通常情況下使用DBCA和NETCA在RAC環境中創建和添加實例和監聽比較方便，但是有些情況下無法使用圖形界面，這裏介紹一下手工創建實例和監聽的步驟：

1.創建一份啓動數據庫用的init.ora文件也就是實例

初始化文件需要創建在目錄$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下

$cat init.ora
control_files=’+DATA/TEST/CONTROLFILE/control01.ctl’
*.audit_file_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/admin/TEST/adump’
*.background_dump_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/admin/TEST/bdump’
*.compatible=’10.2.0.1.0’
*.core_dump_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/admin/TEST/cdump’
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest=’+DATA’
*.db_domain=”
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name=’TEST’
*.db_recovery_file_dest=’+DATA’
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
*.sga_target = 250M
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_checkpoints_to_alert=TRUE
*.pga_aggregate_target=100M
*.processes=500
*.remote_listener=’LISTENERS_TEST’
*.remote_login_passwordfile=’exclusive’
*.sessions=200
*.undo_management=’AUTO’
*.user_dump_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/admin/TEST/udump’
TEST1.instance_name = TEST1

2.創建密碼文件：

密碼文件需要創建在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下

[oracle@rac1 dbs] $p w d / u 01 / a p p / o r a c l e / p r o d u c t / 10.2.0 / d b_{1} / d b s [o r a c l e @ r a c 1 d b s]$ orapwd file=orapwTEST1 password=oracle entries=5

also in node rac2 machine,

[oracle@rac2 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwTEST2 password=oracle entries=5

add a entries in /etc/oratab file

[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ vi /etc/oratab
TEST1:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:N

also in node rac2 /etc/oratab file
TEST2:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:N

3.配置數據庫監聽：

在兩個節點的監聽文件($ORACLE_HOME/admin/listener.ora)裏分別配置如下監聽信息：

SID_LIST_LISTENER_TEST =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

 (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

 (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)

 (PROGRAM = extproc)

))

LISTENER_TEST =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip)(PORT = 1523))

))

在兩個節點的連接串文件($ORACLE_HOME/admin/tnsnames.ora .ora)裏分別配置如下監聽信息：

TEST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.localdomain)(PORT = 1523))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.localdomain)(PORT = 1523))
(LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = TEST)
)
)
TEST2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = TEST)
(INSTANCE_NAME = TEST2)
)
)

TEST1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = TEST)
(INSTANCE_NAME = TEST1)
)
)

4.創建實例

4.1.創建第一個實例

[oracle@rac1 ~] $e n v | g r e p O R A C L E_{S} I D O R A C L E_{S} I D = T E S T 1 [o r a c l e @ r a c 1]$ sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’

SQL> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 264241152 bytes
Fixed Size 1218868 bytes
Variable Size 88082124 bytes
Database Buffers 171966464 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

4.2.創建數據庫：

CREATE DATABASE TEST
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 100
MAXLOGFILES 64
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 150
DATAFILE SIZE 300M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE 1024M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE SIZE 200M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE 800M
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE SIZE 200M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 1000M
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 DATAFILE SIZE 200M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 1000M
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 SIZE 50M
/

SQL> @/home/oracle/Desktop/create.sql

Database created.

SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE USERS DATAFILE SIZE 5M;

Tablespace created.

SQL> alter database default tablespace users;

Database altered.

4.3.把單實例切換成RAC實例，有以下基本步驟需要完成：

4.3.1.創建 initTEST1.ora並且加入以下參數，同時包含initTEST.ora的內容

*.cluster_database_instances=2
*.cluster_database=true
TEST1.instance_number=1
TEST2.instance_number=2
TEST2.thread=2
TEST1.thread=1
*.undo_management=’AUTO’
TEST1.undo_tablespace=’UNDOTBS1’
TEST2.undo_tablespace=’UNDOTBS2’
TEST1.instance_name = TEST1
TEST1.instance_name = TEST2

4.3.2 創建第二個實例需要的對象：

SQL> CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS2 DATAFILE SIZE 200M;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE THREAD 2 GROUP 4 SIZE 50M;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE THREAD 2 GROUP 5 SIZE 50M, GROUP 6 SIZE 50M;

Database altered.

