RAC環境下配置TAF (Final)

TAF是Transparent Application Failover的英文縮寫，顧名思義就是對應用透明的故障轉移，舉個例子，當應用連接某個oracle數據庫的執行查詢操作的時候，數據庫服務器網絡中斷或者實例崩潰，在經過delay參數設置的值之後，將自動連接到其他可用的實例，繼續進行查詢。(前提是執行計劃，輸出結果集和輸出的順序不能發生變化)

TAF的特性：
1：TAF是ORACLE客戶端提供的一項特性，使用TAF，對客戶端的環境有一定的要求，比如JAVA的JDBC驅動、Oracle客戶端的版本等（8i開始支持TAF)；
2：大致上TAF可以分爲2種，連接時的TAF和會話建立後TAF；
3：TAF本身與是否RAC環境無關，但一般都用在RAC環境，最小程度的減少最應用的影響，單實例環境下也可以使用TAF，這樣使用PL/SQL developer連接數據庫，即使數據庫實例重啓，也不需要重新連接；
4：RAC環境下，還可以把TAF配置在服務器端；
5：配置listener.ora文件的GLOBAL_DBNAME參數後將會禁用TAF

擴展閱讀：
http://www.laoxiong.net/taf_part1.html

http://www.laoxiong.net/taf_part2.html

http://www.laoxiong.net/taf_part3.html

一：RAC環境下配置連接時的TAF，客戶端爲rhel6，當節點2關閉後，新建立的連接會連接到節點1

[root@rhel6 ~]# su - oracle  
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin  
[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ tail  tnsnames.ora   
RAC4 =  
  (DESCRIPTION =  
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.yang.com)(PORT = 1521))  
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.yang.com)(PORT = 1521))  
    (LOAD_BALANCE = yes)  
    (FAILOVER = yes)  
    (CONNECT_DATA =  
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)  
      (SERVICE_NAME = rac.yang.com)  
    )  
)  
 
[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ sqlplus sys/123456@rac4 as sysdba  
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Jan 29 13:26:19 2012  
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.  
 
Connected to:  
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production  
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining  
and Real Application Testing options  
 
SQL> col instance_name for a20  
SQL> col host_name for a40  
SQL> select instance_name,host_name from v$instance;  
 
INSTANCE_NAME        HOST_NAME  
-------------------- ----------------------------------------  
rac1                 rac1.yang.com  
 
SQL> conn sys/123456@rac4 as sysdba  
Connected.  
SQL> select instance_name,host_name from v$instance;  
 
INSTANCE_NAME        HOST_NAME  
-------------------- ----------------------------------------  
rac2                 rac2.yang.com  
 
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ srvctl stop instance -d rac -i rac2 -o immediate  
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ srvctl status database -d rac  
Instance rac1 is running on node rac1  
Instance rac2 is not running on node rac2  
 
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ sqlplus sys/123456@rac4 as sysdba  
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Jan 29 14:00:17 2012  
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.  
 
Connected to:  
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production  
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining  
and Real Application Testing options  
 
SQL> col instance_name for a20  
SQL> col host_name for a40  
SQL> select instance_name,host_name from v$instance;  
 
INSTANCE_NAME        HOST_NAME  
-------------------- ----------------------------------------  
rac1                 rac1.yang.com  
 
SQL> conn sys/123456@rac4 as sysdba  
Connected.  
SQL> select instance_name,host_name from v$instance;  
 
INSTANCE_NAME        HOST_NAME  
-------------------- ----------------------------------------  
rac1                 rac1.yang.com  
 
SQL> conn sys/123456@rac4 as sysdba  
Connected.  
SQL> select instance_name,host_name from v$instance;  
 
INSTANCE_NAME        HOST_NAME  
-------------------- ----------------------------------------  
rac1                 rac1.yang.com

2: RAC環境下客戶端的taf，10g的rac

[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin  
[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ tail -17 tnsnames.ora   
RAC =  
  (DESCRIPTION =  
    (ADDRESS_LIST =  
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.yang.com)(PORT = 1521))  
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.yang.com)(PORT = 1521))  
    )  
    (LOAD_BALANCE=YES)  
    (FAILOVER=YES)  
    (CONNECT_DATA =  
      (SERVICE_NAME = rac.yang.com)  
      (FAILOVER_MODE =  
       (TYPE = SELECT)  
       (METHOD = BASIC)  
       (RETRIES = 180)  
       (DELAY = 5))  
    )  
  )  
 
[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ sqlplus sys/123456@rac as sysdba  
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jan 30 19:14:50 2012  
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.  
 
