關於自定義屬性typearray的一些小理解

AttributeSet與TypedArray在自定義控件中的作用:

AttributeSet的作用就是在控件進行初始化的時候,解析佈局文件中該控件的屬性(key eg:background)與該值(value eg:@drawable/icon)的信息封裝在AttributeSet中,傳遞給該控件(View)的構造函數。

對於非Android自帶的屬性,在View類中處理時是無法識別的,因此需要我們自己解析。所以這就要用到另外一個類TypedArray。在AttributeSet中我們有屬性名稱,有屬性值,但是控件如何知道哪個屬性代表什麼意思呢?這個工作就由TypedArray來做了。TypedArray對象封裝了/values/attrs.xml中的styleable裏定義的每個屬性的類型信息,通過TypedArray我們就可以知道AttributeSet中封裝的值到底是幹什麼的了,從而可以對這些數據進行應用。


自定義屬性都存在於/value/attr.xml文件中,以如下格式存在。

    <resource>

        <declare-styleable name="自定義屬性名稱">

            <attr name="屬性名稱" format="屬性種類"/>

                ......

        </declare-styleable>

    </resource>

對於自定義屬性中的format的值及其含義如下:

format屬性值:reference 、color、boolean、dimension、float、integer、string、fraction、enum、flag

1. reference:參考某一資源ID。

    (1)屬性定義:

            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">

                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)屬性使用:

             <ImageView

                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/圖片ID"

                     />

2. color:顏色值。

    (1)屬性定義:

            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">

                   <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)屬性使用:

            <TextView

                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:textColor = "#00FF00"

                     />

3. boolean:布爾值。

    (1)屬性定義:

            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">

                   <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)屬性使用:

            <Button

                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"

                    android:focusable = "true"

                    />

4. dimension:尺寸值。

    (1)屬性定義:

            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">

                   <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)屬性使用:

            <Button

                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"

                    />

5. float:浮點值。

    (1)屬性定義:

            <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">

                   <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)屬性使用:

            <alpha
                   android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
                   android:toAlpha = "0.7"

                   />

6. integer:整型值。

    (1)屬性定義:

            <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">

                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)屬性使用:

            <animated-rotate

                   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android
                   android:drawable = "@drawable/圖片ID" 
                   android:pivotX = "50%" 
                   android:pivotY = "50%" 
                   android:framesCount = "12" 
                   android:frameDuration = "100"

                   />

7. string:字符串。

    (1)屬性定義:

            <declare-styleable name = "MapView">
                   <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
            </declare-styleable>

    (2)屬性使用:

            <com.google.android.maps.MapView
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"

                    />

8. fraction:百分數。

    (1)屬性定義:

            <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />
            </declare-styleable>

    (2)屬性使用:

            <rotate

                   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
               android:interpolator = "@anim/動畫ID"

                   android:fromDegrees = "0"
               android:toDegrees = "360"

                   android:pivotX = "200%"

                   android:pivotY = "300%"
               android:duration = "5000"

                   android:repeatMode = "restart"

                   android:repeatCount = "infinite"

                   />

9. enum:枚舉值。

    (1)屬性定義:

            <declare-styleable name="名稱">
                   <attr name="orientation">
                          <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
                          <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
                   </attr>           

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)屬性使用:

            <LinearLayout

                    xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                    android:orientation = "vertical"
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    >
            </LinearLayout>

10. flag:位或運算。

     (1)屬性定義:

             <declare-styleable name="名稱">
                    <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
                            <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
                            <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
                            <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
                            <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
                            <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
                            <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
                            <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
                            <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
                     </attr>        

             </declare-styleable>

     (2)屬性使用:

            <activity

                   android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
                   android:label = "@string/app_name"
                   android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
                   <intent-filter>
                          <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                          <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                   </intent-filter>
             </activity>

特別要注意:

     屬性定義時可以指定多種類型值。

    (1)屬性定義:

            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">

                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)屬性使用:

             <ImageView

                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/圖片ID|#00FF00"

                     />


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