修改及查看mysql數據庫的字符集 | |
Liunx下修改MySQL字符集: 1.查找MySQL的cnf文件的位置 find / -iname '*.cnf' -print /usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf /usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf /usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf /usr/share/texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf /usr/share/texmf/web2c/fmtutil.cnf /usr/share/texmf/tex/xmltex/xmltexfmtutil.cnf /usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/jadefmtutil.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-large.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-small.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-medium.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-huge.cnf 2. 拷貝 small.cnf、my-medium.cnf、my-huge.cnf、my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf其中的一個到/etc下,命名爲my.cnf cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf 3. 修改my.cnf vi /etc/my.cnf 在[client]下添加 default-character-set=utf8 在[mysqld]下添加 default-character-set=utf8 4.重新啓動MySQL [root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart Shutting down MySQL [ 確定 ] Starting MySQL. [ 確定 ] [root@bogon ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.1.22-rc-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL) Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. 5.查看字符集設置 mysql> show variables like 'collation_%'; +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.02 sec) mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.02 sec) mysql> 其他的一些設置方法: 修改數據庫的字符集 mysql>use mydb mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8; 創建數據庫指定數據庫的字符集 mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8; 通過配置文件修改: 修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt default-character-set=latin1 default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci 爲 default-character-set=utf8 default-collation=utf8_general_ci 重起MySQL: [root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart 通過MySQL命令行修改: mysql> set character_set_client=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_database=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_results=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_server=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_system=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_connection=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_database=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_server=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) 查看: mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.03 sec) mysql> show variables like 'collation_%'; +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.04 sec) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 【知識性文章轉載】 MYSQL 字符集問題 MySQL的字符集支持(Character Set Support)有兩個方面: 字符集(Character set)和排序方式(Collation)。 對於字符集的支持細化到四個層次: 服務器(server),數據庫(database),數據表(table)和連接(connection)。 1.MySQL默認字符集 MySQL對於字符集的指定可以細化到一個數據庫,一張表,一列,應該用什麼字符集。 但是,傳統的程序在創建數據庫和數據表時並沒有使用那麼複雜的配置,它們用的是默認的配置,那麼,默認的配置從何而來呢? (1)編譯MySQL 時,指定了一個默認的字符集,這個字符集是 latin1; (2)安裝MySQL 時,可以在配置文件 (my.ini) 中指定一個默認的的字符集,如果沒指定,這個值繼承自編譯時指定的; (3)啓動mysqld 時,可以在命令行參數中指定一個默認的的字符集,如果沒指定,這個值繼承自配置文件中的配置,此時 character_set_server 被設定爲這個默認的字符集; (4)當創建一個新的數據庫時,除非明確指定,這個數據庫的字符集被缺省設定爲character_set_server; (5)當選定了一個數據庫時,character_set_database 被設定爲這個數據庫默認的字符集; (6)在這個數據庫裏創建一張表時,表默認的字符集被設定爲 character_set_database,也就是這個數據庫默認的字符集; (7)當在表內設置一欄時,除非明確指定,否則此欄缺省的字符集就是表默認的字符集; 簡單的總結一下,如果什麼地方都不修改,那麼所有的數據庫的所有表的所有欄位的都用 latin1 存儲,不過我們如果安裝 MySQL,一般都會選擇多語言支持,也就是說,安裝程序會自動在配置文件中把 default_character_set 設置爲 UTF-8,這保證了缺省情況下,所有的數據庫的所有表的所有欄位的都用 UTF-8 存儲。 2.查看默認字符集(默認情況下,mysql的字符集是latin1(ISO_8859_1) 通常,查看系統的字符集和排序方式的設定可以通過下面的兩條命令: mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%'; +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%'; +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3.修改默認字符集 (1) 最簡單的修改方法,就是修改mysql的my.ini文件中的字符集鍵值, 如 default-character-set = utf8 character_set_server = utf8 修改完後,重啓mysql的服務,service mysql restart 使用 mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';查看,發現數據庫編碼均已改成utf8 +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ (2) 還有一種修改字符集的方法,就是使用mysql的命令 mysql> SET character_set_client = utf8 ; |
修改及查看mysql數據庫的字符集
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