宿主機：
操作系統：Microsoft Windows 7 旗艦版 Service Pack 1 (build 7601), 32-bit
處理器：Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T5870 @ 2.00GHz 雙核
內存：3.00 GB
硬盤：日立 HITACHI HTS543225L9SA00(250GB) 使用時間：5922小時 溫度：45℃
IP地址：192.168.0.17(內網)
一、服務器規劃
3個虛擬linux服務器，每個分配8G硬盤，256M內存，一個作爲master，另外2個作爲slave，都建立hadoop用戶。
Master 機器主要配置NameNode 和JobTracker 的角色，負責總管分佈式數據和分解任務的執行；
2 個Salve 機器配置DataNode 和TaskTracker 的角色，負責分佈式數據存儲以及任務的執行。
1）master節點：
虛擬機名稱：Red Hat_1_Master
hostname：master.hado0p
IP：192.168.70.101
2）slave01節點
虛擬機名稱：Red Hat_2_Slave01
hostname：slave01.hadoop
IP：192.169.70.102
3）slave02節點
虛擬機名稱：Red Hat_3_Slave02
hostname：slave02.hadoop
IP：192.168.70.103
二、安裝虛擬機
虛擬機：vmware workstation 9.0
操作系統：rhel-server-6.4-i386
安裝過程略，說一下clone，裝完一個redhat後，可使用clone方法，克隆另外2個虛擬系統
方法：
Red Hat_1_Master power off，右鍵Manage-->Clone
Next，選擇 create a full clone
命名虛擬機名稱，選擇目錄
完成clone。
三、IP，hosts配置（root用戶）
按照一的規劃配置IP。
注意：clone的系統，網卡eth0的MAC地址都一樣，先將clone出的2臺mac改掉：
vi /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules刪掉eth0的配置，將eth1改爲eth0，保存退出；
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0將HWADDR值改爲rules文件修改後的eth0 MAC，over。
1、修改hostname
vi /etc/hosts每個節點的hosts文件，添加：
192.168.70.101 master.hadoop
192.168.70.102 slave01.hadoop
192.168.70.103 slave02.hadoop保存，退出。
2、修改固定IP
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE="eth0"
BOOTPROTO=static #靜態IP
HWADDR="00:0c:29:cd:32:a1"
IPADDR=192.168.70.102 #IP地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #子網掩碼
GATEWAY=192.168.70.2 #默認網關
IPV6INIT="yes"
NM_CONTROLLED="yes"
ONBOOT="yes"
TYPE="Ethernet"
UUID="dd883cbe-f331-4f3a-8972-fd0e24e94704"
保存，退出；其它二臺如法炮製。
3、
vi /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=slave01.hadoop #hostname
GATEWAY=192.168.70.2 #默認網關
保存，退出；其它二臺同樣修改。
重啓network服務，查看IP，宿主機、三臺虛擬機器互ping。
四、安裝JDK jdk-6u45-linux-i586.bin
從宿主機通過sftp上傳到master節點 /usr目錄
chmod +x jdk-6u45-linux-i586.bin ./jdk-6u45-linux-i586.bin
當前目錄會unpack出jdk1.6.0_45目錄，修改系統環境變量（所有用戶生效）
vi /etc/profile
末尾添加：
JAVA_HOME=/usr/jdk1.6.0_45
export JAVA_HOME
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export PATH
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export CLASSPATH
保存，退出；其它二臺做同樣配置。
加載環境變量：
source /etc/profile測試：
java -version
五、ssh免密登錄
1、開啓認證（root）
[root@master usr]# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#解除註釋
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
#AuthorizedKeysCommand none
#AuthorizedKeysCommandRunAs nobody2、生成證書公私密鑰（hadoop）
[master@master ~]$ ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /home/master/.ssh/id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/master/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
f5:a6:3b:8f:cf:dd:e7:94:1f:64:37:f4:44:b1:71:e8 [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ DSA 1024]----+
| ++|
| ..+|
| . . o.|
| . . E..|
| S o +o|
| o o +|
| . o.|
| .+ . o+|
| o++ ..=|
+-----------------+
[master@master ~]$
Id_dsa.pub爲公鑰，id_dsa爲私鑰
將公鑰文件複製成authorized_keys文件 到.ssh目錄
[master@master ~]# cd .ssh/
[master@master .ssh]# ls
id_dsa id_dsa.pub known_hosts
[master@master .ssh]#
[master@master .ssh]#
[master@master .ssh]# cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
[master@master .ssh]#
[master@master .ssh]#
[master@master .ssh]$ ll
total 16
-rw-------. 1 master master 610 Oct 21 06:49 authorized_keys
-rw-------. 1 master master 668 Oct 21 06:48 id_dsa
-rw-r--r--. 1 master master 610 Oct 21 06:48 id_dsa.pub
