Spring Data 系列(三) Spring+JPA(spring-data-commons)

原創作品,允許轉載,轉載時請務必以超鏈接形式標明文章 原始出處 、作者信息和本聲明。否則將追究法律責任。http://dba10g.blog.51cto.com/764602/1792855

本章是Spring Data系列的第三篇。系列文章,重點不是講解JPA語法,所以跑開了JPA的很多語法等,重點放在環境搭建,通過對比方式,快速體會Spring 對JPA的強大功能。

準備代碼過程中,保持了每個例子的獨立性,和簡單性,準備的源碼包,下載即可使用。如果,對JPA語法想深入研究的話,直接下載在此基礎上進行測試。

前言

Spring Data 系列(一) 入門簡單介紹了原生態的SQL使用,以及JdbcTemplate的使用,在這裏寫SQL的活還需要自己準備。

Spring Data 系列(二)  Spring+JPA入門(集成Hibernate) : 使用JPA API,SQL實現了透明化,可以在不同數據庫之間進行切換,以及JPA解決方案間切換。這時候的業務DAO層,是自定義的方法。

Spring Data 系列(三) Spring+JPA(spring-data-commons): 在Spring Data 系列(二) 
的基礎上,業務DAO層,也可以省掉。


1.XML配置實現spring-data-commons集成

環境代碼和項目結構和Spring Data 系列(二) 基本一致

1.1 項目結構

wKiom1duNsSjRL5NAAA2DCBZQeg312.png

1.2.pom.xml

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<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>springJpaExample2</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <name>springJpaExample2</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
 
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>spring-releases</id>
      <name>Spring Releases</name>
      <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-release</url>
    </repository>
    <repository>
      <id>org.jboss.repository.releases</id>
      <name>JBoss Maven Release Repository</name>
      <url>https://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/repositories/releases</url>
    </repository>
  </repositories>
  <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <id>spring-releases</id>
      <name>Spring Releases</name>
      <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-release</url>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>io.spring.platform</groupId>
        <artifactId>platform-bom</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.2.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>
</project>

1.3 persistence.xml

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<persistence version="2.1"
             xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd">
    <persistence-unit name="JPAExamples">
        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
    </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

1.4 日誌文件(這對研究框架操作過程,是個很好的入口)

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">
            <Pattern>
                %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n
            </Pattern>
        </layout>
    </appender>
    <logger name="org.hibernate" level="debug" additivity="false">
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
    </logger>
 
    <root level="error">
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
    </root>
 
</configuration>

1.5 核心配置文件spring.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd
      ">
 
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/exampledb"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="root"/>
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="persistenceXmlLocation" value="META-INF/persistence.xml"/>
        <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="JPAExamples"/>
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter" ref="jpaVendorAdapter"/>
        <property name="jpaDialect" ref="jpaDialect"/>
        <property name="jpaProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
 
    <bean id="jpaVendorAdapter" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
        <property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
        <property name="database" value="MYSQL"/>
    </bean>
 
    <bean id="jpaDialect" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"/>
 
    <bean id="entityManager" factory-bean="entityManagerFactory"  factory-method="createEntityManager"></bean>
    <!-- Jpa 事務管理器  -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"
          p:entityManagerFactory-ref="entityManagerFactory" />
    <!-- 開啓註解事務 -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true" />
 
    <!-- 啓動對@AspectJ(面向切面)註解的支持 -->
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy />
 
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.journaldev.spring.jpa"></context:component-scan>
 
    <jpa:repositories base-package="com.journaldev.spring.jpa"/>
</beans>

1.6 業務Entity

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package com.journaldev.spring.jpa.model;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.IdClass;
 
@Entity
public class Employee {
    @Id
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String role;
 
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
 
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public String getRole() {
        return role;
    }
 
    public void setRole(String role) {
        this.role = role;
    }
 
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "{ID=" + id + ",Name=" + name + ",Role=" + role + "}";
    }
}

1.7 DAO

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public interface EmployeeDAO extends CrudRepository<Employee,Integer> {
}

