SDK编程-窗口编写

SDK 第一节 Hello SDK

一、概述：

SDK(software Development kit 软件开发包) 。

　　　我们从这堂课开始，要学习基于Windows操作平台上的程序设计。

　我们平常用的软件如：RealONE Player、OFFICE2003、金山影霸、甚至我们现在所用　到的Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003 等，在我们按装完操作系统时，这些软件是不存在的，是我们后来人工按装上的，也就是说这些软件都是基于Windows操作平台开发出来的软件，那么，我们在写程序的时候就要和操作系统打交道，就要利用微软给我们提供的接口来实现Windows操作平台的程序设计。

　我们把接口称做API函数(Application Programming Interface 应用程序接口)。

　微软把2800多个API函数通过包的形式提供给我们(也就是我们要学习的SDK)。

　SDK的组成：Win32 API。

　注意：概述一下API函数.

　Windows当中的新数据类型：

　1、结构：

　MSG 消息结构

　WNDCLASS 窗体类结构

　RECT 矩形结构：left x

　 Top y

　 Right x1

　 Bottem y1

　POINT 点结构(x,y)

　2、句柄

　HINSTANCE 应用程序实例句柄

　HWND 窗体句柄

　　　　HDC 设备描述表句柄

　　　3、数据类型

　　　WORD　　　（unsigned short int）

　　　DWORD (unsigned long int )

　　　BYTE (unsigned char)

　　　TCHAR (wchar：宽字符集)

　　　UINT (unsigned int)

　　　WPARAM (unsigned int)

　　　LPARAM (unsigned int)

　　　LRESULT (long int)

　　　CALLBACK 回调函数

二、Windows编程的第一个程序(Hello Win)：

　　　1、建立VC++项目-->win32win32项目。

　　　2、应用程序设置windows应用程序-->空项目。

　　　3、源文件-->添加新文件。

　　　4、添加源代码。

三、Hello win的源代码：

#include <windows.h> //声明窗体的消息处理函数

HRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND,UINT,WPARAM,LPARAM);

int WINAPI WinMain(

HINSTANCE hInstance,//当前应用程序实例句柄

HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,//前一个应用程序实例句柄

PSTRszCmdLine,//命令行参数

intiCmdShow//当前系统的标准窗体显示模式

)

{

MSG msg;//消息结构对象

//定义窗体类对象

WNDCLASS wndclass;

//设计窗体类对象

wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;//类扩展样式，为没有扩展样式

wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;//窗体扩展样式，为没有扩展样式

wndclass.hbrBackground =

(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);//指定窗体的背景笔刷

//使用GetStockObject函数从系统内取得WHITE_BRUSH的句柄

wndclass.hCursor =

LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_CROSS);//指定光标句柄，使用LoadCursor从系统内加载

wndclass.hIcon =

LoadIcon(NULL,IDI_APPLICATION);//指定图标句柄，使用LoadIcon从系统加载

wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;//指定应用程序实例句柄为当前实例句柄

wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;//指定窗体消息处理函数WndProc

wndclass.lpszClassName = "Hello"; //指定窗体类名称

wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;//指定菜单名称，NULL没有菜单

wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;//窗体类样式，允许水平/垂直方向重绘

//注册窗体类

if(!RegisterClass(&wndclass))

{

MessageBox(NULL,"注册窗体失败，请确认是在win nt 系统下运行","错误",MB_OK);

return 0;

}

//创建窗体

HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(

"Hello",//窗体类对象名称

"我的第一个windows应用程序",

WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,//指定窗体样式，无透明效果

CW_USEDEFAULT,//窗体的X座标

CW_USEDEFAULT,//窗体的Y座标

CW_USEDEFAULT,//窗体宽度

CW_USEDEFAULT,//窗体高度

NULL,//父窗体句柄

NULL,//菜单句柄

hInstance,//应用程序实例句柄

NULL//备用参数，没意义

);

//显示窗体

ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);

//更新窗体

UpdateWindow(hWnd);

//消息循环

while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0))

{

TranslateMessage(&msg);

DispatchMessage(&msg);

}

return 0;

}

//////////////////////////////////////////

//函数：WndProc

//作用：用来处理窗体收到的所有消息

//返回类型：HRESULT(long类型)

