該示例演示如何調用需要指向包含字符串的結構的指針的非託管函數。 此外，它還演示如何使用託管類來表示非託管結構，如何應用 InAttribute 和 OutAttribute 特性將該類封送回調用方，以及如何聲明並初始化該類的不同字段以產生正確的非託管表示形式。
OpenFileDlg 示例使用以下非託管函數（這裏同時顯示其原始函數聲明）：
傳遞給上一函數的 LPOPENFILENAME 結構（來自
Win32 API）包含以下元素：
typedef struct tagOFN {
DWORD lStructSize;
//…
LPCTSTR lpstrFilter;
//…
LPTSTR lpstrFile;
DWORD nMaxFile;
LPTSTR lpstrFileTitle;
DWORD nMaxFileTitle;
LPCTSTR lpstrInitialDir;
LPCTSTR lpstrTitle;
//…
LPCTSTR lpstrDefExt;
//…
} OPENFILENAME, *LPOPENFILENAME;
在該示例中，OpenFileName類包含作爲類成員的原始結構的元素。 非託管結構被聲明爲類而不是託管結構，以顯示當非託管函數需要一個指向結構的指針時可以如何使用類。 由於託管類是引用類型，因此當它通過值傳遞時，指向該類的指針將被傳遞給非託管代碼中。 這正是非託管函數所需要的。
將 StructLayoutAttribute 特性應用於該類，以確保成員在內存中按它們的出現順序依次排列。 CharSet 字段設置爲使平臺調用可以在運行時根據目標平臺在
ANSI 和 Unicode 格式之間進行選擇。
LibWrap類包含GetOpenFileName方法的託管原型，該方法將OpenFileName類作爲
In/Out 參數傳遞。 通過顯式應用 InAttribute 和 OutAttribute，該示例確保將OpenFileName作爲
In/Out 參數進行封送處理並且調用方可以查看封送回的更改。（爲了提高性能，類的默認 方向特性爲
In，以防止調用方查看封送回的更改。）App類創建OpenFileName類的一個新實例，並使用 MarshalSizeOf 方法確定非託管結構的大小（以字節爲單位）。
聲明原型
' Declare a class member for each structure element.
<StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet:=CharSet.Auto)> _
Public Class OpenFileName
Public structSize As Integer = 0
Public hwnd As IntPtr = IntPtr.Zero
Public hinst As IntPtr = IntPtr.Zero
Public filter As String = Nothing
Public custFilter As String = Nothing
Public custFilterMax As Integer = 0
Public filterIndex As Integer = 0
Public file As String = Nothing
Public maxFile As Integer = 0
Public fileTitle As String = Nothing
Public maxFileTitle As Integer = 0
Public initialDir As String = Nothing
Public title As String = Nothing
Public flags As Integer = 0
Public fileOffset As Short = 0
Public fileExtMax As Short = 0
Public defExt as String = Nothing
Public custData As Integer = 0
Public pHook As IntPtr = IntPtr.Zero
Public template As String = Nothing
End Class
Public Class LibWrap
' Declare managed prototype for the unmanaged function.
Declare Auto Function GetOpenFileName Lib "Comdlg32.dll" ( _
<[In], Out> ByVal ofn As OpenFileName ) As Boolean
End Class
// Declare a class member for each structure element.
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
public class OpenFileName
{
public int structSize = 0;
public IntPtr hwnd = IntPtr.Zero;
public IntPtr hinst = IntPtr.Zero;
public string filter = null;
public string custFilter = null;
public int custFilterMax = 0;
public int filterIndex = 0;
public string file = null;
public int maxFile = 0;
public string fileTitle = null;
public int maxFileTitle = 0;
public string initialDir = null;
public string title = null;
public int flags = 0;
public short fileOffset = 0;
public short fileExtMax = 0;
public string defExt = null;
public int custData = 0;
public IntPtr pHook = IntPtr.Zero;
public string template = null;
}
public class LibWrap
{
// Declare a managed prototype for the unmanaged function.
[DllImport("Comdlg32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern bool GetOpenFileName([In, Out] OpenFileName ofn);
}
// Declare a class member for each structure element.
[StructLayout(LayoutKind::Sequential, CharSet=CharSet::Auto)]
public ref class OpenFileName
{
public:
int structSize;
IntPtr hwnd;
IntPtr hinst;
String^ filter;
String^ custFilter;
int custFilterMax;
int filterIndex;
String^ file;
int maxFile;
String^ fileTitle;
int maxFileTitle;
String^ initialDir;
String^ title;
int flags;
short fileOffset;
short fileExtMax;
String^ defExt;
int custData;
IntPtr pHook;
String^ tmplate;
OpenFileName()
{
// Initialize the fields.
for each (FieldInfo^ fi in this->GetType()->GetFields())
{
fi->SetValue(this, nullptr);
}
}
};
public ref class LibWrap
{
public:
// Declare a managed prototype for the unmanaged function.
[DllImport("Comdlg32.dll", CharSet=CharSet::Auto)]
static bool GetOpenFileName([In, Out] OpenFileName^ ofn);
};
調用函數
Public Class App
Public Shared Sub Main()
Dim ofn As New OpenFileName()
ofn.structSize = Marshal.SizeOf(ofn)
ofn.filter = "Log files" & ChrW(0) & "*.log" & ChrW(0) & _
"Batch files" & ChrW(0) & "*.bat" & ChrW(0)
ofn.file = New String(New Char(256){})
ofn.maxFile = ofn.file.Length
ofn.fileTitle = new string(New Char(64){})
ofn.maxFileTitle = ofn.fileTitle.Length
ofn.initialDir = "C:\"
ofn.title = "Open file called using platform invoke..."
ofn.defExt = "txt"
If LibWrap.GetOpenFileName(ofn) Then
Console.WriteLine("Selected file with full path: {0}", ofn.file)
End If
End Sub
End Class
public class App
{
public static void Main()
{
OpenFileName ofn = new OpenFileName();
ofn.structSize = Marshal.SizeOf(ofn);
ofn.filter = "Log files\0*.log\0Batch files\0*.bat\0";
ofn.file = new string(new char[256]);
ofn.maxFile = ofn.file.Length;
ofn.fileTitle = new string(new char[64]);
ofn.maxFileTitle = ofn.fileTitle.Length;
ofn.initialDir = "C:\\";
ofn.title = "Open file called using platform invoke...";
ofn.defExt = "txt";
if (LibWrap.GetOpenFileName(ofn))
{
Console.WriteLine("Selected file with full path: {0}", ofn.file);
}
}
}
public ref class App
{
public:
static void Main()
{
OpenFileName^ ofn = gcnew OpenFileName();
ofn->structSize = Marshal::SizeOf(ofn);
ofn->filter = "Log files\0*.log\0Batch files\0*.bat\0";
ofn->file = gcnew String(gcnew array<Char>(256));
ofn->maxFile = ofn->file->Length;
ofn->fileTitle = gcnew String(gcnew array<Char>(64));
ofn->maxFileTitle = ofn->fileTitle->Length;
ofn->initialDir = "C:\\";
ofn->title = "Open file called using platform invoke...";
ofn->defExt = "txt";
if (LibWrap::GetOpenFileName(ofn))
{
Console::WriteLine("Selected file with full path: {0}", ofn->file);
}
}
};
