ss命令用於顯示socket狀態. 他可以顯示PACKET sockets, TCP sockets, UDP sockets, DCCP sockets, RAW sockets, Unix domain sockets等等統計. 它比其他工具展示等多tcp和state信息. 它是一個非常實用、快速、有效的跟蹤IP連接和sockets的新工具.SS命令可以提供如下信息：
所有的TCP sockets
所有的UDP sockets
所有ssh/ftp/ttp/https持久連接
所有連接到Xserver的本地進程
使用state（例如：connected, synchronized, SYN-RECV, SYN-SENT,TIME-WAIT）、地址、端口過濾
所有的state FIN-WAIT-1 tcpsocket連接以及更多
很多流行的Linux發行版都支持ss以及很多監控工具使用ss命令.熟悉這個工具有助於您更好的發現與解決系統性能問題.本人強烈建議使用ss命令替代netstat部分命令,例如netsat -ant/lnt等.
展示他之前來做個對比,統計服務器併發連接數
netstat # time netstat -ant | grep EST | wc -l 3100 real 0m12.960s user 0m0.334s sys 0m12.561s # time ss -o state established | wc -l 3204 real 0m0.030s user 0m0.005s sys 0m0.026s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | netstat # time netstat -ant | grep EST | wc -l 3100
real 0m12.960s user 0m0.334s sys 0m12.561s # time ss -o state established | wc -l 3204
real 0m0.030s user 0m0.005s sys 0m0.026s |
結果很明顯ss統計併發連接數效率完敗netstat,在ss能搞定的情況下, 你還會在選擇netstat嗎, 還在猶豫嗎, 看以下例子,或者跳轉到幫助頁面.
常用ss命令：
ss -l 顯示本地打開的所有端口 ss -pl 顯示每個進程具體打開的socket ss -t -a 顯示所有tcp socket ss -u -a 顯示所有的UDP Socekt ss -o state established '( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp )' 顯示所有已建立的SMTP連接 ss -o state established '( dport = :http or sport = :http )' 顯示所有已建立的HTTP連接 ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/* 找出所有連接X服務器的進程 ss -s 列出當前socket詳細信息:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | ss -l 顯示本地打開的所有端口 ss -pl 顯示每個進程具體打開的socket ss -t -a 顯示所有tcp socket ss -u -a 顯示所有的UDP Socekt ss -o state established '( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp )' 顯示所有已建立的SMTP連接 ss -o state established '( dport = :http or sport = :http )' 顯示所有已建立的HTTP連接 ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/* 找出所有連接X服務器的進程 ss -s 列出當前socket詳細信息: |
顯示sockets簡要信息
列出當前已經連接，關閉，等待的tcp連接
# ss -s Total: 3519 (kernel 3691) TCP: 26557 (estab 3163, closed 23182, orphaned 194, synrecv 0, timewait 23182/0), ports 1452 Transport Total IP IPv6 * 3691 - - RAW 2 2 0 UDP 10 7 3 TCP 3375 3368 7 INET 3387 3377 10 FRAG 0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | # ss -s Total: 3519 (kernel 3691) TCP: 26557 (estab 3163, closed 23182, orphaned 194, synrecv 0, timewait 23182/0), ports 1452
Transport Total IP IPv6 * 3691 - - RAW 2 2 0 UDP 10 7 3 TCP 3375 3368 7 INET 3387 3377 10 FRAG 0 0 0 |
列出當前監聽端口
# ss -l Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port 0 10 :::5989 :::* 0 5 *:rsync *:* 0 128 :::sunrpc :::* 0 128 *:sunrpc *:* 0 511 *:http *:* 0 128 :::ssh :::* 0 128 *:ssh *:* 0 128 :::35766 :::* 0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:* 0 128 ::1:ipp :::* 0 100 ::1:smtp :::* 0 100 127.0.0.1:smtp *:* 0 511 *:https *:* 0 100 :::1311 :::* 0 5 *:5666 *:* 0 128 *:3044 *:*
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | # ss -l Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port 0 10 :::5989 :::* 0 5 *:rsync *:* 0 128 :::sunrpc :::* 0 128 *:sunrpc *:* 0 511 *:http *:* 0 128 :::ssh :::* 0 128 *:ssh *:* 0 128 :::35766 :::* 0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:* 0 128 ::1:ipp :::* 0 100 ::1:smtp :::* 0 100 127.0.0.1:smtp *:* 0 511 *:https *:* 0 100 :::1311 :::* 0 5 *:5666 *:* 0 128 *:3044 *:* |
ss列出每個進程名及其監聽的端口
# ss -pl
1 | # ss -pl |
ss列所有的tcp sockets
# ss -t -a
1 | # ss -t -a |
ss列出所有udp sockets
# ss -u -a
1 | # ss -u -a |
ss列出所有http連接中的連接
# ss -o state established '( dport = :http or sport = :http )'
1 | # ss -o state established '( dport = :http or sport = :http )' |
·以上包含對外提供的80，以及訪問外部的80
·用以上命令完美的替代netstat獲取http併發連接數，監控中常用到
ss列出本地哪個進程連接到x server
# ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/*
1 | # ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/* |
ss列出處在FIN-WAIT-1狀態的http、https連接
# ss -o state fin-wait-1 '( sport = :http or sport = :https )'
1 | # ss -o state fin-wait-1 '( sport = :http or sport = :https )' |
ss常用的state狀態：
established syn-sent syn-recv fin-wait-1 fin-wait-2 time-wait closed close-wait last-ack listen closing all : All of the above states connected : All the states except for listen and closed synchronized : All the connected states except for syn-sent bucket : Show states, which are maintained as minisockets, i.e. time-wait and syn-recv. big : Opposite to bucket state.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | established syn-sent syn-recv fin-wait-1 fin-wait-2 time-wait closed close-wait last-ack listen closing all : All of the above states connected : All the states except for listen and closed synchronized : All the connected states except for syn-sent bucket : Show states, which are maintained as minisockets, i.e. time-wait and syn-recv. big : Opposite to bucket state. |
