（一）NOLOGGING操作引起的壞塊（ORA-01578和ORA-26040）簡介
如果只是錯誤ORA-01578，而沒有伴隨ORA-26040，那麼這個壞塊是由其它的原因引起的壞塊，可以嘗試使用RMAN的BMR（Block Media Recovery）修復。
如果數據段（表段、索引段）被定義爲NOLOGGING屬性，那麼當NOLOGGING加APPEND、UNRECOVERABLE操作修改該數據段或者使用數據泵（DATAPUMP）impdp參數DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:Y時，聯機重做日誌只會記錄很少的日誌信息。如果這些聯機重做日誌或歸檔日誌被用來恢復數據文件，那麼Oracle會將對應的數據塊標誌爲無效（Soft Corrupt），而且下一次訪問這些數據塊時，會報ORA-01578和ORA-26040錯誤。
例如：
SQL> select * from test_nologging;
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 11, block # 84)
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/oradata/users.dbf'
ORA-26040: Data block was loaded using the NOLOGGING option
數據字典視圖DBA_TABLES、DBA_INDEXES、DBA_LOBS、DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS、DBA_LOB_PARTITIONS、DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS中的LOGGING列記錄了NOLOGGING屬性。若LOGGING='NO'則表示NOLOGGING。
數據泵DATAPUMP的impdp參數DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:Y在執行導入時會禁止LOGGING定義，而產生NOLOGGING操作。如果相應的datafile被restored和recovered，那麼接下來的涉及到目標表的查詢會報錯ORA-1578和ORA-26040。如果數據庫是FORCE LOGGING模式，那麼DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING選項不會關閉LOGGING。
impdp使用參數“DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:Y”的一個例子:
impdp scott/tiger directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=dp transform=disable_archive_logging:y
NOLOGGING導致的壞塊不會導致RMAN備份失敗。一般來說soft corrupt block不會導致RMAN備份失敗，不需要設置MAXCORRUPT。數據庫備份中就會含有soft corrupt block，如果使用這些備份恢復數據，那麼恢復的數據也含有soft corrupt block。
除ORA-26040錯誤之外，當還有一些其他通用信息出現時，block dump可能會被產生。如果數據塊的block dump內有byte 0xff信息或者屬於某個段，ORA-1578和ORA-26040會因爲介質恢復了NOLOGGING的部分導致了corruption而出現。
（二）利用RMAN、DBV檢測NOLOGGING導致的壞塊
DBV在檢測壞塊時，如果RDBMS版本小於10.2.0.4，那麼DBV打印錯誤DBV-200，如果RDBMS版本大於或等於10.2.0.4，那麼DBV打印錯誤DBV-201：
DBV-00200: Block, dba 46137428, already marked corrupted
DBV-00201: Block, DBA 46137428, marked corrupt for invalid redo application
RMAN的VALIDATE命令可以用來檢測NOLOGGING數據塊，檢查結果記錄在視圖V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION（小於12c的版本）和V$NONLOGGED_BLOCK（12c及其以上）。
下面的例子中檢查出DATAFILE 4有933壞塊，查詢V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION或者V$NONLOGGED_BLOCK。
RMAN> VALIDATE DATABASE;
...
.....
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
4 OK 933 1 6401 2275124
File Name: /oracle/dbs/users.dbf
RMAN在檢測壞塊時，如果RDBMS版本小於10.2.0.5和11.1.0.7，RMAN打印如下錯誤：
10.2.0.4 and lower, 11.1.0.6, 11.1.0.7:
RMAN validate reports it in v$database_block_corruption with CORRUPTION_TYPE=LOGICAL
如果RDBMS版本大於或等於10.2.0.5和11.2.0.1，RMAN報告，查看視圖v$database_block_corruption中CORRUPTION_TYPE=NOLOGGING的記錄。
10.2.0.5 and 11.2.0.1+:
RMAN validate reports it in v$database_block_corruption with CORRUPTION_TYPE=NOLOGGING
在12c及以後版本中，RMAN validate的結果不在視圖v$database_block_corruption中，而是在視圖v$nonlogged_block。從12.2 版本開始，可以使用新的命令：“validate .. nonlogged block”去驗證nologging的block。
在以下的例子中，數據文件5和6有nologged的block：
RMAN> validate database nonlogged block;
Starting validate at ...
