MySQL5.6.10Innodb引擎數據庫升級方法
數據庫環境：
MySQL5.1.50（MyISAM、master）192.168.1.16主庫
MySQL5.1.46（MyISAM、master）192.168.1.13主庫
MySQL5.1.50（MyISAM、slave）192.168.1.1413從庫
目標：升級192.168.1.16數據庫，更換數據庫引擎，完成後如下：
MySQL5.6.10（InnoDB、master）192.168.1.16主庫
MySQL5.1.46（MyISAM、master）192.168.1.13主庫
MySQL5.1.50（MyISAM、slave）192.168.1.1413從庫
1.把1.16數據庫從使用中分離出來（包括數據備份，原MySQL卸載等，省略）
2.編譯安裝MySQL5.6.10(1.16上面操作)
2.1檢查所需軟件包，上傳MySQL安裝程序
rpm-qagccgcc-c++makencurses-devel
軟件安裝程序存放目錄：/usr/local/software
cmake-2.8.5.tar.gzmysql-5.6.10.tar.gz
2.2安裝cmake
cd/usr/local/software
tarzxvfcmake-2.8.5.tar.gz
cdcmake-2.8.5
./configure
make
makeinstall
2.3安裝Mysql5.6.10
cmake-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10\
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/data\
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1\
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1\
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1\
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1\
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1\
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8\
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
make
makeinstall
2.4配置MySQL(由於之前這臺機器已經創建好數據庫賬戶，此步省略)
groupadd-g3306mysql
useradd-u3306-gmysql-M-s/sbin/nologinmysql
2.5初始化數據庫
chown-Rmysql:mysql/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/data
chmod-R755/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/data
/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/scripts/mysql_install_db--user=mysql--basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10--datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/data--socket=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/data/mysql.sock--pid-file=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/data/hk16.pid
2.6配置MySQL服務，啓動MySQL
rm-rf/etc/my.cnf\\刪除原有my.cnf配置文件
vim/etc/my.cnf\\直接編輯新的my.cnf
my.cnf配置文件內容如下：
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
wait_timeout=31536000
max_connections=3000
max_connect_errors=10000
max_allowed_packet=32M
skip-name-resolve
lower_case_table_names=1
thread_cache=128
table_open_cache=1024
query_cache_type=1
query_cache_size=128M
join_buffer_size=128M
sort_buffer_size=2M
read_buffer_size=2M
read_rnd_buffer_size=2M
open_files_limit=30720
max_heap_table_size=128M
tmp_table_size=128M
tmpdir=/dev/shm
binlog_cache_size=12M
max_binlog_size=1G
expire_logs_days=7
binlog_checksum=none
sync_binlog=0
innodb_buffer_pool_size=15G
innodb_use_sys_malloc=1
innodb_log_file_size=256M
innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2
innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
innodb_lock_wait_timeout=50
innodb_read_io_threads=8
innodb_write_io_threads=8
innodb_thread_concurrency=0
innodb_rollback_segments=128
innodb_change_buffer_max_size=50
log-bin=hk16-bin
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10
datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/data
port=3306
server-id=100
socket=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/data/mysql.sock
[safe_mysqld]
log-error=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/data/hk16.err
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/data/hk16.pid
user=mysql
[mysql]
socket=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/data/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8
auto-rehash
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet=512M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size=512M
sort_buffer_size=512M
read_buffer=80M
write_buffer=80M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
cp/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/support-files/mysql.server/etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod+x/etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig--addmysqld
chkconfigmysqldon
servicemysqldrestart
netstat-tnlp|grep3306\\查看監聽端口
2.7配置環境變量，設置root密碼
vim/etc/profile
MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10
PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
exportPATHMYSQL_HOME
source/etc/profile
/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/bin/mysqladmin-urootpassword'xxxx’
3.配置數據庫複製
3.1導出數據庫表結構(1.13數據庫上面操作)
mysqldump–uroot–pxxxx–danytracking4_1>anytracking4_1.sql
mysqldump–uroot–pxxxx–danytracking4_2>anytracking4_2.sql
mysqldump–uroot–pxxxx–danytracking4_3>anytracking4_3.sql
mysqldump–uroot–pxxxx–danytracking4_4>anytracking4_4.sql
3.2創建數據庫，拷貝表結構，更改數據庫引擎（1.16數據庫上面操作）
mysql–uroot-pxxx
createdatabaseanytracking4_1;
createdatabaseanytracking4_2;
createdatabaseanytracking4_3;
createdatabaseanytracking4_4;
exit;
cd/usr/local/backup
scp[email protected]:/usr/local/backup/db/*.