ss使用IP地址篩選
ss src ADDRESS_PATTERN src：表示來源 ADDRESS_PATTERN：表示地址規則 如下： ss src 120.33.31.1 # 列出來之20.33.31.1的連接 ＃ 列出來至120.33.31.1,80端口的連接 ss src 120.33.31.1:http ss src 120.33.31.1:80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | ss src ADDRESS_PATTERN src：表示來源 ADDRESS_PATTERN：表示地址規則
如下： ss src 120.33.31.1 # 列出來之20.33.31.1的連接
＃ 列出來至120.33.31.1,80端口的連接 ss src 120.33.31.1:http ss src 120.33.31.1:80 |
ss使用端口篩選
ss dport OP PORT OP:是運算符 PORT：表示端口 dport：表示過濾目標端口、相反的有sport
1 2 3 4 | ss dport OP PORT OP:是運算符 PORT：表示端口 dport：表示過濾目標端口、相反的有sport |
OP運算符如下：
<= or le : 小於等於 >= or ge : 大於等於 == or eq : 等於 != or ne : 不等於端口 < or lt : 小於這個端口 > or gt : 大於端口
1 2 3 4 | <= or le : 小於等於 >= or ge : 大於等於 == or eq : 等於 != or ne : 不等於端口 < or lt : 小於這個端口 > or gt : 大於端口 |
OP實例
ss sport = :http 也可以是 ss sport = :80 ss dport = :http ss dport \> :1024 ss sport \> :1024 ss sport \< :32000 ss sport eq :22 ss dport != :22 ss state connected sport = :http ss \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) ss -o state fin-wait-1 \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) dst 192.168.1/24
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | ss sport = :http 也可以是 ss sport = :80 ss dport = :http ss dport \> :1024 ss sport \> :1024 ss sport \< :32000 ss sport eq :22 ss dport != :22 ss state connected sport = :http ss \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) ss -o state fin-wait-1 \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) dst 192.168.1/24 |
爲什麼ss比netstat快：
netstat是遍歷/proc下面每個PID目錄，ss直接讀/proc/net下面的統計信息。所以ss執行的時候消耗資源以及消耗的時間都比netstat少很多
ss命令幫助
# ss -h Usage: ss [ OPTIONS ] ss [ OPTIONS ] [ FILTER ] -h, --help this message -V, --version output version information -n, --numeric don't resolve service names -r, --resolve resolve host names -a, --all display all sockets -l, --listening display listening sockets -o, --options show timer information -e, --extended show detailed socket information -m, --memory show socket memory usage -p, --processes show process using socket -i, --info show internal TCP information -s, --summary show socket usage summary -4, --ipv4 display only IP version 4 sockets -6, --ipv6 display only IP version 6 sockets -0, --packet display PACKET sockets -t, --tcp display only TCP sockets -u, --udp display only UDP sockets -d, --dccp display only DCCP sockets -w, --raw display only RAW sockets -x, --unix display only Unix domain sockets -f, --family=FAMILY display sockets of type FAMILY -A, --query=QUERY, --socket=QUERY QUERY := {all|inet|tcp|udp|raw|unix|packet|netlink}[,QUERY] -D, --diag=FILE Dump raw information about TCP sockets to FILE -F, --filter=FILE read filter information from FILE FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 | # ss -h Usage: ss [ OPTIONS ] ss [ OPTIONS ] [ FILTER ] -h, --help this message -V, --version output version information -n, --numeric don't resolve service names -r, --resolve resolve host names -a, --all display all sockets -l, --listening display listening sockets -o, --options show timer information -e, --extended show detailed socket information -m, --memory show socket memory usage -p, --processes show process using socket -i, --info show internal TCP information -s, --summary show socket usage summary
-4, --ipv4 display only IP version 4 sockets -6, --ipv6 display only IP version 6 sockets -0, --packet display PACKET sockets -t, --tcp display only TCP sockets -u, --udp display only UDP sockets -d, --dccp display only DCCP sockets -w, --raw display only RAW sockets -x, --unix display only Unix domain sockets -f, --family=FAMILY display sockets of type FAMILY
-A, --query=QUERY, --socket=QUERY QUERY := {all|inet|tcp|udp|raw|unix|packet|netlink}[,QUERY]
-D, --diag=FILE Dump raw information about TCP sockets to FILE -F, --filter=FILE read filter information from FILE FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ] |