4.4. 切換成RAC並重啓實例

SQL> SHUT IMMEDIATE
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT
SQL> SELECT NAME FROM V$CONTROLFILE;

NAME

+DATA/TEST/controlfile/control01.ctl

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ENABLE PUBLIC THREAD 2;

SQL> SHOW PARAMETER CLUSTER_DATABASE;

NAME TYPE VALUE

cluster_database boolean TRUE
cluster_database_instances integer 2
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ENABLE PUBLIC THREAD 2;

Database altered.

SQL> SELECT INSTANCE_NAME FROM gv$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME

TEST1
TEST2

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 1
Current log sequence 1
SQL>

[oracle@rac2 ~] $. o r a e n v O R A C L E_{S} I D = [o r a c l e] ? T E S T 2 [o r a c l e @ r a c 2]$ dbhome
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Jul 23 12:17:38 2010

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 264241152 bytes
Fixed Size 1218868 bytes
Variable Size 88082124 bytes
Database Buffers 171966464 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
ORA-01618: redo thread 2 is not enabled - cannot mount

SQL> alter database mount;

Database altered.

SQL> select instance_name from gv$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME

TEST1
TEST2

SQL>

4.5.在共享的存儲上創建spfile

SQL> create spfile=’+DATA/TEST/spfileTEST.ora’ from pfile;

File created.

此時，在alert日誌裏我們會看到 CLUSTER_DATABASE=TRUE 的信息，說明我們已經把單實例切換成了RAC實例；

5.運行創建相關數據字典等信息的腳本：

$O R A C L E_{H} O M E / r d b m s / a d m i n / c a t a l o g . s q l$ ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
$O R A C L E_{H} O M E / r d b m s / a d m i n / c a t c l u s t . s q l$ ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql

6.關閉實例，並把實例信息註冊到OCR裏，由Cluster對實例進行管理：

[oracle@rac1 bdump] $c d / u 01 / c r s / o r a c l e / p r o d u c t / 10.2.0 / c r s / b i n / [o r a c l e @ r a c 1 b i n]$ ./srvctl add database -d TEST -o $O R A C L E_{H} O M E [o r a c l e @ r a c 1 b i n]$ ./srvctl add instance -d TEST -i TEST1 -n rac1
[oracle@rac1 bin] $. / s r v c t l a d d i n s t a n c e - d T E S T - i T E S T 2 - n r a c 2 [o r a c l e @ r a c 1 b i n]$ ./srvctl start database -d TEST
[oracle@rac1 bin]$

[root@rac2 bin]# ./crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host

ora….O1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora….O2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.TEST.db application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.jay.db application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora….y1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora….y2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora….SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora….C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora….SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora….C2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

[root@rac2 bin]#

7.最後我們需要把監聽也註冊到OCR中進行自動管理：

7.1.查看您的監聽配置信息（$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora），兩個節點應該都進行了配置，我們以節點1爲例：

SID_LIST_LISTENER_TEST =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
))

LISTENER_TEST =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip)(PORT = 1523))
))

7.2.創建監聽資源的profile文件：

[oracle@rac1 public] $c a t$ CRS_HOME/crs/public/ora.rac1.LISTENER_TEST.lsnr.cap
NAME=ora.rac1.LISTENER_TEST.lsnr
TYPE=application
ACTION_SCRIPT=/u01/app/oracle/bin/racgwrap
CHECK_INTERVAL=600
ACTIVE_PLACEMENT=1
DESCRIPTION=CRS application for listener on rac1
HOSTING_MEMBERS=rac1
PLACEMENT=favored
REQUIRED_RESOURCES=ora.rac1.vip

7.3.把監聽資源註冊到OCR

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ crs_register ora.rac1.LISTENER_TEST.lsnr

Test to stop and start it with srvctl commands :

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start listener -n rac1 -l listener_test

Check the status of the registered resource :

[oracle@rac1 public]$ crs_stat -t ora.rac1.LISTENER_TEST.lsnr

Name Type Target State Host

ora….ST.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

7.4.另外一個節點重複以上操作，配置rac2上的監聽。

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[root@rac2 bin]#

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