當你在終端環境下安裝新的軟件時,你可以經常看到信息對話框彈出,需要你的輸入。對話框的類型有密碼箱,檢查表,菜單,等等。他們可以引導你以一種直觀的方式輸入必要的信息,使用這樣的用戶友好的對話框的好處是顯而易見的。如下圖所示:
當你寫一個交互式shell腳本,你可以使用這樣的對話框來接受用戶的輸入。whiptail可以在shell腳本中創建基於終端的對話框,消息框的過程,類似於Zenity或xdialog GUI腳本代碼。預先安裝在所有的Linux發佈版本中。
下面來看看whiptail的用法:
創建一個消息框
一個消息框中顯示一個確認按鈕繼續任意的文本消息。
語法:
whiptail --title "<message box title>" --msgbox "<text to show>" <height> <width>
實例:
1 2 | #!/bin/bash whiptail --title "Test Message Box" --msgbox "Create a message box with whiptail. Choose Ok to continue." 10 60 |
創建一個yes/no對話框
用戶輸入yes或no的對話框。
語法:
whiptail --title "<dialog box title>" --yesno "<text to show>" <height> <width>
實例:
1 2 3 4 5 6 | #!/bin/bash if (whiptail --title "Test Yes/No Box" --yesno "Choose between Yes and No." 10 60) then echo "You chose Yes. Exit status was $?." else echo "You chose No. Exit status was $?." fi |
或者,你可以是“--yes-button” ,"--no-button"選項。
1 2 3 4 5 6 | #!/bin/bash if (whiptail --title "Test Yes/No Box" --yes-button "Skittles" --no-button "M&M's" --yesno "Which do you like better?" 10 60) then echo "You chose Skittles Exit status was $?." else echo "You chose M&M's. Exit status was $?." fi |
創建一個表單輸入框
如果你想用戶輸入任意的文本,您可以使用一個輸入框。
語法:
whiptail --title "<input box title>" --inputbox "<text to show>" <height> <width> <default-text>
實例:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | #!/bin/bash PET=$(whiptail --title "Test Free-form Input Box" --inputbox "What is your pet's name?" 10 60 Wigglebutt 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3) exitstatus=$? if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then echo "Your pet name is:" $PET else echo "You chose Cancel." fi |
創建一個密碼框
當用戶需要輸入敏感信息時密碼框是有用的。
語法:
whiptail --title "<password box title>" --passwordbox "<text to show>" <height> <width>
實例:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | #!/bin/bash PASSWORD=$(whiptail --title "Test Password Box" --passwordbox "Enter your password and choose Ok to continue." 10 60 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3) exitstatus=$? if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then echo "Your password is:" $PASSWORD else echo "You chose Cancel." fi |
創建一個菜單欄
當你想讓用戶選擇一個任意數量的選擇中,你可以使用菜單框。
語法:
whiptail --title "<menu title>" --menu "<text to show>" <height> <width> <menu height> [ <tag> <item> ] . . .
實例:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | #!/bin/bash OPTION=$(whiptail --title "Test Menu Dialog" --menu "Choose your option" 15 60 4 \ "1" "Grilled Spicy Sausage" \ "2" "Grilled Halloumi Cheese" \ "3" "Charcoaled Chicken Wings" \ "4" "Fried Aubergine" 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3) exitstatus=$? if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then echo "Your chosen option:" $OPTION else echo "You chose Cancel." fi |
創建radiolist對話框
語法:
whiptail --title "<radiolist title>" --radiolist "<text to show>" <height> <width> <list height> [ <tag> <item> <status> ] . . .
實例:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | #!/bin/bash DISTROS=$(whiptail --title "Test Checklist Dialog" --radiolist \ "What is the Linux distro of your choice?" 15 60 4 \ "debian" "Venerable Debian" ON \ "ubuntu" "Popular Ubuntu" OFF \ "centos" "Stable CentOS" OFF \ "mint" "Rising Star Mint" OFF 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3) exitstatus=$? if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then echo "The chosen distro is:" $DISTROS else echo "You chose Cancel." fi |
創建一個表對話框
當你想讓用戶選擇一個列表中選擇多個選項的清單對話框是有用的,radiolist對話框,只允許選擇一個。
語法:
whiptail --title "<checklist title>" --checklist "<text to show>" <height> <width> <list height> [ <tag> <item> <status> ] . . .
實例:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | #!/bin/bash DISTROS=$(whiptail --title "Test Checklist Dialog" --checklist \ "Choose preferred Linux distros" 15 60 4 \ "debian" "Venerable Debian" ON \ "ubuntu" "Popular Ubuntu" OFF \ "centos" "Stable CentOS" ON \ "mint" "Rising Star Mint" OFF 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3) exitstatus=$? if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then echo "Your favorite distros are:" $DISTROS else echo "You chose Cancel." fi |
創建一個進度條
進度條是一個用戶友好的對話框。whiptail從標準輸入讀取一個百分數(0~100),顯示一個表內相應的計數。
語法:
whiptail --gauge "<test to show>" <height> <width> <inital percent>
實例:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | #!/bin/bash { for ((i = 0 ; i <= 100 ; i+=20)); do sleep 1 echo $i done } | whiptail --gauge "Please wait while installing" 6 60 0 |
哈哈,是多麼容易在交互式shell腳本創建有用的對話框了吧。下次需要寫一個交互式的shell腳本,試着用whiptail哈
原文地址:http://www.ttlsa.com/shell/how-to-create-dialog-boxes-in-interactive-shell-script/