Connected to:  
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production  
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining  
and Real Application Testing options  
 
SQL> SELECT SID FROM V$MYSTAT WHERE ROWNUM=1;  
 
       SID  
----------  
       148  
 
SQL> SELECT MACHINE, FAILOVER_TYPE, FAILOVER_METHOD, FAILED_OVER FROM V$SESSION WHERE SID=148;  
 
MACHINE              TYPE       METHOD      FAI  
-------------------- ---------- ----------- ---  
rhel6.yang.com       SELECT     BASIC       NO  
 
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;  
 
INSTANCE_NAME  
----------------  
rac1  
 
SQL> select * from dba_source; //構造長查詢  
 
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog  
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Mon Jan 30 19:20:18 2012  
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.  
 
SQL> conn /as sysdba  
Connected.  
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;  
 
INSTANCE_NAME  
------------------------------------------------  
rac1  
 
SQL> shutdown abort  
ORACLE instance shut down.  
 
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ srvctl status database -d rac  
Instance rac2 is running on node rac2  
Instance rac1 is not running on node rac1  
 
 
前面的長查詢將會繼續，可以看到會話的sid已經改變，連接到了節點2上  
295528 rows selected.  
 
SQL> SELECT SID FROM V$MYSTAT WHERE ROWNUM=1;  
 
       SID  
----------  
       130  
 
SQL> SELECT MACHINE, FAILOVER_TYPE, FAILOVER_METHOD, FAILED_OVER FROM V$SESSION WHERE SID=130;  
 
MACHINE              TYPE       METHOD      FAI  
-------------------- ---------- ----------- ---  
rhel6.yang.com       SELECT     BASIC       YES  
 
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;  
 
INSTANCE_NAME  
----------------  
rac2

3: RAC環境下客戶端的taf，11g的rac，11g的rac提供了scan地址的功能，大讚！

[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ tail -14 tnsnames.ora   
NODE =  
  (DESCRIPTION =  
    (ADDRESS_LIST =  
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac-scan.yang.com)(PORT = 1521))  
    )  
    (CONNECT_DATA =  
      (SERVICE_NAME = rac.yang.com)  
      (FAILOVER_MODE =  
       (TYPE = SELECT)  
       (METHOD = BASIC)  
       (RETRIES = 180)  
       (DELAY = 5))  
    )  
  )  
 
[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ sqlplus sys/Ab123456@node as sysdba  
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jan 30 20:41:00 2012  
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.  
Connected to:  
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production  
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,  
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options  
 
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;  
 
INSTANCE_NAME  
----------------  
node2  
 
SQL> select sid from v$mystat where rownum=1;  
 
       SID  
----------  
       141  
 
SQL> SELECT MACHINE, FAILOVER_TYPE, FAILOVER_METHOD, FAILED_OVER FROM V$SESSION WHERE SID=141;  
 
MACHINE              TYPE       METHOD      FAI  
-------------------- ---------- ----------- ---  
rhel6.yang.com       SELECT     BASIC       NO  
 
SQL> create table taf_test(id number,name varchar(20));  
Table created.  
 
SQL> insert into taf_test values (1,'zhangsan');  
1 row created.  
 
SQL> update taf_test set id=2 where id=1;  
1 row updated.

這個時候不提交，使用shutdown abort命令關閉節點2，會話將自動連接到節點1上，但需要輸入rollback命令回滾事務，否則不能執行正常的操作！

SQL> select * from taf_test;  
 
        ID NAME  
---------- ---------------  
         2 zhangsan  
 
[oracle@node2 ~]$ srvctl stop instance -d rac -i node2 -o abort  
[oracle@node2 ~]$ srvctl status database -d rac  
Instance node1 is running on node node1  
Instance node2 is not running on node node2  
 
SQL> select * from dual;  
select * from dual  
*  
ERROR at line 1:  
ORA-25402: transaction must roll back  
 
SQL> rollback;  
Rollback complete.  
 
