python3 [爬蟲入門實戰]爬蟲之scrapy爬取織夢者網站並存mongoDB

主要爬取了編程欄目裏的其他編程裏的36638條數據

過程是自己一步一步的往下寫的，有不懂的也是一邊找筆記，一邊百度，一邊調試。

遺憾：沒有進行多欄目數據的爬取，只爬了一個欄目的數據，希望有想法的有鑽研精神的可以自己去嘗試爬取一下，難度應該不會很大。

給一張效果圖：

爬取字段：標題，標題鏈接，標題描述，發佈時間，發佈類型，發佈tag

爬取方式：主要是獲取div【pull-left ltxt w658】下的內容，這個div還是有點複雜的？對於我而言吧。調試了多次，

需要爬取的內容都在上面圖片標記着了，

先上items裏面的代碼：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class MakedreamItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()

    # 文章標題
    articleTitle = scrapy.Field()
    # 文章標題url
    articleUrl = scrapy.Field()
    # 文章描述
    articleDesc = scrapy.Field()
    # 文章發佈時間
    articlePublic = scrapy.Field()
    # 文章類型
    articleType = scrapy.Field()
    # 文章標籤
    articleTag = scrapy.Field()
    # pass

沒毛病，我們繼續接着上spider裏面的代碼，瞧仔細了。

# encoding=utf8
import scrapy
from makedream.items import MakedreamItem


class DramingNet(scrapy.Spider):
    # 啓動爬蟲的名稱
    name = 'draming'
    # 爬蟲的域範圍
    allowed_domains = ['zhimengzhe.com']
    # 爬蟲的第一個url
    start_urls = ['http://www.zhimengzhe.com/bianchengjiaocheng/qitabiancheng/index_{}.html'.format(n) for n in
                  range(0, 1466)]

    # 爬取結果解析
    def parse(self, response):
        base_url = 'http://www.zhimengzhe.com'
        # print(response.body)
        node_list = response.xpath("//ul[@class='list-unstyled list-article']/li")
        for node in node_list:
            item = MakedreamItem()
            nextNode = node.xpath("./div[@class='pull-left ltxt w658']")
            print('*' * 30)
            title = nextNode.xpath('./h3/a/text()').extract()
            link = nextNode.xpath('./h3/a/@href').extract()
            desc = nextNode.xpath('./p/text()').extract()

            # 創建時間，類型，標籤
            publicTime = nextNode.xpath("./div[@class='tagtime']/span[1]/text()").extract()
            publicType = nextNode.xpath("./div[@class='tagtime']/span[2]/a/text()").extract()
            publicTag = nextNode.xpath("./div[@class='tagtime']/span[3]/a/text()").extract()
            # node
            titleLink = base_url + ''.join(link)
            item['articleTitle'] = title
            # 文章標題url
            item['articleUrl'] = titleLink
            # 文章描述
            item['articleDesc'] = desc
            # 文章發佈時間
            item['articlePublic'] = publicTime
            # 文章類型
            item['articleType'] = publicType
            # 文章標籤
            item['articleTag'] = publicTag
            yield item

雖然我這次能成功爬取出來字段，不代表以後也一直可以通用，大家要學會靈活一下，難道不是嘛。/kb

下載文件裏面的我分別寫了份存入mongodb 和存入json文件裏面的， mongodb的配置不是很難哦。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import json
import pymongo
from scrapy.conf import settings

class MakedreamPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        return item


class DreamMongo(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=settings['MONGO_HOST'], port=settings['MONGO_PORT'])
        self.db = self.client[settings['MONGO_DB']]
        self.post = self.db[settings['MONGO_COLL']]

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        postItem = dict(item)
        self.post.insert(postItem)
        return item


# 寫入json文件類
class JsonWritePipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.file = open('織夢網其他編程.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8')

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        line = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False) + "\n"
        self.file.write(line)
        return item

    def spider_closed(self, spider):
        self.file.close()

注意這裏的settings的導入。

接下來我們看看settings裏面的東西：
主要是mongodb的東東吧，

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for makedream project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'makedream'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['makedream.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'makedream.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'makedream (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
# 配置mongoDB
MONGO_HOST = "127.0.0.1"  # 主機IP
MONGO_PORT = 27017  # 端口號
MONGO_DB = "DreamDB"  # 庫名
MONGO_COLL = "Dream_info"  # collection
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'makedream.middlewares.MakedreamSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'makedream.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   # 'makedream.pipelines.MakedreamPipeline': 300,
    'makedream.pipelines.JsonWritePipeline':300,
    'makedream.pipelines.DreamMongo':300
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

接下來就是快到大結局了：

在當前項目下輸入：scrapy crawl draming（爬蟲名稱）就可以了。然後你就可以去看數據庫，或者看到一個json文件的生成了。

給大夥瞧一下數據庫。

接下來是：根據別人的教程深入學習一下scrap進行全站的抓取吧，感覺這個難度還是要有的，（包括一些cookie，代理ip，user-agent的學習）

python3 [爬蟲入門實戰]爬蟲之scrapy爬取織夢者網站並存mongoDB

主要爬取了編程欄目裏的其他編程裏的36638條數據

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