DAO接口定義,這兒有幾點2點注意

  1. 不需要在這兒重複通過@Reposity,@Component等註解聲明Bean,因爲通過<jpa:repositories base-package="com.journaldev.spring.jpa"/>語法已經聲明瞭

  2. CrudRepository是泛型,不能省略。

1.8 最後測試

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import com.journaldev.spring.jpa.dao.EmployeeDAO;
import com.journaldev.spring.jpa.model.Employee;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Random;
 
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring.xml")
public class SpringJPATest /*extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests */{
    @Autowired
    private EmployeeDAO employeeDAO;
 
    @Test
    public void testSave(){
        Employee emp = new Employee();
        int rand = new Random().nextInt(1000);
        emp.setId(rand);
        emp.setName("Pankaj");
        emp.setRole("Java Developer");
        employeeDAO.save(emp);
        emp.setName(emp.getName() + "_update");
        employeeDAO.save(emp);
 
        Iterable<Employee> employees = employeeDAO.findAll();
        Iterator<Employee> iterator = employees.iterator();
        while(iterator.hasNext()){
            System.out.println(iterator.next());
        }
 
    }
}

測試代碼,不多測試。還是那句話,該系列文章,重點是演示搭建過程,以及對比方式,理解Spring Data帶來的威力。

最後:

通過對比,相信大家不難發現,本文的DAO層連實現都不需要了,定義一個接口就齊活了,邏輯由Spring自動實時自動生成。最後我要說的時,雖然Spring給我們帶來的便利,但麻煩也隨之而來。把底層實現進行了屏蔽,凡是遇到錯誤,也很難定位問題了,弄清楚Spring的工作機制,這也是我們以後的課題了。


2.Annotation配置實現spring-data-commons集成

和<1.XML配置實現spring-data-commons集成>節基本一樣。

稍微有點差別的是


wKiom1duQ4DT4nDOAAAwe4PQDlY241.png

2.1 spring.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd
      ">
 
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.journaldev.spring.jpa"></context:component-scan>
</beans>

去除數據庫,事務管理器配置,改用java annotation。相信熟悉spring的同學都知道,他們僅僅是聲明spring bean的方式有點差別,基本本質是一樣,都是註冊BeanDefinition元數據,進而根據元數據構建需要的Bean對象。

2.2 添加配置bean

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package com.journaldev.spring.jpa;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
 
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.Properties;
 
@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = {"com.journaldev.spring.jpa"
})
class PersistenceContext {
 
   //Configure the required beans here
    @Bean
  public DataSource dataSource() {
        DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
        dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/exampledb");
        dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        dataSource.setUsername("root");
        dataSource.setPassword("root");
        return  dataSource;
    }
 
    @Bean
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory(DataSource dataSource) {
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBean = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
        entityManagerFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaVendorAdapter(new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter());
//        entityManagerFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan("com.journaldev.spring.jpa");
 
        Properties jpaProperties = new Properties();
 
        //Configures the used database dialect. This allows Hibernate to create SQL
        //that is optimized for the used database.
        jpaProperties.put("hibernate.dialect""org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect");
 
        //Specifies the action that is invoked to the database when the Hibernate
        //SessionFactory is created or closed.
        jpaProperties.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto",true);
 
        //If the value of this property is true, Hibernate writes all SQL
        //statements to the console.
        jpaProperties.put("hibernate.show_sql",true);
 
        //If the value of this property is true, Hibernate will format the SQL
        //that is written to the console.
        jpaProperties.put("hibernate.format_sql",true);
 
        entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaProperties(jpaProperties);
 
        return entityManagerFactoryBean;
    }
    @Bean
    public JpaTransactionManager transactionManager(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
        JpaTransactionManager transactionManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
        transactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactory);
        return transactionManager;
    }
}

使用編碼式聲明,我能想到唯一的優點:自動程度高一些,方便動態配置相關信息。


總之,變更了2處地方,其他完全一樣。可以理解爲就是聲明底層支持對象(如數據源,事務管理器)兩個地方發生了變化),看各自愛好,那種方式都可以。我比較傾向於XML聲明方式。


源碼包2個





本文出自 “簡單” 博客,請務必保留此出處http://dba10g.blog.51cto.com/764602/1792855




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