//调用约定：CALLBACK系统回调函数

//参数：

//HWND hWnd收到消息的窗体句柄

//UINT message消息ID

//WPARAM wParam消息参数

//LPARAM lParam消息参数

/////////////////////////////////////////

HRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT message,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)

{

switch(message)

{

case WM_DESTROY:

MessageBox(NULL,"窗体销毁啦，程序马上没了","提示",MB_OK);

PostQuitMessage(0);

break;

case WM_CLOSE:

if(MessageBox(NULL,"是否关闭","提示",MB_OKCANCEL)==IDCANCEL)

return 0;

break;

case WM_CREATE:

break;

}

return DefWindowProc(hWnd,message,wParam,lParam);

}

四、Hello win的知识点:

　　1、包含windows.h文件。

#include <windows.h>

　　2、WinMain: Windows程序入口点。

返回值：int 类型。

关键字：WINAPI　windowsAPI 函数

名称：WinMain

　　3、WinMain的四个参数:

HINSTANCE hInstance：操作系统提供当前应用程序的实例句柄。

(* H：凡是以H开头的函数都是句柄(Handle).)

HINSTANCE：当前应用程序实例句柄

HINSTANCE hPrevInstance:操作系统提供前一个应用程序的前一个实例句柄。

PSTR szCmdLine:字符串类型的指针，操作系统提供的命令行参数。

Int iCmdShow:当前系统默认显示的方式。

注意：当程序运行后，WinMain主函数由操作系统来调用，而不是我们来调用的，当操作系统起动我们的程序的时候，操作系统会给我们的运行程序分配一个实例号。通过参数就传递进来了,如果起动程序时传递了一个命令行的参数，操作系统会将参数放到第三个参数当中传递进来.程序如何显示，显示的状态，这些都是由操作系统传递进来的，所以，参数都由操作系统来赋值。

　　创建一个完整的窗口，需要以下四个步骤

设计窗体类 (WNDCLASS)

注册窗体类 (RegisterClass(&wndclass))

创建窗体类 (CreateWindow)

显示及更新窗体类 (ShowWindow/UpdateWindow)

消息循环 (message)

　　4、static TCHAR szAppName[]=TEXT("hellowin"); //应用程序名称

HWND hWnd; //窗体句柄

MSG msg; //消息结构

WNDCLASS wndclass; //窗体类对象

　　5、wndclass.style=CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;　

　　//style:窗体样式. CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW:垂直重画和水平垂画

　　当窗体垂直和水平发生改变时，窗体自动重绘

　　wndclass.lpfnWndProc=WndProc;

　　//指定消息处理函数(又称回调函数和过程序函数)

wndclass.cbClsExtra=0;

　　//扩展函数

wndclass.cbWndExtra=0;

　　//扩展窗体

wndclass.hInstance=hInstance;

　　//指定应用程序实例句柄

wndclass.hIcon=LoadIcon(NULL,IDI_APPLICATION);

//加载图标(第一个参数要一个应用程序的实例句柄,第二个参数要图标显示方式如果用微软为我们提供的，那么第一个参数设为空)

wndclass.hCursor=LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_ARROW);　

//加载光标(第一个参数要一个应用程序的实例句柄,第二个参数要光标显示方式如果用微软为我们提供的，那么第一个参数设为空)

wndclass.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);

//设置背景色为白色(利用GetStockObject来获取黑色画刷设为背景, 然后把　强制转换为HBRUSH类型)

wndclass.lpszMenuName=NULL;

　　//在程序中设置窗体有无菜单

wndclass.lpszClassName=szAppName;

　　//在程序中设置窗体标题栏文本.

//注册窗体:

　　RegisterClass(&wndclass)

　　//向操作系统注册窗体，参数要一个窗体类的指针。

　　//创建一个窗体

　　创建窗体时，首先定义一个窗体句柄

　　HWND hwnd;

hWnd=CreateWindow(szAppName,

TEXT("Hellowin程序,我的第一个WINDOWS程序"),

WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,

CW_USEDEFAULT,

NULL,

hInstance,

NULL);