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=133 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting validation of datafile
channel ORA_DISK_1: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
List of Datafiles
=================
File Status Nonlogged Blocks Blocks Examined Blocks Skipped
---- ------ ---------------- --------------- --------------
1 OK 0 106363 0
2 OK 0 78919 0
3 OK 0 96639 0
4 OK 0 4991 0
5 OK 400 2559 0
6 OK 569 2559 0
Details of nonlogged blocks can be queried from v$nonlogged_block view
在告警日誌中會更新以下信息：
Started Nonlogged Block Replacement recovery(validate) on file 5 (ospid 26351 rcvid 10616970560844821494)
Finished Nonlogged Block Replacement recovery(validate) on file 5. 400 blocks found
Started Nonlogged Block Replacement recovery(validate) on file 6 (ospid 26351 rcvid 10616970560844821494)
Finished Nonlogged Block Replacement recovery(validate) on file 6. 569 blocks found
（三）監控NOLOGGING操作
若執行了NOLOGGING操作，並且之後在沒有備份的情況下，RMAN命令“REPORT UNRECOVERABLE”可以查詢出被影響的datafile。
RMAN> report unrecoverable;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
Report of files that need backup due to unrecoverable operations
File Type of Backup Required Name
---- ----------------------- -----------------------------------
4 full or incremental /oracle/dbs/users.dbf
當初始化參數db_unrecoverable_scn_tracking設置爲true（默認值，該參數在10g中是不可用的），那麼V$DATAFILE中以下列會被更新；
SYS@lhr121> select UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# ,
2 UNRECOVERABLE_TIME ,
3 FIRST_NONLOGGED_SCN ,
4 FIRST_NONLOGGED_TIME from v$datafile where file#=6;
UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# UNRECOVERABLE_TIME FIRST_NONLOGGED_SCN FIRST_NONLOGGED_TIM
--------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
2878238 2018-04-10 10:53:47 2878238 2018-04-10 10:53:47
在11.2.0.4 或12.1.0.2+版本中，設置event 16490的情況下，物理備庫的MRP進程會檢查出NOLOGGING變化，並記錄在alert log。
ORA-16490 "logging invalidated blocks on standby due to invalidation redo"
"INVD_BLKS: Invalidating (file <file number>, bno <block number>)"
"fname: 'Datafile name'. rdba: ..."
（四）識別數據塊什麼時候被標誌爲NOLOGGING
識別數據塊什麼時候被標誌爲NOLOGGING，可以將trace文件中數據塊SCN或者v$database_block_coruption視圖中CORRUPTION_CHANGE#值轉換爲時間：
① 使用trace文件中數據塊SCN，例如：
Start dump data blocks tsn: 60 file#: 4 minblk 84 maxblk 84
buffer tsn: 3 rdba: 0x02c00054 (11/84)
scn: 0x0771.4fa24eb5 seq: 0xff flg: 0x04 tail: 0x4eb500ff
提取SCN值0x0771.4fa24eb5,刪除'.'，然後轉換0x07714fa24eb到十進制511453045995。
② 使用v$database_block_coruption視圖中CORRUPTION_CHANGE#值
如果運行RMAN validate命令後，v$database_block_coruption視圖中corruption_type='NOLOGGING' (10.2.0.5 和 11.2.0.1+)，那麼CORRUPTION_CHANGE#列的值就是十進制的SCN值。可以使用下面的方法獲得SCN Timestamp時間：
select scn_to_timestamp(&&decimal_scn) from dual;
如果運行RMAN validate:
select file#, block#, scn_to_timestamp(CORRUPTION_CHANGE#)
from v$database_block_corruption
where CORRUPTION_TYPE='NOLOGGING';
在12c中：
select file#, block#, scn_to_timestamp(NONLOGGED_START_CHANGE#) from v$nonlogged_block;
如果查詢gv$archived_log 或 gv$log_history遇到錯誤ORA-08181:
alter session set nls_date_format = 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS';
select first_time, next_time
from gv$archived_log
where &decimal_scn between first_change# and next_change#;
或
select first_time
from gv$log_history
where &decimal_scn between first_change# and next_change#;
如果運行RMAN validate:
alter session set nls_date_format = 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS';
select file#, block#, first_time, next_time
from v$archived_log, v$database_block_corruption
where CORRUPTION_CHANGE# between first_change# and next_change#
and CORRUPTION_TYPE='NOLOGGING';
或
select file#,block#,first_time
