隨着mysql被oracle公司收購之後，越來越多的公司都把自己的數據庫轉移到了mariadb數據庫上面，其實mysql數據庫和mariadb數據庫的區別只是換個名字而已，內在的東西一模一樣，下面我們就來說一下在centos6和centos7上如何正確的安裝mariadb吧
centos7上：
centos7上的yum源裏是自帶mariadb數據庫的，所以我們就給自己的虛擬機裝上mariadb的服務器端和客戶端，再設置一下密碼就可以使用啦。
[root@J-7 ~]# yum -y groupinstall mariadb mariadb-client #安裝mariadb的服務器端和客戶端 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror There is no installed groups file. Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum) base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 elpl | 4.3 kB 00:00:00 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check …… Verifying : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 14/14 Installed: MySQL-python.x86_64 0:1.2.5-1.el7 mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64 0:5.2.5-6.el7 Dependency Installed: libtool-ltdl.x86_64 0:2.4.2-21.el7_2 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-5.el7 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7 perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.3.1-11.el7 Complete! [root@J-7 ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service #開啓服務 [root@J-7 ~]# systemctl enable mariadb.service #設置爲開機啓動 Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service. [root@J-7 ~]# ss -nutl #查看一下Mariadb的3306端口開啓了沒有 Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port udp UNCONN 0 0 *:12518 *:* udp UNCONN 0 0 *:29118 *:* udp UNCONN 0 0 *:68 *:* udp UNCONN 0 0 *:68 *:* udp UNCONN 0 0 :::12518 :::* udp UNCONN 0 0 :::24061 :::* tcp LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:* tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* tcp LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* tcp LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* [root@J-7 ~]# mysql_secure_installation #用它自帶的這個命令設置一些最基礎的東西 NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): #沒有密碼要創建，按回車即可 ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES) Enter current password for root (enter for none): ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES) Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] y #是否設置密碼 New password: #輸入密碼 Re-enter new password: #確認密碼 Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y #移除匿名登錄？ ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] no #關閉遠程登錄？ ... Success! By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y #移除測試數據？ - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y #確定你的配置？ ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MariaDB! [root@J-7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p #登錄 Enter password: #輸入密碼 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 12 Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> #正常使用
centos6:
centos6上默認的數據庫是mysql5.5的，這裏我們要安裝mariadb10.0的就得自己去Mariadb數據庫的官方網站http://mariadb.org 下一個，來進行安裝，如果你已經安裝了自己卸載乾淨就行，我這裏環境是最小安裝的，這裏我以二進制編譯安裝爲例:
[root@localhost ~]# rz #把自己下載的包傳上來 [root@localhost ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog mariadb-5.5.57-linux-x86_64.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# getent passwd mysql #檢查系統是否已經有了mysql用戶的信息 [root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -d /app/data -s /sbin/nologin -u 36 mysql #創建mysql用戶，指定家目錄和默認shell [root@localhost ~]# id mysql #查看一下用戶信息 uid=36(mysql) gid=36(mysql) groups=36(mysql) [root@localhost ~]# ll /app/data -d #看一下我們計劃存放數據庫的目錄信息 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 28 00:34 /app/data [root@localhost ~]# chown mysql:mysql /app/data/ #修改目錄的屬組和屬主 [root@localhost ~]# tar xf mariadb-5.5.57-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ #將二進制包解壓放到指定位置 [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@localhost local]# ll total 44 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 etc drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 include drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 lib64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 libexec drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Jul 28 00:38 mariadb-5.5.57-linux-x86_64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 sbin drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Jul 27 20:51 share drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 src [root@localhost local]# ln -s mariadb-5.5.57-linux-x86_64/ mysql/ #給mariadb寫一個軟連接，切記不要後面的/ ln: target `mysql/' is not a directory: No such file or directory [root@localhost local]# ln -s mariadb-5.5.57-linux-x86_64/ mysql [root@localhost local]# ll #查看一下 total 44 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 etc drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 include drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 lib64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 libexec drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Jul 