訪問需要HTTP Basic Authentication認證的資源的各種語言的實現

無聊想調用下嘀咕的api的時候，發現需要HTTP Basic Authentication，就看了下。

什麼是HTTP Basic Authentication？直接看http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_authentication_scheme吧。

在你訪問一個需要HTTP Basic Authentication的URL的時候，如果你沒有提供用戶名和密碼，服務器就會返回401，如果你直接在瀏覽器中打開，瀏覽器會提示你輸入用戶名和密碼(google瀏覽器不會，bug？)。你可以嘗試點擊這個url看看效果：http://api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml

要在發送請求的時候添加HTTP Basic Authentication認證信息到請求中，有兩種方法：

• 一是在請求頭中添加Authorization：
  Authorization: "Basic 用戶名和密碼的base64加密字符串"
• 二是在url中添加用戶名和密碼：
  http://userName:[email protected]/statuses/friends_timeline.xml

下面來看下對於第一種在請求中添加Authorization頭部的各種語言的實現代碼。

先看.NET的吧：

string username="username";
string password="password";
//注意這裏的格式哦，爲 "username:password"
string usernamePassword = username + ":" + password;
CredentialCache mycache = new CredentialCache();
mycache.Add(new Uri(url), "Basic", new NetworkCredential(username, password));
myReq.Credentials = mycache;
myReq.Headers.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(usernamePassword))); 
WebResponse wr = myReq.GetResponse();
Stream receiveStream = wr.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(receiveStream, Encoding.UTF8);
string content = reader.ReadToEnd();

你當然也可以使用HttpWebRequest或者其他的類來發送請求。

然後是Python的：

import urllib2
import sys
import re
import base64
from urlparse import urlparse 
theurl = 'http://api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml'
username = 'qleelulu'
password = 'XXXXXX' # 你信這是密碼嗎？ 
base64string = base64.encodestring(
'%s:%s' % (username, password))[:-1] #注意哦，這裏最後會自動添加一個\n
authheader = "Basic %s" % base64string
req.add_header("Authorization", authheader)
try:
    handle = urllib2.urlopen(req)
except IOError, e:
# here we shouldn't fail if the username/password is right
print "It looks like the username or password is wrong."
    sys.exit(1)
thepage = handle.read()

再來是PHP的：

<?php
$fp = fsockopen("www.mydomain.com",80);
fputs($fp,"GET /downloads HTTP/1.0");
fputs($fp,"Host: www.mydomain.com");
fputs($fp,"Authorization: Basic " . base64_encode("user:pass") . "");
fpassthru($fp);
?>

還有flash的AS3的：

import mx.rpc.events.FaultEvent;
import mx.rpc.events.ResultEvent;
import mx.utils.Base64Encoder;
import mx.rpc.http.HTTPService;
URLRequestDefaults.authenticate = false;//設默認爲false，否則用戶較驗錯誤時會彈出驗證框 
private var result:XML;
private function initApp():void
{
    var base64enc:Base64Encoder = new Base64Encoder;
    base64enc.encode("user:password"); //用戶名和密碼需要Base64編碼
    var user:String = base64enc.toString(); 
    var http:HTTPService = new HTTPService;
    http.addEventListener(ResultEvent.RESULT,resultHandler);//監聽返回事件
    http.addEventListener(FaultEvent.FAULT,faultHandler);     //監聽失敗事件
    http.resultFormat = "e4x";//返回格式
    http.url = "http://api.digu.com/statuses/friends_timeline.xml"; 以嘀咕網的API爲列
    http.headers = {"Authorization":"Basic " + user};
    http.send();
}
private function resultHandler(e:ResultEvent):void
{
    result = XML(e.result);
    test.dataProvider = result.status;//綁定數據
}
private function faultHandler(e:ResultEvent):void
{
//處理失敗
}

還有Ruby On Rails的：

class DocumentsController < ActionController
  before_filter :verify_access 
  def show
    @document = @user.documents.find(params[:id])
end
  # Use basic authentication in my realm to get a user object.
  # Since this is a security filter - return false if the user is not
  # authenticated.
  def verify_access
    authenticate_or_request_with_http_basic("Documents Realm") do |username, password|
      @user = User.authenticate(username, password)
end
end
end

汗，忘記JavaScript的了：

//需要Base64見：http://www.webtoolkit.info/javascript-base64.html
function make_base_auth(user, password) {
var tok = user + ':' + pass;
var hash = Base64.encode(tok);
return "Basic " + hash;
} 
var auth = make_basic_auth('QLeelulu','mypassword');
var url = 'http://example.com'; 
// 原始JavaScript
xml = new XMLHttpRequest();
xml.setRequestHeader('Authorization', auth);
xml.open('GET',url) 
// ExtJS
Ext.Ajax.request({
    url : url,
    method : 'GET',
    headers : { Authorization : auth }
}); 
// jQuery
$.ajax({
    url : url,
    method : 'GET',
    beforeSend : function(req) {
        req.setRequestHeader('Authorization', auth);
    }
});

這裏提醒下，HTTP Basic Authentication對於跨域又要發送post請求的用JavaScript是實現不了的(注：對於Chrome插件這類允許通過AJAX訪問跨域資源的，是可以的)。。