-rw-r--r--. 1 master master 1181 Oct 21 06:50 known_hosts
3、測試登錄
[hadoop@master .ssh]$ ssh localhost期望結果是不需要輸入密碼，事與願違：
[hadoop@master .ssh]$ ssh localhost
hadoop@localhost's password: 找原因：
[hadoop@master .ssh]$ ssh -v localhost
OpenSSH_5.3p1, OpenSSL 1.0.0-fips 29 Mar 2010
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to localhost [::1] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /home/hadoop/.ssh/identity type -1
debug1: identity file /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
debug1: identity file /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_dsa type 2
...
...
debug1: No valid Key exchange context
debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic
debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information
Credentials cache file '/tmp/krb5cc_500' not found
debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information
Credentials cache file '/tmp/krb5cc_500' not found
debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information
debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information
Credentials cache file '/tmp/krb5cc_500' not found
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /home/hadoop/.ssh/identity
debug1: Trying private key: /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Offering public key: /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
debug1: Next authentication method: password
hadoop@localhost's password:切root，看日誌：
[root@master ~]# tail -30 /var/log/secure
Sep 7 05:57:59 master sshd[3960]: Received signal 15; terminating.
Sep 7 05:57:59 master sshd[4266]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 7 05:57:59 master sshd[4266]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 7 05:58:05 master sshd[4270]: Accepted password for root from ::1 port 44995 ssh2
Sep 7 05:58:06 master sshd[4270]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Sep 7 06:06:43 master su: pam_unix(su:session): session opened for user hadoop by root(uid=0)
Sep 7 06:07:09 master sshd[4395]: Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for file /home/hadoop/.ssh/authorized_keys
Sep 7 06:07:09 master sshd[4395]: Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for file /home/hadoop/.ssh/authorized_keys改權限：
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys再測試，通過。
[root@master .ssh]# ssh localhost
The authenticity of host 'localhost (::1)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 10:e8:ce:b5:2f:d8:e7:18:82:5a:92:06:6a:0d:6d:c2.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
[root@master ~]#
4、公鑰分發給slave節點，從而master可以免密碼登錄到slave
[hadoop@master .ssh]$ scp id_dsa.pub [email protected]:/home/hadoop/master.id_dsa.pub
[hadoop@master .ssh]$ scp id_dsa.pub [email protected]:/home/hadoop/master.id_dsa.pub5、在slave節點上，將master的認證密鑰追加到authorized_keys
[hadoop@slave02 ~]$ cat master.id_dsa.pub > .ssh/authorized_keys6、從master主機ssh登錄slave
[hadoop@master .ssh]$ ssh slave01.hadoop
Last login: Sat Sep 7 06:15:35 2013 from localhost
[hadoop@slave01 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to slave01.hadoop closed.
[hadoop@master .ssh]$
[hadoop@master .ssh]$
[hadoop@master .ssh]$ ssh slave02.hadoop
Last login: Sat Sep 7 06:16:24 2013 from localhost
[hadoop@slave02 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to slave02.hadoop closed.不需要密碼了，done。
注：目前實現的是master免密登錄slave，如果要實現各個節點彼此免密，可將各個節點的公鑰整合到一個臨時文件，然後將內容覆蓋到各個authorized_keys，省去很多分發、追加的操作。