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;  
 
INSTANCE_NAME  
----------------  
node1

4：服務器端的taf，在我的測試中配置失敗，詳情http://www.itpub.net/thread-1568414-1-1.html

2012年05月19日更新,http://t.askmaclean.com/viewthread.php?tid=1052&pid=5532&page=1&extra=page%3D1#pid5532

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ cat $TNS_ADMIN/listener.ora
LISTENER_RAC2 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.yang.com)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.42)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST))
    )
)

SID_LIST_LISTENER_RAC2 =
(SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
)

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ cat $TNS_ADMIN/tnsnames.ora
LISTENER_RAC2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.yang.com)(PORT = 1521))
    )
)

LISTENER_RAC1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.yang.com)(PORT = 1521))
    )
)

LISTENERS_RAC =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.yang.com)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.yang.com)(PORT = 1521))
    )
)

RAC2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.yang.com)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = rac.yang.com)
      (INSTANCE_NAME = rac2)
    )
)

RAC1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.yang.com)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = rac.yang.com)
      (INSTANCE_NAME = rac1)
    )
)

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Fri May 18 20:55:39 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select name from dba_services;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SYS$BACKGROUND
SYS$USERS
seeddataXDB
seeddata
racXDB
rac.yang.com
6 rows selected.

SQL> alter system set local_listener=LISTENER_RAC2 sid='rac2';
System altered.

SQL> alter system set local_listener=LISTENER_RAC1 sid='rac1';
System altered.

SQL> alter system set remote_listener=LISTENERS_RAC;
System altered.

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ srvctl add service -d rac -s taf -r rac1,rac2 -P basic
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ srvctl config service -d rac -s taf
taf PREF: rac1 rac2 AVAIL:

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ srvctl start service -d rac -s taf
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ srvctl status service -d rac -s taf
Service taf is running on instance(s) rac1, rac2

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Fri May 18 21:11:35 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> show parameter service;

NAME                                 TYPE
------------------------------------ ---------------------------------
VALUE
------------------------------
service_names                        string
taf, rac.yang.com

1 begin
2    dbms_service.modify_service(service_name        => 'taf',
3                     goal                => DBMS_SERVICE.goal_throughput,
4                     aq_ha_notifications => TRUE,
5                     failover_method     => DBMS_SERVICE.failover_method_basic,
6                     failover_type       => DBMS_SERVICE.failover_type_select,
7                     failover_retries    => 180,
8                     failover_delay      => 5,
9                     clb_goal            => DBMS_SERVICE.clb_goal_long);
10* end;
SQL> /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> col name format a15
SQL> col failover_method format a11 heading 'METHOD'
SQL> col failover_type format a10 heading 'TYPE'
SQL> col failover_retries format 9999999 heading 'RETRIES'
SQL> col goal format a10
SQL> col clb_goal format a8
SQL> col AQ_HA_NOTIFICATIONS format a5 heading 'AQNOT'

SQL> select name,service_id from dba_services where name='taf';

NAME            SERVICE_ID
--------------- ----------
taf                 7
SQL> select name, failover_method, failover_type, failover_retries,goal, clb_goal,aq_ha_notifications from dba_services where service_id = 7;

NAME            METHOD      TYPE        RETRIES GOAL       CLB_GOAL AQNOT
--------------- ----------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- -----
taf        BASIC       SELECT          180 THROUGHPUT LONG     YES

[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ tail -12 tnsnames.ora
TAF =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.141)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.142)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (LOAD_BALANCE=YES)
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = taf.yang.com)
    )
)
[oracle@rhel6 admin]$ sqlplus sys/123456@taf as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri May 18 23:19:08 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select sid from v$mystat where rownum=1;

       SID
----------
       129
SQL> col machine for a20
SQL> SELECT MACHINE, FAILOVER_TYPE, FAILOVER_METHOD, FAILED_OVER FROM V$SESSION WHERE SID=129;

MACHINE              TYPE       METHOD      FAI
-------------------- ---------- ----------- ---
rhel6.yang.com       NONE       NONE        NO

[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ sqlplus hr/hr@taf
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat May 19 10:04:12 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select sid from v$mystat where rownum=1;

       SID
----------
       147
SQL> col machine for a20
SQL> SELECT MACHINE, FAILOVER_TYPE, FAILOVER_METHOD, FAILED_OVER FROM V$SESSION WHERE SID=147;

MACHINE              TYPE       METHOD      FAI
-------------------- ---------- ----------- ---
rhel6.yang.com       SELECT     BASIC       NO

RAC環境下配置TAF (Final)

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