rhel5配置yum

rhel5 配置yum 

首先，rhel5系統安裝的時候其實已經有yum了，只是因爲如果用官方的網站更新的話除非你是用錢買的rhel5.否則它會提示註冊之類的。所以只要把 yum的更新地址改成開源的就行了。而限定yum更新地址的文件在/etc/yum.repos.d/裏。先把它們改成備份文件，即在後面加.bak。
[root@ ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo.bak
[root@ ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo.rpmnew /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo.rpmnew.bak
建立新的配置文件：
[root@ ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@ ~]# touch rhel-debuginfo.repo
[root@ ~]# touch mirrors-rpmforge
[root@ ~]# touch rpmforge.repo
往新的配置文件寫東西：
[root@ ~]#vi rhel-debuginfo.repo
[base]
name=CentOS-5 - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever5&arch=$basearch&
repo=os
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

#released updates
[update]
name=CentOS-5 - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-5 - Addons
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=addons

baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-5 - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=extras

baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-5 - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-5 - Contrib
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5

# vi dag.repo
[dag]
name=Dag RPM Repository for RHEL5
baseurl=http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/$basearch/dag/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/dag/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
修改第二個配置文件：
[root@ ~]vi mirrors-rpmforge
http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/dag.wieers/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://ftp2.lcpe.uni-sofia.bg/freshrpms/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
#http://ftp.heanet.ie/pub/freshrpms/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://mirror.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/mirror/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://rh-mirror.linux.iastate.edu/pub/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://rpmfind.net/linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://wftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$ARCH/dag
修改第三個配置文件：
[root@ ~]# vi rpmforge.repo
# Name: RPMforge RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise 5 - dag
# URL: http://rpmforge.net/
[rpmforge]
name = Red Hat Enterprise $releasever - RPMforge.net - dag
#baseurl = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/$basearch/dag
mirrorlist = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/mirrors-rpmforge
#mirrorlist = file:///etc/yum.repos.d/mirrors-rpmforge
enabled = 1
protect = 0
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag
gpgcheck = 1

如果風速慢的話可以通過增加yum的超時時間，這樣就不會總是因爲超時而退出。
[root@ ~]vi /etc/yum.conf
加上這麼一句：timeout=120
到這裏配置差不多就完了。還有一個包需要安裝：rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
如果不安裝的話有可能會出現以下錯誤：GPG key retrieval failed: [Errno 5] OSError: [Errno 2] 沒有那個文件或目錄: '/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag'
到http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/找到這個包，然後
[root@ ~]rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
接下來就是輸入KEY了。
[root@ ~] rpm --import http://mirror.be10.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
這樣基本上yum就可以用了。不過如果覺得不爽的話還可以優化：
加速yum
[root@ ~]yum install yum-fastestmirror yum-presto
指定或去掉軟件源的mirror:
可以在baseurl中將比較慢的mirror去掉
你的yum鏡像的速度測試記錄文件：
/var/cache/yum/timedhosts.txt
yum Existing lock 錯誤的解決辦法
如果系統啓動的時候， yum 出現Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 3380. Aborting. 可以用下面的辦法解決：
[root@ ~]/etc/init.d/yum-updatesd stop
也可以用以下方法：
[root@ ~]rm -f /var/run/yum.pid
主要原因就是yum在自動更新只要關掉它就可以了

完了。現在就可以測試能不能用了哦：
[root@ ~]yum install postfix
這是安裝mplayer如果要刪除則是：
[root@ ~]yum remove postfix