mysql主從複製試驗環境:
1.CentOS5.8 x86_64位 採用最小化安裝，系統經過了基本優化篇
2.mysql版本： 5.1.73-log ,同臺服務器多實例,安裝方法參考:mysql多實例安裝方法
3.源碼包存放位置：/home/oldboy/tools
4.源碼包編譯安裝位置：/application/
一.修改master配置
1.修改my.cnf配置
vi /data/3306/my.cnf
egrep "log-bin|server-id" /data/3306/my.cnf #檢查設置成如下
log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin
server-id = 1
#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
#要註釋掉.不然插入數據,會報如下錯誤
mysql> insert into stu values (1, 'txidc'),(2,'gaogao');
ERROR 1598 (HY000): Binary logging not possible. Message: Transaction level 'READ-COMMITTED' in InnoDB is not safe for binlog mode 'STATEMENT'
/data/3306/mysql start
2.mysql主庫增加用於同步用戶:
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to rep@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'mygirl99'
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-------------+
| user | host |
+------+-------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| rep | 192.168.1.% |
| root | localhost |
| root | ser200 |
+------+-------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show grants for rep@'192.168.1.%';
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for [email protected].% |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'rep'@'192.168.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*3561920064C790E42F7FBEBD0303ACC7C1EF855E' |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3.主庫鎖表只讀:此時業務會受影響.生產環境要考慮.要是停機選擇流量最小時間
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%timeout%'
-> ;
+----------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------+-------+
| connect_timeout | 10 |
| delayed_insert_timeout | 300 |
| innodb_lock_wait_timeout | 120 |
| innodb_rollback_on_timeout | OFF |
| interactive_timeout | 28800 | #交互操時時間是28800秒
| net_read_timeout | 30 |
| net_write_timeout | 60 |
| slave_net_timeout | 3600 |
| table_lock_wait_timeout | 50 |
| wait_timeout | 28800 | #連接等待時間是28800秒,這2項時間要是過短.有可能會自動解鎖表
+----------------------------+-------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4.查看主庫的位置狀態,從庫裏面是從此位置開始同步
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000008 | 832 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5.導出主庫
[root@ser200 3306]# mysqldump -uroot -p -A -B -S /data/3306/mysql.sock |gzip >/server/bak/mysql_bak.$(date +%Y%m%d).sql.gz
Enter password:
-- Warning: Skipping the data of table mysql.event. Specify the --events option explicitly.
[root@ser200 3306]# ll /server/bak/mysql_bak.20141029.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 144960 Oct 29 15:48 /server/bak/mysql_bak.20141029.sql.gz
注意事項:
-A:備份所有庫 -B,備份時增加use db 或者drop
如果數據庫超過了100G+,備份時允許停機的話.可以直接打包數據文件遷移
6.在確認下主庫的位置狀態,確保導出過程,沒有數據插入或者sql更新等操作
[root@ser200 3306]# mysql -uroot -pmybaby3306 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e 'show master status';
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000008 | 832 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
7.解鎖主庫,恢復業務
mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
二.從庫slave操作
1.修改從庫配置:
[root@ser200 3306]# cd /data/3307/
[root@ser200 3307]# vi my.cnf
[root@ser200 3307]# egrep "server-id|log-bin" my.cnf
#log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin
server-id = 2
2.導入數據庫
[root@ser200 3307]# /data/3307/mysql start
[root@ser200 3307]# gunzip /server/bak/mysql_bak.20141029.sql.gz
[root@ser200 3307]# ll /server/bak/mysql_bak.20141029.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 527860 Oct 29 15:48 /server/bak/mysql_bak.20141029.sql
[root@ser200 3307]# mysql -uroot -pmybaby3307 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock < /server/bak/mysql_bak.20141029.sql
檢查導入狀態:
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
| test3306 |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.登陸從庫.配置從庫同步參數
change master to \
master_host="192.168.1.200", \
master_user="rpe", \
master_port=3306, \
master_password="mygirl99", \
master_log_file="mysql-bin.000008", \
master_log_pos=832;
4.啓動從庫同步開關
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
報錯
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master
Master_Host: 192.168.1.200
Master_User: rpe
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 832
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
原因:
主庫的用戶名設置錯誤,造成連接不上.設置對應的就OK了
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.200
Master_User: rpe
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1329
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 748
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1329
Relay_Log_Space: 897
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
三.不停機實現主從庫
1,原理:備份數據庫記下bin-log的文件名和位置,下次導入時,從該位置開始同步就行了.
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