以ns-3.25/ex1/examples下面的main-callback.cc爲例,講解Callback用法。
#include "ns3/callback.h"
#include "ns3/assert.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace ns3;
static double
CbOne (double a, double b)
{
std::cout << "invoke cbOne a=" << a << ", b=" << b << std::endl;
return a;
}
/** Example Callback class. */
class MyCb {
public:
/**
* Example Callback class method.
*
* \param [in] a The argument.
* \returns -5
*/
int CbTwo (double a) {
std::cout << "invoke cbTwo a=" << a << std::endl;
return -5;
}
};
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
// return type: double
// first arg type: double
// second arg type: double
Callback<double, double, double> one;
// build callback instance which points to cbOne function
one = MakeCallback (&CbOne);
// this is not a null callback
NS_ASSERT (!one.IsNull ());
// invoke cbOne function through callback instance
double retOne;
retOne = one (10.0, 20.0);
// callback returned expected value
NS_ASSERT (retOne == 10.0);
// return type: int
// first arg type: double
Callback<int, double> two;
MyCb cb;
// build callback instance which points to MyCb::cbTwo
two = MakeCallback (&MyCb::CbTwo, &cb);
// this is not a null callback
NS_ASSERT (!two.IsNull ());
// invoke MyCb::cbTwo through callback instance
int retTwo;
retTwo = two (10.0);
// callback returned expected value
NS_ASSERT (retTwo == -5);
two = MakeNullCallback<int, double> ();
// invoking a null callback is just like
// invoking a null function pointer:
// it will crash.
//int retTwoNull = two (20.0);
NS_ASSERT (two.IsNull ());
#if 0
// The below type mismatch between CbOne() and callback two will fail to
// compile if enabled in this program.
two = MakeCallback (&CbOne);
#endif
#if 0
// This is a slightly different example, in which the code will compile
// but because callbacks are type-safe, will cause a fatal error at runtime
// (the difference here is that Assign() is called instead of operator=)
Callback<void, float> three;
three.Assign (MakeCallback (&CbOne));
#endif
return 0;
}
首先我們觀察到第一個Callback與Cbone有這樣的關係:
如果這個函數和Callback函數有相同的函數參數類型,那麼我們可以把這個函數綁定爲Callback函數。Callback函數第一個參數是返回類型,後邊的是參數類型。
Callback只是一個聲明的作用,它表示我們綁定任意符合要求的函數到Callback函數,那麼我們究竟要綁定哪個函數呢?接下來我們用MakeCallback函數綁定到具體的函數上去。
// build callback instance which points to cbOne function
one = MakeCallback (&CbOne);
接下來:
NS_ASSERT (!one.IsNull ());
這句話爲了保證Callback爲非空,也就是說,Callback綁定到了特定的函數。
第二次調用Callback函數,是綁定到了類的成員函數上,原理一樣。
我們可以看一下Callback函數和MakeCallback原型
參數:
memPtr Class method member pointer
objPtr Class instance
返回:
A wrapper Callback