from v$log_history, v$database_block_corruption
where CORRUPTION_CHANGE# between first_change# and next_change#
and CORRUPTION_TYPE='NOLOGGING';
12c:
alter session set nls_date_format = 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS';
select file#, block#, first_time, next_time
from v$nonlogged_block, v$archived_log
where NONLOGGED_START_CHANGE# between first_change# and next_change#;
或
select file#, block#, first_time
from v$nonlogged_block, v$log_history
where NONLOGGED_START_CHANGE# between first_change# and next_change#;
（五）SYSAUX表空間、AWR、EM等出現NOARCHIVELOG和NOLOGGING問題
如果數據庫版本是11.1.0.6 或 11.1.0.7 或 11.2.0.1，對NOLOGGING對象執行過DIRECT PATH操作，並且後續執行了RECOVER DATABASE命令，即使數據庫FORCE LOGGING是打開的情況下，會出現ORA-1578和ORA-26040錯誤。這種問題經常發生在SYSAUX表空間中的AWR或EM對象。請參考Note 1071869.1。注意數據庫當前版本可能已經大於11.1 或者 11.2.0.1但是問題可能是在升級之前產生的。這個約束在11.2.0.2以上版本中取消，這個問題在10g不會發生。
RDBMS版本變化：
RDBMS版本 | 變化 |
10.2.0.4+ | DBverify報告NOLOGGING block錯誤信息 "DBV-00201: Block, DBA <rdba>, marked corrupt for invalid redo application" |
10.2.0.5, 10.2.0.1+ | RMAN validate命令檢查NOLOGGING block，在v$database_block_coruption視圖中記錄corruption_type='NOLOGGING' |
11g+ | 引入db_unrecoverable_scn_tracking參數 |
11.1.0.6 or 11.1.0.7 or 11.2.0.1 | NOARCHIVELOG模式數據庫，對NOLOGGING對象執行了DIRECT PATH操作，並且以後手動恢復數據庫，即使打開了FORCE LOGGING，也會報ORA-1578 和 ORA-26040。這個約束在11.2.0.2以上版本取消，這個問題在10g不會發生。 |
12c | RMAN validate的結果不在視圖v$database_block_corruption中，而是在視圖v$nonlogged_block |
12.2 | 以下RMAN命令被引入： RMAN> validate [database / datafile] nonlogged block; RMAN> recover [database / datafile] nonlogged block; -> 對於 Standby 數據庫 |
（六）解決方法
NOLOGGING操作引起的壞塊是不能修復的，比如“Media Recovery”或“RMAN blockrecover”都無法修復這種壞塊。可行的方法是在NOLOGGING操作之後立刻備份對應的數據文件。
如果錯誤是執行RMAN DUPLICATE 或 RESTORE之後產生的，那麼在源庫打開FORCE LOGGING，然後再重新運行RMAN DUPLICATE 或 RESTORE。
alter database force logging;
如果錯誤出現在物理STANDBY數據庫，那麼可以從主庫恢復被影響的數據文件（只有當主庫沒有這個問題的情況下）。參考文檔Doc ID 958181.1。在Oracle 12c中可以使用RMAN選項RECOVER NONLOGGED BLOCK with DATAFILE、TABLESPACE、DATABASE。例如：
RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE NONLOGGED BLOCK;
爲了避免這個問題發生，在主庫強制生產日誌：
alter database force logging;
如果同一個datafile的數據塊在主庫出現nologging壞塊，但是備庫沒有，可以通過手動跳過(dbms_repair)壞塊或者設置event 10231。主庫出現nologging壞塊可能是由於主庫執行過備份恢復或者之前是備庫，執行了switchover。
如果NOLOGGING數據塊位於空閒數據塊（dba_free_space視圖可以查詢到），那麼DBVerify檢查會發現這個問題，報錯DBV-00201或者在v$database_block_corruption視圖中顯示。對於這種情況，可以等待到這個數據塊被重用時會自動格式化或者手動強制格式化。
如果是索引，那麼可以重新創建（drop/create）索引。如果是表，那麼可以使用存儲過程DBMS_REPAIR.SKIP_CORRUPT_BLOCKS跳過壞塊，然後考慮是否重建表。
在刪除有壞塊的段之後，這個壞塊就處於空閒狀態，後續可以被分配給其他對象或段，當這個壞塊被分配給其它對象或段時，這個數據塊被重新格式化。如果v$database_block_corruption視圖中還是顯示爲壞塊，那麼可以手動運行rman validate來清除視圖中的信息。
如果是LOB，那麼請參考Note 293515.1。
實驗一：DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:Y
RMAN> list backupset of datafile 6;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
12 Full 352.78M DISK 00:03:21 2018-04-09 14:50:59
BP Key: 12 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20180409T144738
Piece Name: /u04/flash_recovery_area/LHR121/backupset/2018_04_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180409T144738_fdp34bfm_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 12
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
6 Full 2865977 2018-04-09 14:47:38 /u04/oradata/lhr121/users01.dbf
[oracle@rhel6lhr env_oracle]$ impdp scott/tiger dumpfile=log.dmp tables=T_LOG TRANSFORM=DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:Y remap_schema=LHR:SCOTT
Import: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Tue Apr 10 10:53:17 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
ORA-39002: invalid operation
ORA-39166: Object SCOTT.T_LOG was not found or could not be exported or imported.
