如何在交互式shell腳本中創建對話框

當你在終端環境下安裝新的軟件時,你可以經常看到信息對話框彈出,需要你的輸入。對話框的類型有密碼箱,檢查表,菜單,等等。他們可以引導你以一種直觀的方式輸入必要的信息,使用這樣的用戶友好的對話框的好處是顯而易見的。如下圖所示:

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當你寫一個交互式shell腳本,你可以使用這樣的對話框來接受用戶的輸入。whiptail可以在shell腳本中創建基於終端的對話框,消息框的過程,類似於Zenity或xdialog GUI腳本代碼。預先安裝在所有的Linux發佈版本中。

下面來看看whiptail的用法:

創建一個消息框

一個消息框中顯示一個確認按鈕繼續任意的文本消息。

語法:

whiptail --title "<message box title>" --msgbox "<text to show>" <height> <width>

實例:

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#!/bin/bash

whiptail --title "Test Message Box" --msgbox "Create a message box with whiptail. Choose Ok to continue." 10 60

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創建一個yes/no對話框

用戶輸入yes或no的對話框。

語法:

whiptail --title "<dialog box title>" --yesno "<text to show>" <height> <width>

實例:

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#!/bin/bash

if (whiptail --title "Test Yes/No Box" --yesno "Choose between Yes and No." 10 60) then

    echo "You chose Yes. Exit status was $?."

else

    echo "You chose No. Exit status was $?."

fi

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或者,你可以是“--yes-button” ,"--no-button"選項。

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#!/bin/bash

if (whiptail --title "Test Yes/No Box" --yes-button "Skittles" --no-button "M&M's"  --yesno "Which do you like better?" 10 60) then

    echo "You chose Skittles Exit status was $?."

else

    echo "You chose M&M's. Exit status was $?."

fi

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創建一個表單輸入框

如果你想用戶輸入任意的文本,您可以使用一個輸入框。

語法:

whiptail --title "<input box title>" --inputbox "<text to show>" <height> <width> <default-text>

實例:

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#!/bin/bash

PET=$(whiptail --title "Test Free-form Input Box" --inputbox "What is your pet's name?" 10 60 Wigglebutt 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3)

exitstatus=$?

if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then

    echo "Your pet name is:" $PET

else

    echo "You chose Cancel."

fi

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創建一個密碼框

當用戶需要輸入敏感信息時密碼框是有用的。

語法:

whiptail --title "<password box title>" --passwordbox "<text to show>" <height> <width>

實例:

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#!/bin/bash

PASSWORD=$(whiptail --title "Test Password Box" --passwordbox "Enter your password and choose Ok to continue." 10 60 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3)

exitstatus=$?

if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then

    echo "Your password is:" $PASSWORD

else

    echo "You chose Cancel."

fi

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創建一個菜單欄

當你想讓用戶選擇一個任意數量的選擇中,你可以使用菜單框。

語法:

whiptail --title "<menu title>" --menu "<text to show>" <height> <width> <menu height> [ <tag> <item> ] . . .

實例:

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#!/bin/bash

OPTION=$(whiptail --title "Test Menu Dialog" --menu "Choose your option" 15 60 4 \

"1" "Grilled Spicy Sausage" \

"2" "Grilled Halloumi Cheese" \

"3" "Charcoaled Chicken Wings" \

"4" "Fried Aubergine"  3>&1 1>&2 2>&3)

exitstatus=$?

if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then

    echo "Your chosen option:" $OPTION

else

    echo "You chose Cancel."

fi

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創建radiolist對話框

語法:

whiptail --title "<radiolist title>" --radiolist "<text to show>" <height> <width> <list height> [ <tag> <item> <status> ] . . .

實例:

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#!/bin/bash

DISTROS=$(whiptail --title "Test Checklist Dialog" --radiolist \

"What is the Linux distro of your choice?" 15 60 4 \

"debian" "Venerable Debian" ON \

"ubuntu" "Popular Ubuntu" OFF \

"centos" "Stable CentOS" OFF \

"mint" "Rising Star Mint" OFF 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3)

exitstatus=$?

if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then

    echo "The chosen distro is:" $DISTROS

else

    echo "You chose Cancel."

fi

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創建一個表對話框

當你想讓用戶選擇一個列表中選擇多個選項的清單對話框是有用的,radiolist對話框,只允許選擇一個。

語法:

whiptail --title "<checklist title>" --checklist "<text to show>" <height> <width> <list height> [ <tag> <item> <status> ] . . .

實例:

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#!/bin/bash

DISTROS=$(whiptail --title "Test Checklist Dialog" --checklist \

"Choose preferred Linux distros" 15 60 4 \

"debian" "Venerable Debian" ON \

"ubuntu" "Popular Ubuntu" OFF \

"centos" "Stable CentOS" ON \

"mint" "Rising Star Mint" OFF 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3)

exitstatus=$?

if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then

    echo "Your favorite distros are:" $DISTROS

else

    echo "You chose Cancel."

fi

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創建一個進度條

進度條是一個用戶友好的對話框。whiptail從標準輸入讀取一個百分數(0~100),顯示一個表內相應的計數。

語法:

whiptail --gauge "<test to show>" <height> <width> <inital percent>

實例:

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#!/bin/bash

{

    for ((i = 0 ; i <= 100 ; i+=20)); do

        sleep 1

        echo $i

    done

} | whiptail --gauge "Please wait while installing" 6 60 0

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哈哈,是多麼容易在交互式shell腳本創建有用的對話框了吧。下次需要寫一個交互式的shell腳本,試着用whiptail哈

原文地址:http://www.ttlsa.com/shell/how-to-create-dialog-boxes-in-interactive-shell-script/

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