最近在學APUE和UNP，其中的apue.h 和unp.h需要自己動手，搜到一博文，親自實驗了一番，可以成功，先剪切到下面：
1.編譯《APUE》
http://www.apuebook.com/src.tar.gz
在哪裏編譯都是一樣，我們需要的是libapue.a 和apue.h文件。
我使用的目錄是/home/dan/download/apue.2e/
修改Make.defines.linux文件中，
WKDIR=/home/dan/download/apue.2e
在我的機器上編譯時，提示ARG_MAX未定義，可以這麼修改。
在apue.2e/include/apue.h中添加一行：
#define ARG_MAX 4096
打開apue.2e/threadtl/getenv1.c 和apue.2e/threadctl/getenv3.c，添加一行：
#include "apue.h"
這樣就可以編譯通過了，複製apue.2e/include/apue.h到/usr/include下，
apue.2e/lib/libapue.a 到/usr/lib/和 /usr/lib64下。
2. 使用apue.h文件和libapue.a庫。
假定/tmp下有一個文件：threadid.c，內容如下(apue線程章節的例子):
#include <apue.h>
#include <pthread.h>
pthread_t ntid;
void
printids(const char *s)
{
pid_t pid;
pthread_t tid;
pid = getpid();
tid = pthread_self();
printf("%s pid %u tid %u (0x%x)\n", s, (unsigned int)pid,
(unsigned int)tid, (unsigned int)tid);
}
void *
thr_fn(void *arg)
{
printids("new thread: ");
return((void *)0);
}
int
main(void)
{
int err;
err = pthread_create(&ntid, NULL, thr_fn, NULL);
if (err != 0)
err_quit("can't create thread: %s\n", strerror(err));
printids("main thread:");
sleep(1);
exit(0);
}
使用如下命令編譯：
cc -o threadid threadid.c -lapue -lpthread
可以運行一下：
dan@dan-laptop:/tmp$ ./threadid
new thread: pid 17490 tid 816015696 (0x30a36950)
main thread: pid 17490 tid 823949040 (0x311c76f0)
3. 編譯《UNP》
這個稍微麻煩些。
http://www.unpbook.com/unpv13e.tar.gz
我們首先產生一個目錄，以後自己的代碼就敲在這個目錄裏。
mkdir /home/dan/study/unp
仍然是下載到/home/dan/download/，解壓縮，進入目錄
cd /home/dan/download/unpv13e/
README文件中說的很詳細：
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
Execute the following from the src/ directory:
./configure # try to figure out all implementation differences
cd lib # build the basic library that all programs need
make # use "gmake" everywhere on BSD/OS systems
cd ../libfree # continue building the basic library
make
cd ../libroute # only if your system supports 4.4BSD style routing sockets
make # only if your system supports 4.4BSD style routing sockets
cd ../libxti # only if your system supports XTI
make # only if your system supports XTI
cd ../intro # build and test a basic client program
make daytimetcpcli
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
這裏只編譯lib下的文件，這樣可以產生libunp.a，複製這個靜態庫到/usr/lib/和/usr/lib64/
如果提示：
unp.h:139: error: conflicting types for ‘socklen_t’
/usr/include/bits/socket.h:35: error: previous declaration of ‘socklen_t’ was here
需要註釋掉當前目錄中unp.h的第１３９行。
複製libunp.a到系統目錄：
root@dan-laptop:/home/dan/download/unpv13e/lib# cp ../libunp.a /usr/lib
root@dan-laptop:/home/dan/download/unpv13e/lib# cp ../libunp.a /usr/lib64/
4.使用unp.h和libunp.a
如果直接複製unpv13e/lib/unp.h到/usr/include，那麼在別的目錄編譯書上代碼時，很可會得到類似下面的錯誤：
In file included from daytimetcpsrv1.c:1:
/usr/include/unp.h:227: error: redefinition of ‘struct sockaddr_storage’
In file included from daytimetcpsrv1.c:1:
/usr/include/unp.h:249:30: error: ../lib/addrinfo.h: No such file or directory
/usr/include/unp.h:263: error: redefinition of ‘struct timespec’
/usr/include/unp.h:363: error: conflicting types for ‘gai_strerror’
/usr/include/netdb.h:647: error: previous declaration of ‘gai_strerror’ was here
/usr/include/unp.h:367: error: conflicting types for ‘getnameinfo’
/usr/include/netdb.h:653: error: previous declaration of ‘getnameinfo’ was here
/usr/include/unp.h:371: error: conflicting types for ‘gethostname’
/usr/include/unistd.h:857: error: previous declaration of ‘gethostname’ was here
/usr/include/unp.h:387: error: conflicting types for ‘inet_ntop’
/usr/include/arpa/inet.h:65: error: previous declaration of ‘inet_ntop’ was here
/usr/include/unp.h:395: error: conflicting types for ‘pselect’
/usr/include/sys/select.h:121: error: previous declaration of ‘pselect’ was here
daytimetcpsrv1.c: In function ‘main’:
daytimetcpsrv1.c:9: error: ‘MAX_LINE’ undeclared (first use in this function)
daytimetcpsrv1.c:9: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
daytimetcpsrv1.c:9: error: for each function it appears in.)
dan@dan-laptop:~/study/unp/4$ rm -f /usr/include/unp.h
解決方法有點傻：
進入我們開始時建立的目錄：
cd /home/dan/study/unp
複製config.h和unp.h到此目錄：
dan@dan-laptop:~/study/unp$ cp /home/dan/download/unpv13e/config.h .
dan@dan-laptop:~/study/unp$ cp /home/dan/download/unpv13e/lib/unp.h .
修改unp.h，
#include "../config.h"改成 #include "config.h"
添加一行：
#define MAX_LINE 2048
練習書上代碼時，在unp目錄下建立相應的章節目錄，文件中添加一行：
#include "../unp.h"
編譯時鏈接unp庫就可以了。
以第四章的daytimetcpsrv1.c爲例：
dan@dan-laptop:~/study/unp/4$ pwd
/home/dan/study/unp/4
dan@dan-laptop:~/study/unp/4$ cat daytimetcpsrv1.c
#include "../unp.h"
#include <time.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int listenfd, connfd;
socklen_t len;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
char buff[MAX_LINE];
time_t ticks;
listenfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(13);
Bind(listenfd, (SA *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
Listen(listenfd, LISTENQ);
for (;;) {
len = sizeof(cliaddr);
connfd = Accept(listenfd, (SA *)&cliaddr, &len);
printf("connection from %s, port %d\n",
Inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cliaddr.sin_addr, buff, sizeof(buff)),
ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port));
ticks = time(NULL);
snprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), "%.24s\r\n", ctime(&ticks));
Write(connfd, buff, strlen(buff));
Close(connfd);
}
}
編譯：
cc -o daytimetcpsrv1 daytimetcpsrv1.c -lunp
運行一下：
root@dan-laptop:/home/dan/study/unp/4# ./daytimetcpsrv1 &
[1] 22106
root@dan-laptop:/home/dan/study/unp/4#
root@dan-laptop:/home/dan/study/unp/4# ./daytimetcpcli
usage: a.out <IPaddress>
root@dan-laptop:/home/dan/study/unp/4# ./daytimetcpcli 127.0.0.1
connection from 127.0.0.1, port 42064
Fri Aug 21 23:03:56 2009
root@dan-laptop:/home/dan/study/unp/4# netstat -nt
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:13 127.0.0.1:42064 TIME_WAIT