28 00:38 mariadb-5.5.57-linux-x86_64 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Jul 28 00:39 mysql -> mariadb-5.5.57-linux-x86_64/ drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 sbin drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Jul 27 20:51 share drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 src [root@localhost local]# ll mysql/ #看一下mysql文件夾的屬組和屬主 total 192 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 28 00:38 bin -rw-r--r-- 1 wang wang 17987 Jul 19 04:33 COPYING drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 28 00:38 data -rw-r--r-- 1 wang wang 8245 Jul 19 04:33 EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 28 00:38 include -rw-r--r-- 1 wang wang 8694 Jul 19 04:33 INSTALL-BINARY drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 28 00:38 lib drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 28 00:38 man drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Jul 28 00:37 mysql-test -rw-r--r-- 1 wang wang 108813 Jul 19 04:33 README drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 28 00:38 scripts drwxr-xr-x 27 root root 4096 Jul 28 00:38 share drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 28 00:38 sql-bench drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 28 00:38 support-files [root@localhost local]# chgrp -R mysql mysql/ #修改mysql的屬組 [root@localhost local]# ll mysql/ total 192 drwxr-xr-x 2 root mysql 4096 Jul 28 00:38 bin -rw-r--r-- 1 wang mysql 17987 Jul 19 04:33 COPYING drwxr-xr-x 3 root mysql 4096 Jul 28 00:38 data -rw-r--r-- 1 wang mysql 8245 Jul 19 04:33 EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT drwxr-xr-x 3 root mysql 4096 Jul 28 00:38 include -rw-r--r-- 1 wang mysql 8694 Jul 19 04:33 INSTALL-BINARY drwxr-xr-x 3 root mysql 4096 Jul 28 00:38 lib drwxr-xr-x 4 root mysql 4096 Jul 28 00:38 man drwxr-xr-x 11 root mysql 4096 Jul 28 00:37 mysql-test -rw-r--r-- 1 wang mysql 108813 Jul 19 04:33 README drwxr-xr-x 2 root mysql 4096 Jul 28 00:38 scripts drwxr-xr-x 27 root mysql 4096 Jul 28 00:38 share drwxr-xr-x 4 root mysql 4096 Jul 28 00:38 sql-bench drwxr-xr-x 3 root mysql 4096 Jul 28 00:38 support-files [root@localhost local]# ll /etc/my.cnf #這個是系統自帶的配置文件 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 251 Jan 27 06:25 /etc/my.cnf [root@localhost local]# rpm -qf /etc/my.cnf #這個配置文件來自mysql的包 mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 [root@localhost local]# cat /etc/my.cnf #看一下這個配置的內容 [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid [root@localhost local]# cd mysql #進入到mysql文件夾 [root@localhost mysql]# ls bin data include lib mysql-test scripts sql-bench COPYING EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT INSTALL-BINARY man README share support-files [root@localhost mysql]# cd support-files/ #查看一下support-files文件夾，裏面全部都是模板文件 [root@localhost support-files]# ls binary-configure my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf my-small.cnf mysql.server magic my-large.cnf mysqld_multi.server SELinux my-huge.cnf my-medium.cnf mysql-log-rotate [root@localhost support-files]# mkdir /etc/mysql #創建一個存放我們自己配置的文件夾 [root@localhost support-files]# cp my-huge.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf #複製一個模板配置修改成適合自己用的 [root@localhost support-files]# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf …… [mysqld] datadir = /app/data #存放目錄 innodb_file_per_table = on #使用引擎（可不寫） skip_name_resolve = on #禁止解析（可不寫） port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 384M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 512 sort_buffer_size = 2M read_buffer_size = 2M …… [root@localhost support-files]# cd /usr/local/mysql/ #進入到mysql文件夾 [root@localhost mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/app/data/ #執行包帶的腳本並指定存放地址和執行用戶 Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/app/data/' ... #一些關鍵說明 170728 4:33:26 [Warning] 'THREAD_CONCURRENCY' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. 170728 4:33:26 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.57-MariaDB) starting as process 1872 ... OK Filling help tables... 170728 4:33:27 [Warning] 'THREAD_CONCURRENCY' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. 