[oracle@rhel6lhr env_oracle]$ impdp lhr/lhr dumpfile=log.dmp tables=T_LOG TRANSFORM=DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:Y remap_schema=LHR:SCOTT
Import: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Tue Apr 10 10:53:40 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
Master table "LHR"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_02" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "LHR"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_02": lhr/******** dumpfile=log.dmp tables=T_LOG TRANSFORM=DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:Y remap_schema=LHR:SCOTT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT"."T_LOG" 34.24 KB 9 rows
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER
Job "LHR"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_02" successfully completed at Tue Apr 10 10:54:14 2018 elapsed 0 00:00:32
[oracle@rhel6lhr env_oracle]$ rm -rf /u04/oradata/lhr121/users01.dbf
[oracle@rhel6lhr env_oracle]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Tue Apr 10 10:55:09 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: LHR121 (DBID=3221842516)
RMAN> restore datafile 6;
Starting restore at 2018-04-10 10:55:17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=29 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u04/oradata/lhr121/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u04/flash_recovery_area/LHR121/backupset/2018_04_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180409T144738_fdp34bfm_.bkp
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 04/10/2018 10:55:20
ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /u04/flash_recovery_area/LHR121/backupset/2018_04_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180409T144738_fdp34bfm_.bkp
ORA-19573: cannot obtain exclusive enqueue for datafile 6
RMAN> startup force mount
Oracle instance started
database mounted
Total System Global Area 658505728 bytes
Fixed Size 2927864 bytes
Variable Size 285213448 bytes
Database Buffers 364904448 bytes
Redo Buffers 5459968 bytes
RMAN> restore datafile 6;
Starting restore at 2018-04-10 10:57:02
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=12 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u04/oradata/lhr121/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u04/flash_recovery_area/LHR121/backupset/2018_04_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180409T144738_fdp34bfm_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u04/flash_recovery_area/LHR121/backupset/2018_04_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180409T144738_fdp34bfm_.bkp tag=TAG20180409T144738
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished restore at 2018-04-10 10:57:06
RMAN> recover datafile 6;
Starting recover at 2018-04-10 10:57:13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 39 is already on disk as file /u04/flash_recovery_area/LHR121/archivelog/2018_04_09/o1_mf_1_39_fdp3bvmm_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 40 is already on disk as file /u04/flash_recovery_area/LHR121/archivelog/2018_04_09/o1_mf_1_40_fdp3bvoz_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 41 is already on disk as file /u04/flash_recovery_area/LHR121/archivelog/2018_04_09/o1_mf_1_41_fdp7bhhl_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 42 is already on disk as file /u04/flash_recovery_area/LHR121/archivelog/2018_04_09/o1_mf_1_42_fdp7ccfv_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 43 is already on disk as file /u04/flash_recovery_area/LHR121/archivelog/2018_04_10/o1_mf_1_43_fdr7xxg4_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 44 is already on disk as file /u04/flash_recovery_area/LHR121/archivelog/2018_04_10/o1_mf_1_44_fdr7yc13_.arc
archived log file name=/u04/flash_recovery_area/LHR121/archivelog/2018_04_09/o1_mf_1_39_fdp3bvmm_.arc thread=1 sequence=39
archived log file name=/u04/flash_recovery_area/LHR121/archivelog/2018_04_09/o1_mf_1_40_fdp3bvoz_.arc thread=1 sequence=40
archived log file name=/u04/flash_recovery_area/LHR121/archivelog/2018_04_09/o1_mf_1_41_fdp7bhhl_.arc thread=1 sequence=41
archived log file name=/u04/flash_recovery_area/LHR121/archivelog/2018_04_09/o1_mf_1_42_fdp7ccfv_.arc thread=1 sequence=42
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 2018-04-10 10:57:15
RMAN> alter database open;
Statement processed
RMAN>
SYS@lhr121> select * from v$nonlogged_block;
FILE# BLOCK# BLOCKS NONLOGGED_START_CHANGE# NONLOGGED_START_TIM NONLOGGED_END_CHANGE# NONLOGGED_END_TIME RESETLOGS_CHANGE# RESETLOGS_TIME OBJECT# REASON CON_ID
