v$datafile视图中存储的是有关数据文件的信息，v$tempfile视图中存储的是有关临时文件的信息。在两个视图中都有file#字段，先来看一下官方文档的定义：
V$DATAFILE
This view contains datafile information from the control file.
See Also:
"V$DATAFILE_HEADER", which displays information from datafile headers| Column | Datatype | Description |
|---|---|---|
FILE# |
NUMBER |
File identification number |
CREATION_CHANGE# |
NUMBER |
Change number at which the datafile was created |
CREATION_TIME |
DATE |
Timestamp of the datafile creation |
TS# |
NUMBER |
Tablespace number |
RFILE# |
NUMBER |
Tablespace relative datafile number |
STATUS |
VARCHAR2(7) |
Type of file (system or user) and its status. Values: OFFLINE, ONLINE, SYSTEM, RECOVER, SYSOFF (an
offline file from the SYSTEM tablespace) |
ENABLED |
VARCHAR2(10) |
Describes how accessible the file is from SQL:
|
CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# |
NUMBER |
SCN at last checkpoint |
CHECKPOINT_TIME |
DATE |
Timestamp of the checkpoint# |
UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# |
NUMBER |
Last unrecoverable change number made to this datafile. If the database is in ARCHIVELOG mode, then this column is updated when an unrecoverable operation
completes. If the database is not in ARCHIVELOG mode, this column does not get updated. |
UNRECOVERABLE_TIME |
DATE |
Timestamp of the last unrecoverable change. This column is updated only if the database is in ARCHIVELOG mode. |
LAST_CHANGE# |
NUMBER |
Last change number made to this datafile (null if the datafile is being changed) |
LAST_TIME |
DATE |
Timestamp of the last change |
OFFLINE_CHANGE# |
NUMBER |
Offline change number of the last offline range. This column is updated only when the datafile is brought online. |
ONLINE_CHANGE# |
NUMBER |
Online change number of the last offline range |
ONLINE_TIME |
DATE |
Online timestamp of the last offline range |
BYTES |
NUMBER |
Current datafile size (in bytes); 0 if inaccessible |
BLOCKS |
NUMBER |
Current datafile size (in blocks); 0 if inaccessible |
CREATE_BYTES |
NUMBER |
Size when created (in bytes) |
BLOCK_SIZE |
NUMBER |
Block size of the datafile |
NAME |
VARCHAR2(513) |
Name of the datafile |
PLUGGED_IN |
NUMBER |
Describes whether the tablespace is plugged in. The value is 1 if the tablespace is plugged in and has not been made read/write, 0 if
not. |
BLOCK1_OFFSET |
NUMBER |
Offset from the beginning of the file to where the Oracle generic information begins. The exact length of the file can be computed as follows:BYTES + BLOCK1_OFFSET. |
AUX_NAME |
VARCHAR2(513) |
Auxiliary name that has been set for this file via CONFIGURE AUXNAME |
FIRST_NONLOGGED_SCN |
NUMBER |
First nonlogged SCN |
FIRST_NONLOGGED_TIME |
DATE |
First nonlogged time |
V$TEMPFILE
This view displays tempfile information.
| Column | Datatype | Description |
|---|---|---|
FILE# |
NUMBER |
Absolute file number |
CREATION_CHANGE# |
NUMBER |
Creation System Change Number (SCN) |
CREATION_TIME |
DATE |
Creation time |
TS# |
NUMBER |
Tablespace number |
RFILE# |
NUMBER |
Relative file number in the tablespace |
STATUS |
VARCHAR2(7) |
Status of the file (OFFLINE|ONLINE) |
ENABLED |
VARCHAR2(10) |
Enabled for read and/or write |
BYTES |
NUMBER |
Size of the file in bytes (from the file header) |
BLOCKS |
NUMBER |
Size of the file in blocks (from the file header) |
CREATE_BYTES |
NUMBER |
Creation size of the file (in bytes) |
BLOCK_SIZE |
NUMBER |
Block size for the file |
NAME |
VARCHAR2(513) |
Name of the file |
从上面的文档可以看出，在v$tempfile和v$datafile中file#均代表绝对文件好，而rfile#代表相对文件号，下面来验证一下：
SQL> l
1* select file#,name from v$tempfile
SQL> /
FILE# NAME
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
1 /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/temp01.dbf
SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
1 /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/system01.dbf
2 /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/undotbs01.dbf
3 /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/sysaux01.dbf
4 /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/users01.dbf
5 /home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/test01.dbf
我们知道在文件无法访问时，oracle会报错并在错误信息中显示有关文件的信息，下面我们来模拟临时文件的故障
[oraten@yue oraten]$ chmod 000 temp01.dbf
[oraten@yue oraten]$ ll
总用量 932180
-rw-r----- 1 oraten dba 7061504 11月 7 13:59 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oraten dba 7061504 11月 7 13:59 control02.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oraten dba 7061504 11月 7 13:59 control03.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oraten dba 52429312 11月 7 13:44 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oraten dba 52429312 11月 7 13:54 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oraten dba 52429312 11月 7 13:44 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oraten dba 272637952 11月 7 13:49 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oraten dba 461381632 11月 7 13:49 system01.dbf
---------- 1 oraten dba 20979712 11月 7 13:39 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oraten dba 10493952 11月 7 13:44 test01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oraten dba 26222592 11月 7 13:49 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oraten dba 5251072 11月 7 13:44 users01.dbf
强制启动数据库
SQL> startup force
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 134217728 bytes
Fixed Size 2094544 bytes
Variable Size 88082992 bytes
Database Buffers 37748736 bytes
Redo Buffers 6291456 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
SQL> insert into t1 select * from user_tables;
insert into t1 select * from user_tables
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 101 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 101: '/home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/temp01.dbf'
呵呵，临时文件无法访问，在这里显示的文件号为101,为什么那？
我们将参数 db_files修改为200,继续实验
SQL> show parameter db_files
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_files integer 100
SQL> alter system set db_files=200 scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> startup force
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 134217728 bytes
Fixed Size 2094544 bytes
Variable Size 88082992 bytes
Database Buffers 37748736 bytes
Redo Buffers 6291456 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> insert into t1 select * from user_tables;
insert into t1 select * from user_tables
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 201 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 201: '/home/app/oraten/oradata/oraten/temp01.dbf'
打完手工！！