　　//创建窗体用关键字CreateWindow（

　　　第一个参数是窗体类的名子,

　　第二个参数是标题栏上的文本,

　　第三个参数是窗体样式

　　第四个参数是窗体在屏幕上的x座标　　//用默认的就可以

　　第五个参数是窗体在屏幕上的y座标 //用默认的就可以

　　第六个参数是窗体的高度 //用默认的就可以

　　第七个参数是窗体的宽度 //用默认的就可以

　　第八个参数是窗体的句　//在窗体没有父窗体的情况下，该参数设为空

　　第九个参数是窗体的菜单句柄//在本窗体中没有菜单句柄，该参数设为空

　　第十个参数是应用程序实例句柄

第十一个参数是当窗体运行时,要一个窗体消息的一个指针，在本程序中，该参数设为空

//显示及更新窗体

显示窗体用：ShowWindow(hWnd,iCmdShow);

第一个参数是窗体句柄，表示将要显示的是那一个窗体

第二个参数是显示状态，表示将窗体如何的显示出来

　　更新窗体用：UpdateWindow(hWnd);

　　参数表明要更新那个窗体

以上就是对窗体的设计，注册，创建和显示及更新，下面就是对消息的处理：

　　MSG msg; //我们用MSG消息结构体定义了一个变量

while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0))

{

TranslateMessage(&msg);

DispatchMessage(&msg);

}

　　GetMessage到消息队列中取得消息

第一个参数：要一个结构体变量的地址,当调用函数时,将自动填充结构体当中的内部的成员变量

第二个参数:要一个窗体的句柄,指要获取的是那一个窗体的消息,设为空的意思是要获取所有的消息

第三个参数:指定消息对列中最小的消息值,指定特定消息，和消息范围

第四个参数:指定消息对列中最大的消息值，指定特定消息，和消息范围

注意：将第三个参数和第四个参数设为0，将获取消息对列中所有的消息，也就

没有范围的过滤了,我们还可以获取指定范围内的消息(范围过滤)，当然

不在范围内的消息，不会获取

GetMessage的返回值为bool类型，获取到消息，返回为真，否则返回0

TranslateMessage(&msg); //翻译消息,把获取来的消息翻译完后,在投入到消息对列中.转换过程不会影响原有的消息对列,只会产生一个新的消息

DispatchMessage(&msg);　//将收到的消息传递给窗体的回调函数(窗体过程序函数)中处理.作用是消息传递给操作系统，然后操作系去调用我们的过程序函数，也就是说我们在窗体的过程函数中处理消息

//回调函数(过程函数)

　　LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,

　UINT message,

　WPARAM wParam,

　LPARAM lParam)

//第一个参数：窗体句柄

//第二个参数：消息的标识

//第三个参数：消息的附加参数

//第四个参数：第二个消息的附加参数

LRESULT：//返回值是一个Long类型

CALLBACK：//回调函数，表明此函数由系统调用，不用人为调用

HDC hdc;

//HDC：设备描述表句柄

PAINTSTRUCT ps;

//定义一个结构体的变量,作用是用来刷新客户区的

RECT rect;

//定义一个矩形的结构体

switch(message)

{

case WM_PAINT:

hdc=BeginPaint(hWnd,&ps);

//GetClientRect(hWnd,&rect);//DrawText(hdc,"Hello,Windows!",-1,&rect,DT_SINGLELINE|DT_CENTER|DT_V CENTER);

TextOut(hdc,100,100,”Hello win”,strlen(“Hello win”));

　　EndPaint(hWnd,&ps);

return 0;

case WM_DESTROY:

PostQuitMessage(0);

return 0;

}

　　//然后我们利用swicth循环来处理特定的消息

　　Switch(message)

　　WM_PAINT：只处理绘图消息,只能客户区绘图，执行条件：1、窗体最大化，最小化

　　　2、窗体被其它窗体挡住时，3、人为调用。

//hdc=BeginPaint(hWnd,&ps); //BeginPaint获取Paint消息中，设备描述表句柄的方法

//EndPaint(hWnd,&ps); //EndPaint释放Paint消息中，设备描述表句柄的方法

TextOut(HDC,int,int,lpctstr,int) //在指定位置书写一个文本

case WM_DESTROY:

PostQuitMessage(0);

return 0;

　　WM_DESTROY: //当窗体消毁时，触发该消息

PostQuitMessage(0)：//退出消息循环，该参数要一个退出消息的模式，给0按默认方式通出，如想按其它方式退出，请参看MSDN

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