centos6.5下postgresql9.4.3同步流複製的standby安裝與配置

一、同步流複製的架構

         PostgreSQL從9.1版本之後提供了同步複製的架構。同步複製要求在數據寫入Standby數據庫後，事務的commit才返回,所以Standby庫出現問題時，會導致主庫被hang住。解決這個問題的方法是啓動兩個Standby數據庫，這兩個standby數據庫只要有一個是正常的，就不會讓主庫hang住。所以在實際應用中，同步流複製，總是有1個主庫和2個以上的Standby庫。

二、同步複製的配置

         實現同步複製功能主要是在主庫上配置參數"synchronous_standby_names",這個參數指定多個Standby的名稱,各個名稱通過逗號分隔，而Standby名稱是在Standby連接到主庫時，由連接參數"application_name"指定的。要使用同步複製，在Standby數據庫中,recovery.conf

裏的primary_conninfo一定要指定連接參數"application_name"。recovery.conf的示例如下:

standby_mode = 'on'

primary_conninfo = 'application_name=standby01 user=repluesr password=XXXXXX host=172.16.0.111 port=5432 sslmode=disable sslcompression=1'

三、系統環境

系統平臺：centos6.5

PostgreSQL版本：postgresql9.4.3

防火牆關閉/iptables

selinux設置成

SELINUX=disabled

 

主機名	IP地址	角色	數據目錄
postgresql01	172.16.0.111	主庫	/home/postgres/pgsql/data
postgresql02	172.16.0.112	Standby	/home/postgres/pgsql/data
postgresql03	172.16.0.113	Standby	/home/postgres/pgsql/data

 

四、源碼包安裝

1、在三臺安裝依賴包

yum -y install gcc*

yum -y install readline-devel

2、在三臺增加用戶

# adduser postgres

# passwd postgres

Changing password for user postgres.

New password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic

BAD PASSWORD: is too simple

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

注意：主庫安裝與配置好後，在把全部的文件拷備到standby中。

以下是主庫操作

 

3. 下載PostgreSQL 源碼包

# wget http://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.4.3/postgresql-9.4.3.tar.bz2

4. 解壓源碼包

# tar xjf postgresql-9.4.3.tar.bz2

5. 進入解壓後的目錄

# cd postgresql-9.4.3

6.開始編譯安裝PostgreSQL 數據庫。

[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# ./configure --prefix=/home/postgres/pgsql

[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]#gmake

[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# gmake install

7.設置環境

[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# cd /home/postgres/

[root@postgresql01 postgres]# ls

pgsql

[root@postgresql01 postgres]# vi .bash_profile

把 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

改成 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/postgres/pgsql/bin

保存退出。

讓環境變量生效

[root@postgresql01 postgres]# source .bash_profile

8.初始化數據庫

8.1新建數據目錄

[root@postgresql01 postgres]# mkdir /home/postgres/pgsql/data

8.2更改權限

[root@postgresql01 postgres]# chown postgres:postgres /home/postgres/pgsql/data

8.3切換到postgres用戶

[root@postgresql01 postgres]# su - postgres

8.4init db

[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ /home/postgres/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /home/postgres/pgsql/data

到這裏數據的初始化就完成

9.系統服務

9.1回到root用戶

[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ exit

9.2複製安裝目錄下的linux文件/etc/init.d/

進入postgresql的安裝目錄

[root@postgresql01 postgres]# cd /root/postgresql-9.4.3/

[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# cp contrib/start-scripts/linux /etc/init.d/postgresql

9.3修改/etc/init.d/postgresql  注意：紅色是修改部分

[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# vi /etc/init.d/postgresql

#! /bin/sh

 

# chkconfig: 2345 98 02

# description: PostgreSQL RDBMS

 

# This is an example of a start/stop script for SysV-style init, such

# as is used on Linux systems.  You should edit some of the variables

# and maybe the 'echo' commands.

#

# Place this file at /etc/init.d/postgresql (or

# /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql) and make symlinks to

#   /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K02postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K02postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K02postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S98postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S98postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgresql

# Or, if you have chkconfig, simply:

# chkconfig --add postgresql

#

# Proper init scripts on Linux systems normally require setting lock

# and pid files under /var/run as well as reacting to network

# settings, so you should treat this with care.

 

# Original author:  Ryan Kirkpatrick <[email protected]>

 

# contrib/start-scripts/linux

 

## EDIT FROM HERE

 

# Installation prefix

prefix=/home/postgres /pgsql

 

# Data directory

PGDATA="/home/postgres/pgsql/data"

# Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres".  (NOT "root")

PGUSER=postgres

 

# Where to keep a log file

PGLOG="$PGDATA/serverlog"

 

# It's often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the

# OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because

# of the way it accounts for shared memory).  Setting the OOM_SCORE_ADJ value

# to -1000 will disable OOM kill altogether.  If you enable this, you probably

# want to compile PostgreSQL with "-DLINUX_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=0", so that

# individual backends can still be killed by the OOM killer.

#OOM_SCORE_ADJ=-1000

# Older Linux kernels may not have /proc/self/oom_score_adj, but instead

# /proc/self/oom_adj, which works similarly except the disable value is -17.

# For such a system, enable this and compile with "-DLINUX_OOM_ADJ=0".

#OOM_ADJ=-17

 

## STOP EDITING HERE

 

# The path that is to be used for the script

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

 

# What to use to start up the postmaster.  (If you want the script to wait

# until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start -w" here.

# But without -w, pg_ctl adds no value.)

DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster"

 

# What to use to shut down the postmaster

PGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl"

 

set -e

 

# Only start if we can find the postmaster.

test -x $DAEMON ||

{

        echo "$DAEMON not found"

        if [ "$1" = "stop" ]

        then exit 0

        else exit 5

        fi

}

 

 

# Parse command line parameters.

case $1 in

  start)

        echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: "

        test x"$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_score_adj

        test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj

        su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1

        echo "ok"

        ;;

  stop)

        echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: "

        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast"

        echo "ok"

        ;;

  restart)

        echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: "

        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast -w"

        test x"$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_score_adj

        test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj

        su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1

        echo "ok"

        ;;

  reload)

        echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: "

        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D '$PGDATA' -s"

        echo "ok"

        ;;

status)

        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D '$PGDATA'"

        ;;

  *)

        # Print help

        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2

        exit 1

        ;;

esac

 

exit 0

 

9.4啓動數據庫

[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# /etc/init.d/postgresql start

9.5讓數據庫開機啓動

[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# chkconfig --add postgresql

[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# chkconfig postgresql on

9.6創建數據操作歷史記錄文件

[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# touch /home/postgres/pgsql/.pgsql_history

[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# chown postgres:postgres /home/postgres/pgsql/.pgsql_history

10.測試使用

[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ createdb test

[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ psql test

psql (9.4.3)

Type "help" for help.

 

test=#

源碼編譯安裝成功

 

五、配置同步流複製

配置如下：

1.在主庫增加同步的用戶名與密碼

[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ psql -d postgres

psql (9.4.3)

Type "help" for help.

 

postgres=# CREATE ROLE repluser REPLICATION LOGIN PASSWORD 'zhf#2015';

CREATE ROLE

postgres=#

 

2.在主庫postgresql01上進行配置

修改以下參數

在主庫的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf中做如下配置：

[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ vi /home/postgres/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf

增加以下：

host    replication     repluser        172.16.0.0/24           md5

2.在主庫postgreso1的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf中設置如下三個參數

[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ vi /home/postgres/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf

 

isten_addresses = '*'

max_wal_senders = 5 

wal_level = hot_standby

 

3.在主數據上指定同步複製的Standby名稱，在postgresql01的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf增加如下一行：

 

synchronous_standby_names = 'standby01,standby02'

 

4.停止主庫postgresql

[root@postgresql01 ~]# /etc/init.d/postgresql stop

 

5.把主庫安裝文件拷備到兩臺standby中

[root@postgresql01 ~]# scp -r /home/postgres/pgsql 172.16.0.112:/home/postgres/

 

[root@postgresql01 ~]# scp -r /home/postgres/pgsql 172.16.0.113:/home/postgres/

 

