在開展測試工作的過程中,通常要接觸到服務器,對於linux服務器,總結一些常用的命令。
準備工作
爲了能直觀展示命令結果,使用腳本創建一個文件,在顯示文件內容的同時,也直觀的顯示行號。
#!/bin/bash FileName=TestFile.log touch ./$FileName i=1 while [ $i -le $1 ] do echo "the line number is $i" >> $FileName let "i=$i+1" done
命令 | 選項 | 示例 |
head | -n,顯示行數 | [root@Durian scripts]# head -n 5 TestFile.log the line number is 1 the line number is 2 the line number is 3 the line number is 4 the line number is 5 #顯示文件的前5行 |
[root@Durian scripts]# head -n -6 TestFile.log the line number is 1 the line number is 2 the line number is 3 the line number is 4 the line number is 5 the line number is 6 the line number is 7 the line number is 8 the line number is 9 the line number is 10 the line number is 11 the line number is 12 the line number is 13 the line number is 14 #截去後6行,顯示剩餘內容 | ||
[root@Durian scripts]# head TestFile.log the line number is 1 the line number is 2 the line number is 3 the line number is 4 the line number is 5 the line number is 6 the line number is 7 the line number is 8 the line number is 9 the line number is 10 #當沒有選項參數時,默認顯示前10行 | ||
-v ,在首行打印文件名稱 | [root@Durian scripts]# head -n 5 -v TestFile.log ==> TestFile.log <== the line number is 1 the line number is 2 the line number is 3 the line number is 4 the line number is 5 #在首行打印文件名稱 | |
tail | -n,顯示行數 | [root@Durian scripts]# tail -n 4 TestFile.log the line number is 17 the line number is 18 the line number is 19 the line number is 20 #查看messages文件的最後4行內容 |
[root@Durian scripts]# tail -n +5 TestFile.log the line number is 5 the line number is 6 the line number is 7 the line number is 8 the line number is 9 the line number is 10 the line number is 11 the line number is 12 the line number is 13 the line number is 14 the line number is 15 the line number is 16 the line number is 17 the line number is 18 the line number is 19 the line number is 20 #截去前4行,顯示剩餘內容 | ||
[root@Durian scripts]# tail TestFile.log the line number is 11 the line number is 12 the line number is 13 the line number is 14 the line number is 15 the line number is 16 the line number is 17 the line number is 18 the line number is 19 the line number is 20 #當沒有選項參數時,默認顯示最後10行 | ||
-f | tail -f /var/log/messages #當文件內容有更新時,動態的顯示最新的內容 | |
-v ,在首行打印文件名稱 | [root@Durian scripts]# tail -v -n 3 TestFile.log ==> TestFile.log <== the line number is 18 the line number is 19 the line number is 20 #在首行打印文件名稱 | |
[root@Durian scripts]# head -n 15 TestFile.log |tail -n 5 the line number is 11 the line number is 12 the line number is 13 the line number is 14 the line number is 15 #查看中間行第11~15行的內容 | ||
sed | -n,與p一起使用 | [root@Durian scripts]# sed -n '10p' TestFile.log the line number is 10#查看第10行的內容 |
[root@Durian scripts]# sed -n '11,14p' TestFile.log the line number is 11 the line number is 12 the line number is 13 the line number is 14 #查看第11~14行的內容 | ||
vi | [root@Durian scripts]# vi +12 TestFile.log #文件打開後,光標直接定位在第12行 | |
more | [root@Durian scripts]# more -4 TestFile.log the line number is 1 the line number is 2 the line number is 3 the line number is 4 --More--(19%) #顯示前4行 | |
[root@Durian scripts]# more +4 TestFile.log the line number is 4 the line number is 5 the line number is 6 the line number is 7 the line number is 8 the line number is 9 the line number is 10 the line number is 11 the line number is 12 the line number is 13 the line number is 14 the line number is 15 the line number is 16 the line number is 17 the line number is 18 the line number is 19 the line number is 20 #截去前3行,顯示剩餘內容 | ||
less | [root@Durian scripts]# less +4 TestFile.lo #截去前3行,顯示剩餘內容 |