170728 4:33:27 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.57-MariaDB) starting as process 1881 ... OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: './bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password' './bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password' Alternatively you can run: './bin/mysql_secure_installation' which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://mariadb.com/kb or the MySQL manual for more instructions. You can start the MariaDB daemon with: cd '.' ; ./bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='/app/data/' You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl cd './mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl ………… https://mariadb.org/get-involved/ [root@localhost mysql]# ls /app/data/ #查看一下我們存放數據庫的文件夾 aria_log.00000001 mysql mysql-bin.000002 performance_schema aria_log_control mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.index test [root@localhost mysql]# cd support-files/ [root@localhost mysql]# pwd /usr/local/mysql [root@localhost mysql]# ll /app/data/ total 1084 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 16384 Jul 28 04:33 aria_log.00000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 52 Jul 28 04:33 aria_log_control drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Jul 28 04:33 mysql -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 30379 Jul 28 04:33 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1038814 Jul 28 04:33 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 38 Jul 28 04:33 mysql-bin.index drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 28 04:33 performance_schema drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Jul 28 04:33 test [root@localhost mysql]# ls bin data include lib mysql-test scripts sql-bench COPYING EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT INSTALL-BINARY man README share support-files [root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld #複製一個啓動服務腳本 [root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld #查看服務 service mysqld supports chkconfig, but is not referenced in any runlevel (run 'chkconfig --add mysqld') [root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld #把mysqld服務加進去 [root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on #開機自啓 [root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld #看一下服務 mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off [root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld start #啓動服務 Starting MySQL.170728 04:40:26 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'. #因沒有日誌文件夾報錯 170728 04:40:26 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /app/data /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe_helper: Can't create/write to file '/var/log/mysqld.log' (Errcode: 13) ERROR! [root@localhost mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf #看一下系統自帶的mysql配置 [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log #日誌正確存放地址 pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid [root@localhost mysql]# touch /var/log/mysqld.log #創建一個日誌文件 [root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql /var/log/mysqld.log #修改屬主，給它個寫的權限 [root@localhost mysql]# server mysqld start -bash: server: command not found [root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld start #啓動服務 Starting MySQL.170728 04:45:01 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'. 170728 04:45:01 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /app/data . SUCCESS! [root@localhost mysql]# ss -ntl #查看一下端口，3306開啓了 State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* [root@localhost mysql]# mysql #直接登錄使用，報錯命令沒找到 -bash: mysql: command not found [root@localhost mysql]# pwd /usr/local/mysql [root@localhost mysql]# ls bin data include lib mysql-test scripts sql-bench COPYING EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT INSTALL-BINARY man README share support-files [root@localhost mysql]# cd bin/ [root@localhost bin]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh #寫一個配置文件，把mysql放到bin下 export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH [root@localhost bin]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh #執行一下 [root@localhost bin]# mysql #登錄一下，可以匿名登錄肯定不行啊，出去設置一下 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.57-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> exit Bye [root@localhost bin]# mysql_se mysql_secure_installation mysql_setpermission [root@localhost bin]# mysql_secure_installation #執行腳本，完成基本的安全設置 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 393: find_mysql_client: command not found NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] y #設置密碼？ New password: #第一次輸入密碼 Re-enter new password: #確認密碼 Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y #禁止匿名用戶？ ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n #禁止root遠程登錄？ ... skipping. By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y #移除系統的測試數據？ - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y #確認加載配置？ ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MariaDB! [root@localhost bin]# mysql -uroot -p #登錄 Enter password: #輸入密碼 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 10 Server version: 5.5.57-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> #安裝完成