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------------- ------------------- --------------------- ------------------- ----------------- ------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ----------
6 1939 1 2878238 2878238 UNKNOWN 0
SYS@lhr121> select file#, block#, scn_to_timestamp(NONLOGGED_START_CHANGE#)
2 from v$nonlogged_block;
FILE# BLOCK# SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP(NONLOGGED_START_CHANGE#)
---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 1939 10-APR-18 10.52.44.000000000 AM
SYS@lhr121> SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
2 SEGMENT_TYPE,
3 OWNER,
4 SEGMENT_NAME,
5 PARTITION_NAME
6 FROM DBA_EXTENTS
7 WHERE FILE_ID = 6
8 AND 1939 BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID + BLOCKS - 1
9 ;
TABLESPACE_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE OWNER SEGMENT_NAME PARTITION_NAME
------------------- ------------------ ------------------ ----------------- -----------------
USERS TABLE SCOTT T_LOG
SYS@lhr121> SELECT DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_OBJECT(ROWID) OBJECT_ID,
2 DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_RELATIVE_FNO(ROWID) FILE_ID,
3 DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER(ROWID) BLOCK_ID,
4 COUNT(1) COUNTS
5 FROM scott.t_log
6 GROUP BY DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_OBJECT(ROWID),
7 DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_RELATIVE_FNO(ROWID),
8 DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER(ROWID)
9 ORDER BY DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER(ROWID);
OBJECT_ID FILE_ID BLOCK_ID COUNTS
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
94411 6 1939 9
SYS@lhr121>
SYS@lhr121> select * from scott.t_log;
select * from scott.t_log
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 6, block # 1939)
ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u04/oradata/lhr121/users01.dbf'
ORA-26040: Data block was loaded using the NOLOGGING option
SYS@lhr121> select UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# ,
2 UNRECOVERABLE_TIME ,
3 FIRST_NONLOGGED_SCN ,
4 FIRST_NONLOGGED_TIME from v$datafile where file#=6;
UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# UNRECOVERABLE_TIME FIRST_NONLOGGED_SCN FIRST_NONLOGGED_TIM
--------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
2878238 2018-04-10 10:53:47 2878238 2018-04-10 10:53:47
實驗二：NOLOGGING+APPEND
LHR@ora11g > create table test_nologging as select * from user_tables;
Table created.
LHR@ora11g > alter table test_nologging nologging;
Table altered.
LHR@ora11g > select tablespace_name from user_tables where table_name='TEST_NOLOGGING';
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
USERS
SYS@ora11g > alter database no force logging;
Database altered.
SYS@ora11g > select force_logging from v$database;
FOR
---
NO
SYS@ora11g > alter database drop supplemental log data;
Database altered.
SYS@ora11g > alter database drop supplemental log data(all,primary key,unique,foreign key) columns;
Database altered.
SYS@ora11g > SELECT supplemental_log_data_min min,
2 supplemental_log_data_pk pk,
3 supplemental_log_data_ui ui,
4 supplemental_log_data_fk fk,
5 supplemental_log_data_all allc
6 FROM v$database;
MIN PK UI FK ALL
-------- --- --- --- ---
NO NO NO NO NO
LHR@ora11g > exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@rhel6lhr env_oracle]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Apr 10 13:27:25 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORA11G (DBID=4270446895)
RMAN> backup datafile 4;
Starting backup at 2018-04-10 13:27:37
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=155 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2018-04-10 13:27:39
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2018-04-10 13:29:36
piece handle=/u05/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA11G/backupset/2018_04_10/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180410T132739_fdrltcot_.bkp tag=TAG20180410T132739 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:58
Finished backup at 2018-04-10 13:29:37
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@rhel6lhr oradata]$ sas
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Apr 10 14:14:15 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@ora11g > conn lhr/lhr
Connected.
LHR@ora11g > insert /*+append */ into TEST_NOLOGGING select * from test_nologging;
3264 rows created.
LHR@ora11g > commit;
Commit complete.