vimanytracking4_1.sql替換引擎:%s/MyISAM/InnoDB/g
vimanytracking4_2.sql替換引擎:%s/MyISAM/InnoDB/g
vimanytracking4_3.sql替換引擎:%s/MyISAM/InnoDB/g
vimanytracking4_4.sql替換引擎:%s/MyISAM/InnoDB/g
3.3導入表結構，修改my.cnf配置(192.168.1.16上面操作)
cd/usr/local/backup
mysql–uroot–pxxxanytracking4_1<anytracking4_1.sql
mysql–uroot–pxxxanytracking4_2<anytracking4_2.sql
mysql–uroot–pxxxanytracking4_3<anytracking4_3.sql
mysql–uroot–pxxxanytracking4_4<anytracking4_4.sql
vim/etc/my.cnf\\只同步特定的數據庫,在[mysqld]下添加
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-ignore-db=test
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-ignore-db=information-schema
replicate-ignore-db=performance_schema
replicate-do-db=anytracking4_1
replicate-do-db=anytracking4_2
replicate-do-db=anytracking4_3
replicate-do-db=anytracking4_4
保存，重啓數據庫servicemysqldrestart
4.配置數據庫主主同步
4.1清空1.16上面的binlog日誌，停止1.14從複製，防止數據丟失！
mysql–uroot–pxxxx(1.16上面操作)
RESETMASTER;
mysql–uroot–pxxxx(1.14上面操作)
stopslave;
4.2配置1.16從複製
flushtableswithreadlock;(1.13上面操作，全局鎖表)
showmasterstatus;\\查詢masterlog_file以及Postition，如下所示
mysql>showmasterstatus;
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+
|File|Position|Binlog_Do_DB|Binlog_Ignore_DB|
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+
|mysql-bin.003581|341699908||mysql|
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+
1rowinset(0.00sec)
mysql–uroot–pxxx(1.16上面操作，指定主庫)
changemastertomaster_host='192.168.1.13',master_user='root',master_password='xxx',master_log_file='mysql-bin.003581',master_log_pos=341699908;
startslave;\\啓動從複製線程
showslavestatus\G\\查看主從複製狀態，如有錯誤，需看具體錯誤代碼內容
mysql>showslavestatus\G
***************************1.row***************************
Slave_IO_State:Waitingformastertosendevent
Master_Host:192.168.1.13
Master_User:root
Master_Port:3306
Connect_Retry:60
Master_Log_File:mysql-bin.003581
Read_Master_Log_Pos:369453801
Relay_Log_File:HK16-relay-bin.000016
Relay_Log_Pos:265
Relay_Master_Log_File:mysql-bin.003581
Slave_IO_Running:Yes
Slave_SQL_Running:Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:anytracking4_1,anytracking4_2,anytracking4_3,anytracking4_4
Replicate_Ignore_DB:test,mysql,information-schema,performance_schema
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno:0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter:0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos:369453801
Relay_Log_Space:476
Until_Condition:None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos:0
Master_SSL_Allowed:No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master:0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert:No
Last_IO_Errno:0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno:0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id:12
Master_UUID:
Master_Info_File:/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/data/master.info
SQL_Delay:0
SQL_Remaining_Delay:NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State:Slavehasreadallrelaylog;waitingfortheslaveI/Othreadtoupdateit
Master_Retry_Count:86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position:0
1rowinset(0.00sec)
unlocktables;(1.13上面操作，解鎖)
這樣就完成了1.13與1.16不同版本、不同引擎數據庫主從複製！！
4.3配置1.13主複製
mysql–uroot–pxxxx(1.16上面操作)
showmasterstatus;\\查詢masterlog_file以及Postition，如下所示
mysql>showmasterstatus;
+-----------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
|File|Position|Binlog_Do_DB|Binlog_Ignore_DB|Executed_Gtid_Set|
+-----------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
|hk16-bin.000003|818885460||mysql||
+-----------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1rowinset(0.00sec)
mysql–uroot–pxxx(1.13上面操作)
changemastertomaster_host='192.168.1.16',master_user='root',master_password='xxx',master_log_file='hk16-bin.000003',master_log_pos=818885460;
startslave;\\啓動從複製線程
showslavestatus\G\\查看主從複製狀態，如有錯誤，需看具體錯誤代碼內容
mysql>showslavestatus\G
***************************1.row***************************
Slave_IO_State:Waitingformastertosendevent
Master_Host:192.168.1.16
Master_User:root
Master_Port:3306
Connect_Retry:60
Master_Log_File:hk16-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos:823385525
Relay_Log_File:localhost-relay-bin.000023
Relay_Log_Pos:823385669
Relay_Master_Log_File:hk16-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running:Yes
Slave_SQL_Running:Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:anytracking4_1,anytracking4_2,anytracking4_3,anytracking4_4
Replicate_Ignore_DB:test,mysql,information-schema
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno:0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter:0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos:823385525
Relay_Log_Space:823385870
Until_Condition:None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos:0
Master_SSL_Allowed:No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master:0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert:No