[root@postgresql01 ~]# scp -r /etc/init.d/postgresql 172.16.0.112:/etc/init.d/

 

[root@postgresql01 ~]# scp -r /etc/init.d/postgresql 172.16.0.113:/etc/init.d/

 

6.在兩臺standby中設置權限兩臺都操作如下：

[root@postgresql02 ~]# cd /home/postgres/pgsql/

[root@postgresql02 pgsql]# chown -R postgres:postgres data

[root@postgresql02 pgsql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/postgresql

 

[root@postgresql02 postgres]# chkconfig --add postgresql

[root@postgresql02 postgres]# chkconfig postgresql on

 

 

[root@postgresql03 ~]# cd /home/postgres/pgsql/

[root@postgresql03 pgsql]# chown -R postgres:postgres data

[root@postgresql03 pgsql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/postgresql

 

[root@postgresql03 postgres]# chkconfig --add postgresql

[root@postgresql03 postgres]# chkconfig postgresql on

 

7. 在兩臺standby中設置環境變量兩臺都操作如下：

[root@postgresql02 pgsql]# cd /home/postgres/

把 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

改成 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/postgres/pgsql/bin

保存退出。

讓環境變量生效：

[root@postgresql02 postgres]# source .bash_profile

 

[root@postgresql03 pgsql]# cd /home/postgres/

把 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

改成 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/postgres/pgsql/bin

保存退出。

讓環境變量生效：

[root@postgresql03 postgres]# source .bash_profile

 

 

8.在備庫postgresql02上進行配置

把配置文件拷過來

[root@postgresql02 postgres]# su - postgres

[postgres@postgresql02 ~]$ cd pgsql/data/

[postgres@postgresql02 data]$ cp /home/postgres/pgsql/share/recovery.conf.sample  ./recovery.conf

 

在postgresql02的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/recovery.conf中的配置“primary_conninfo”裏增加 連接參數“appliction_name”,如下：

standby_mode = on

primary_conninfo = 'application_name=standby01 user=repluser password=zhf#2015 host=172.16.0.111 port=5432 sslmode=disable sslcompression=1'

在postgresql02的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf中的配置參數

hot_standby = on 

 

完成配置後，啓動數據庫，如下： 

[root@postgresql02 postgres]# /etc/init.d/postgresql start

 

9.在備庫postgresql03上進行配置

把配置文件拷過來

[root@postgresql03 postgres]# su - postgres

[postgres@postgresql03 ~]$ cd pgsql/data/

[postgres@postgresql03 data]$ cp /home/postgres/pgsql/share/recovery.conf.sample  ./recovery.conf

 

在postgresql03的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/recovery.conf中的配置“primary_conninfo”裏增加 連接參數“appliction_name”,如下：

standby_mode = on

primary_conninfo = 'application_name=standby02 user=repluser password=zhf#2015 host=172.16.0.111 port=5432 sslmode=disable sslcompression=1'

在postgresql03的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf中的配置參數

hot_standby = on 

完成配置後，啓動數據庫，如下： 

[root@postgresql03 postgres]# /etc/init.d/postgresql start

 

10.啓動主庫 postgresql01

 

11.測試在主庫中

[postgres@postgresql01 data]$ psql test

psql (9.4.3)

Type "help" for help.

 

test=# create table test01(id int primary key,note text);

CREATE TABLE

test=# insert into test01 values(1,'1111111');

INSERT 0 1

test=# insert into test01 values(2,'2222222');

INSERT 0 1

 

在備庫查詢數據

在備庫postgresql02中查看

[postgres@postgresql02 ~]$ psql test

psql (9.4.3)

Type "help" for help.

 

test=# select * from test01;

 id |  note  

----+---------

  1 | 1111111

  2 | 2222222

(2 rows)

 

test=#

 

在備庫postgresql03中查看

 

[root@postgresql03 postgres]# su - postgres

[postgres@postgresql03 ~]$ psql test

psql (9.4.3)

Type "help" for help.

 

test=# select * from test01;

 id |  note  

----+---------

  1 | 1111111

  2 | 2222222

(2 rows)

 

test=#