LHR@ora11g > exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@rhel6lhr oradata]$ mv /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf_bk
[oracle@rhel6lhr oradata]$
[oracle@rhel6lhr oradata]$ sas
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Apr 10 14:11:34 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@ora11g > startup force mount
exit
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 409194496 bytes
Fixed Size 2228864 bytes
Variable Size 322964864 bytes
Database Buffers 75497472 bytes
Redo Buffers 8503296 bytes
Database mounted.
SYS@ora11g > Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@rhel6lhr oradata]$
[oracle@rhel6lhr oradata]$
[oracle@rhel6lhr oradata]$
[oracle@rhel6lhr oradata]$
[oracle@rhel6lhr oradata]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Apr 10 14:11:57 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORA11G (DBID=4270446895, not open)
RMAN> restore datafile 4;
Starting restore at 2018-04-10 14:12:07
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=133 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u05/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA11G/backupset/2018_04_10/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180410T132739_fdrltcot_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u05/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA11G/backupset/2018_04_10/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180410T132739_fdrltcot_.bkp tag=TAG20180410T132739
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:16
Finished restore at 2018-04-10 14:13:24
RMAN> recover datafile 4;
Starting recover at 2018-04-10 14:13:34
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 330 is already on disk as file /u05/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2018_04_10/o1_mf_1_330_fdrm7pm4_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 331 is already on disk as file /u05/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2018_04_10/o1_mf_1_331_fdrmly0v_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 332 is already on disk as file /u05/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2018_04_10/o1_mf_1_332_fdrn29bv_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 333 is already on disk as file /u05/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2018_04_10/o1_mf_1_333_fdrnohdf_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 334 is already on disk as file /u05/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2018_04_10/o1_mf_1_334_fdrnwqqw_.arc
archived log file name=/u05/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2018_04_10/o1_mf_1_330_fdrm7pm4_.arc thread=1 sequence=330
archived log file name=/u05/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2018_04_10/o1_mf_1_331_fdrmly0v_.arc thread=1 sequence=331
archived log file name=/u05/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2018_04_10/o1_mf_1_332_fdrn29bv_.arc thread=1 sequence=332
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 2018-04-10 14:13:37
RMAN> alter database open;
database opened
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@rhel6lhr oradata]$ sas
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Apr 10 14:14:15 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@ora11g > select count(1) from lhr.test_nologging;
select count(1) from lhr.test_nologging
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 4, block # 180937)
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf'
ORA-26040: Data block was loaded using the NOLOGGING option
SYS@ora11g > select UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# ,
2 UNRECOVERABLE_TIME ,
3 FIRST_NONLOGGED_SCN ,
4 FIRST_NONLOGGED_TIME
5 from v$datafile
6 where file#=4;
UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# UNRECOVERABLE_TIME FIRST_NONLOGGED_SCN FIRST_NONLOGGED_TIM
--------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
60522292 2018-04-10 14:11:22 60522291 2018-04-10 14:11:22
SYS@ora11g > select * from v$database_block_corruption;
no rows selected
SYS@ora11g > exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@rhel6lhr oradata]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Apr 10 14:15:42 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORA11G (DBID=4270446895)
RMAN> validate datafile 4;
Starting validate at 2018-04-10 14:15:50
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=21 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting validation of datafile
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) for validation
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
List of Datafiles
=================
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
4 OK 103 64922 196829 60543025
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
---------- -------------- ----------------
Data 0 19747
Index 0 5352
Other 0 106779
Finished validate at 2018-04-10 14:16:26
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@rhel6lhr oradata]$ sas
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Apr 10 14:16:44 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@ora11g > select * from v$database_block_corruption;
FILE# BLOCK# BLOCKS CORRUPTION_CHANGE# CORRUPTIO
---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
4 180937 15 60522291 NOLOGGING
4 180994 88 60522292 NOLOGGING
SYS@ora11g > exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@rhel6lhr oradata]$ rmant target /
-bash: rmant: command not found
[oracle@rhel6lhr oradata]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Apr 10 14:21:04 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORA11G (DBID=4270446895)
RMAN> BLOCKRECOVER CORRUPTION LIST;
Starting recover at 2018-04-10 14:21:08
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=133 device type=DISK
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 2018-04-10 14:21:10
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@rhel6lhr oradata]$ sas
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Apr 10 14:21:17 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@ora11g > select * from v$database_block_corruption;
FILE# BLOCK# BLOCKS CORRUPTION_CHANGE# CORRUPTIO
---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ ---------
4 180937 15 60522291 NOLOGGING
4 180994 88 60522292 NOLOGGING