Last_IO_Errno:0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno:0
Last_SQL_Error:
1rowinset(0.00sec)
這樣就完成了1.16與1.13不同版本、不同引擎數據庫主主複製！！
注：同步過程中，出現的錯誤，在此不做說明！請查詢相關錯誤代碼解決。
5啓動1.14從服務
mysql–uroot–pxxx(1.14上面操作)
startslave;\\啓動從複製線程
showslavestatus\G\\查看主從複製狀態，如下所示
mysql>showslavestatus\G
***************************1.row***************************
Slave_IO_State:Waitingformastertosendevent
Master_Host:192.168.1.13
Master_User:root
Master_Port:3306
Connect_Retry:60
Master_Log_File:mysql-bin.003581
Read_Master_Log_Pos:427635071
Relay_Log_File:hk14-relay-bin.000024
Relay_Log_Pos:427635216
Relay_Master_Log_File:mysql-bin.003581
Slave_IO_Running:Yes
Slave_SQL_Running:Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:anytracking4_1,anytracking4_2,anytracking4_3,anytracking4_4
Replicate_Ignore_DB:test,mysql,information-schema
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno:0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter:0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos:427635071
Relay_Log_Space:427635413
Until_Condition:None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos:0
Master_SSL_Allowed:No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master:0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert:No
Last_IO_Errno:0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno:0
Last_SQL_Error:
1rowinset(0.00sec)
到這裏就已經完成整個升級操作，接下來就進行相應的測試下！
6寫入數據測試複製集
方法一：手動插入數據到一個表裏面，然後進行其他機器上繼續查詢看是否同步過來
方法二：寫個批量插入程序，在此不做說明！！
7優化1.16數據庫my.cnf配置
1.16服務器硬件配置如下：
機器型號：DELLPowerEdgeR7102U
CPU:4n16線程
內存:24GB
硬盤:1TB
操作系統版本：centos5.5
優化後的my.cnf配置文件參數示例如下：
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
wait_timeout=31536000
max_connections=3000
max_connect_errors=10000
max_allowed_packet=32M
skip-name-resolve
lower_case_table_names=1
thread_cache=128
table_open_cache=1024
query_cache_type=1
query_cache_size=128M
join_buffer_size=128M
sort_buffer_size=2M
read_buffer_size=2M
read_rnd_buffer_size=2M
open_files_limit=30720
max_heap_table_size=128M
tmp_table_size=128M
tmpdir=/dev/shm
binlog_cache_size=12M
max_binlog_size=1G
expire_logs_days=7
binlog_checksum=none
sync_binlog=0
innodb_buffer_pool_size=15G
innodb_use_sys_malloc=1
innodb_log_file_size=256M
innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2
innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
innodb_lock_wait_timeout=50
innodb_read_io_threads=8
innodb_write_io_threads=8
innodb_thread_concurrency=0
innodb_rollback_segments=128
innodb_change_buffer_max_size=50
log-bin=hk16-bin
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10
datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/data
port=3306
server-id=100
socket=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/data/mysql.sock
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-ignore-db=test
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-ignore-db=information-schema
replicate-ignore-db=performance_schema
replicate-do-db=anytracking4_1
replicate-do-db=anytracking4_2
replicate-do-db=anytracking4_3
replicate-do-db=anytracking4_4
[safe_mysqld]
log-error=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/data/hk16.err
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/data/hk16.pid
user=mysql
[mysql]
socket=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/data/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8
auto-rehash
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet=512M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size=512M
sort_buffer_size=512M
read_buffer=80M
write_buffer=80M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
8預熱數據表
有一種新的預熱方法需要調參數:
8.1如果是正常關閉,可以使用5.6的快速預熱備份！
你只需在my.cnf裏，加入如下：
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown=1\\解釋：在關閉時把熱數據dump到本地磁盤。
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_now=1\\解釋：採用手工方式把熱數據dump到本地磁盤。
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup=1\\解釋：在啓動時把熱數據加載到內存。
innodb_buffer_pool_load_now=1\\解釋：採用手工方式把熱數據加載到內存。
在關閉MySQL時，會把內存中的熱數據保存在磁盤裏ib_buffer_pool文件中，位於數據目錄下。
預熱後，查看innodb_buffer_pool是不是變化較大
SHOWGLOBALSTATUSLIKE'%innodb_buffer%';
Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data和Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free是否變化較大！
8.2如果是異常關閉，就只能用5.1的手動預熱方法了！
Innodb數據庫數據手動預熱方法：
SELECTtable_nameFROMinformation_schema.tablesWHEREtable_schemaNOTIN('mysql','information_schema','performance_schema')\\查詢出所有的表
SELECTCONCAT('selectcount(1)from',table_schema,'.',table_name,';')FROMinformation_schema.tablesWHEREtable_schemaNOTIN('mysql','information_schema','performance_schema');\\組裝預熱表
SELECTCONCAT('select*from',table_schema,'.',table_name,'limit10;')FROMinformation_schema.tablesWHEREtable_schemaNOTIN('mysql','information_schema','performance_schema');\\組裝預熱表
將組裝預熱表查詢出來的語句拷貝出來，然後在去數據庫裏執行！！可以只針對業務使用比較多的表進行預熱。
編寫者：李惟忠
公司：廣州埃立方通信技術有限公司
日期：2013-09-26