Oracle 10G DataGuard搭建

前面我們有講到Oracle 11G DataGuard的搭建,10G的搭建也是大同小異.不過Oracle 10G不支持Standby open

環境:

角色	主機名	IP	數據庫版本	操作系統版本
Primary	fdb1	192.168.10.8	10.2.0.1	CentOS 5.11 x86_64
Standby	fdb2	192.168.10.9	10.2.0.1	CentOS 5.11 x86_64

在fdb1的/etc/hosts中加入(fdb1)

127.0.0.1 fdb1
192.168.10.9    fdb2

在fdb2的/etc/hosts中加入(fdb2)

127.0.0.1 fdb2
192.168.10.8    fdb1

創建必要的目錄(fdb1,fdb2)

mkdir -p /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/admin/fengdb/{a,b,c,u}dump
mkdir /opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb -p
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/dbackup
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/fengdb/archivelog

查看當前的redo組(fdb1)

select group#,member from v$logfile;
//增加standby日誌組
alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/standby04.log') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/standby05.log') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/standby06.log') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/standby07.log') size 50m;

創建原始參數文件用於備份(fdb1)

create pfile='/tmp/fengdb.pfile.ori' from spfile;

修改相關參數用於DataGuard環境，注意此處與Oracle 11G不同(fdb1)

alter system set db_unique_name=fdb1 scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(fdb1,fdb2)' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_1= 'location=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/fengdb/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles)  db_unique_name=fdb1' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_2= 'service=fdb2 async  valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)  db_unique_name=fdb2' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest='' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable scope=spfile;
alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=spfile;
alter system set fal_server=fdb2 scope=spfile;
alter system set fal_client=fdb1 scope=spfile;
alter system set db_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area','/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area','/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area' scope=spfile;

注意：與Oracle 11G不同的地方有:

alter system set log_archive_dest='' scope=spfile;

否則可能出現ORA-16019: cannot use LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 with LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST or LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST

以及上面都是直接修改spfile的，不修改當前運行中的參數

scope=spfile

執行上面的語句其實就是改了下面的一些參數

*.db_unique_name='fdb1'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(fdb1,fdb2)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/fengdb/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles)  db_unique_name=fdb1'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=fdb2 async  valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)  db_unique_name=fdb2'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'

*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.fal_client='fdb1'

*.fal_server='fdb2'

*.db_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area','/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

*.log_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area','/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

*.log_archive_dest=''

重啓數據庫以使數據庫生效(fdb1)

shutdown  immediate
startup

 

修改監聽(fdb1)

vim $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

fdb1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = fdb1)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = fdb1)
    )
  )

fdb2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = fdb2)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = fdb2)
    )
  )

RMAN備份(fdb1)

rman target /
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup format '/opt/oracle/dbackup/fengdb_%T_%s_%p' database;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup format '/opt/oracle/dbackup/archive_log_%T_%s_%p' archivelog all;
backup spfile format '/opt/oracle/dbackup/spfile_%u_%T.bak';
release channel c1;
}
copy current controlfile for standby to '/opt/oracle/dbackup/standby.ctl';

將備份及監聽文件和密碼文件全部複製到fdb2上（fdb1）

scp -r /opt/oracle/dbackup/* fdb2:/opt/oracle/dbackup

scp -r $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/* fdb2:$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/

scp -r $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/* fdb2:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/

在fdb2上執行如下對數據庫進行恢復(fdb2)

RMAN> startup nomount;

RMAN> restore spfile to pfile '/tmp/fengdb.pfile' from '/opt/oracle/dbackup/spfile_rmrioont_20161019.bak';

RMAN> shutdown immediate;

然後修改/etc/fengdb.pfile成如下的紅色部分

*.db_unique_name='fdb2'

*.fal_client='fdb2'

*.fal_server='fdb1'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(fdb2,fdb1)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/fengdb/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles)  db_unique_name=fdb2'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=fdb1 async  valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)  db_unique_name=fdb1'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'

*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'

備庫複製控制文件(fdb2)

cp /opt/oracle/dbackup/standby.ctl /opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/control01.ctl

cp /opt/oracle/dbackup/standby.ctl /opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/control02.ctl

cp /opt/oracle/dbackup/standby.ctl /opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/control03.ctl

啓動至mount狀態進行數據的恢復

RMAN> startup mount;
RMAN> restore database;

啓動備庫應用日誌

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

創建參數文件

SQL> create spfile from pfile='/tmp/fengdb.pfile';

注意:Oracle 10G與11G的區別:

10G備庫只能啓動到mount狀態，而11G可以啓動到open read only.

檢查日誌是否同步(fdb1,fdb2)

select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

也可以試着切換下日誌

//切換日誌
alter system switch logfile;
select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

在主庫：(fdb1)

select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2= enable;

查詢角色(fdb1,fdb2)

select open_mode,database_role from v$database;

如果在備庫上

SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

no rows selected

而且監聽都是正常的，則有可能就是密碼沒複製過來

保持主庫密碼和備庫密碼一致

複製密碼文件(fdb1)

scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID fdb2:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID

Oracle 10G主備切換

db1---primary/db2---standby   ===》db2--primary/db1--standby

[oracle@fdb1 ~]$ lsnrctl stop

(fdb1)SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;

(fdb1)SQL> shutdown immediate;

(fdb1)SQL> startup mount;

(fdb1)SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

//在執行這條的時候，如果出現

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01665: control file is not a standby control file

則是沒有執行alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;

若出現ORA-38500: USING CURRENT LOGFILE option not available without stand

這種情況出現在主備切換之後，備再切換回主的情況下出現

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/redo03.log

/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdbredo02.log

/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/redo01.log

增加standby flog即可

alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/standby04.log') size 50m;

alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/standby05.log') size 50m;

alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/standby06.log') size 50m;

alter database add standby logfile ('/opt/oracle/oradata/fengdb/standby07.log') size 50m;

[oracle@fdb1 ~]$ lsnrctl start

(fdb2)SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;

注意：

若出現ORA-16139: media recovery required，執行如下語句:

SQL> ALTER  DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY  DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;

如果出現,則可能是已打開了會話,加上with session shutdown強制關閉繪畫

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01093: ALTER DATABASE CLOSE only permitted with no sessions connected

SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;

(fdb2)SQL> shutdown immediate;

(fdb2)SQL> startup;