LAB10:Hot Standby Router Protocol（HSRP）
一、实验目的
1、掌握HSRP的应用及配置
二、实验内容
拓扑图：
需求：
1、实现链路、设备热备
三、实验配置
配置：
PC上设置好正确的IP地址，注意网关指向HSRP的虚拟地址（192.168.1.254）
1、在R1上配置HSRP
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 192.168.1.254 （设置HSRP虚拟路由器的IP地址为：192.168.1.254）
R1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 105 （设置HSRP的优先级值；值越大优先级越高）
R1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt （设置HSRP根据优先级值抢占Active角色功能）
R1(config-if)#standby 1 track fa0/1 （开启HSRP对接口的Track功能）
2、在R2上配置HSRP
R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 192.168.1.254
R2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 100（设置HSRP的优先级值；缺省为100，可以不设）
R2(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
R2(config-if)#standby 1 track fa0/1
3、在SW1上配置DHCP，宣告PC的网关地址为192.168.1.254 （略）
验证：
1、查看HSRP协议相关信息
R1#show standby
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 1
State is Active （路由器HSRP的状态）
2 state changes, last state change 00:00:06
Virtual IP address is 192.168.1.254 （HSRP的虚拟IP地址，需手动指定）
Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac01 （HSRP的虚拟MAC地址,系统自动分配）
Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac01 (v1 default)
Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec （HSRP的Hello时间）
Next hello sent in 1.924 secs
Preemption enabled （HSRP抢占功能开启）
Active router is local
Standby router is 192.168.1.2, priority 100（192.168.1.2 为HSRP的Standby路由器）
Priority 105 (configured 105) （配置的优先级值为105）
Track interface FastEthernet0/1 state Up decrement 10 （开启了Track功能，惩罚值为10）
Group name is "hsrp-Fa0/0-1" (default)（HSRP 热备组名称）
2、Debug HSRP的交互报文
R1#debug standby
*Mar 1 01:03:48.015: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Hello out 192.168.1.1 Active pri 105 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:03:48.683: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Hello in 192.168.1.2 Standby pri 100 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:03:49.135: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Hello out 192.168.1.1 Active pri 105 vIP 192.168.1.254
当R1的F0/1端口发生故障
*Mar 1 01:07:13.283: %TRACKING-5-STATE: 1 interface Fa0/1 line-protocol Up->Down
*Mar 1 01:07:13.283: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Track 1 object changed, state Up -> Down
*Mar 1 01:07:13.283: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Priority 105 -> 95
*Mar 1 01:07:13.291: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Hello in 192.168.1.2 Standby pri 100 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:07:14.487: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Hello out 192.168.1.1 Active pri 95 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:07:19.407: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface adv in, Active, active 1, passive 0, from 192.168.1.2
*Mar 1 01:07:19.411: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Active router is 192.168.1.2, was local
*Mar 1 01:07:19.411: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 active for group 1
*Mar 1 01:07:19.415: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Standby router is unknown, was 192.168.1.2
*Mar 1 01:07:19.415: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 no longer standby for group 1 (Active)
*Mar 1 01:07:19.415: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Active: g/Hello rcvd from higher pri Active router (100/192.168.1.2)
*Mar 1 01:07:19.415: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Active -> Speak
*Mar 1 01:07:19.419: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface adv out, Passive, active 0 passive 1
*Mar 1 01:07:19.419: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-1" state Active -> Speak
*Mar 1 01:07:19.419: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Resign out 192.168.1.1 Speak pri 95 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:07:19.427: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Deactivating MAC 0000.0c07.ac01
*Mar 1 01:07:19.427: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Removing 0000.0c07.ac01 from MAC address filter
*Mar 1 01:07:19.431: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 MAC addr update Delete from SMF 0000.0c07.ac01
*Mar 1 01:07:19.431: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Hello out 192.168.1.1 Speak pri 95 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:07:19.435: HSRP: Fa0/0 IP Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-1" update, Active -> Speak
*Mar 1 01:07:19.459: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface adv in, Passive, active 0, passive 1, from 192.168.1.2
*Mar 1 01:07:19.463: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Resign in 192.168.1.2 Speak pri 100 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:07:19.463: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Active router is unknown, was 192.168.1.2
*Mar 1 01:07:19.463: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 no longer active for group 1 (Speak)
*Mar 1 01:07:19.467: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 Was active or standby - start passive holddown
*Mar 1 01:07:19.467: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Hello in 192.168.1.2 Speak pri 100 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:07:19.467: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Speak: f/Hello rcvd from higher pri Speak router (100/192.168.1.2)
*Mar 1 01:07:19.471: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Speak -> Listen
*Mar 1 01:07:19.471: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-1" state Speak -> Backup
*Mar 1 01:07:19.471: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface adv in, Active, active 1, passive 1, from 192.168.1.2
*Mar 1 01:07:19.471: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 Adv in, active 1 passive 1
*Mar 1 01:07:19.475: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 is no longer passive
*Mar 1 01:07:19.475: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 destroyed
*Mar 1 01:07:19.475: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Coup in 192.168.1.2 Speak pri 100 vIP 192.168.1.254
*Mar 1 01:07:19.475: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Active router is 192.168.1.2
*Mar 1 01:07:19.479: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 created
*Mar 1 01:07:19.479: HSRP: Fa0/0 Nbr 192.168.1.2 active for group 1
*Mar 1 01:07:19.479: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface adv out, Passive, active 0 passive
*Mar 1 01:07:19.483: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface adv in, Active, active 1, passive 0, from 192.168.1.2
*Mar 1 01:07:19.483: HSRP: Fa0/0 IP Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-1" update, Speak -> Backup
*Mar 1 01:07:19.879: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Hello in 192.168.1.2 Active pri 100 vIP 192.168.1.254
四、应用场景
网络骨干链路上实现双出口链路、设备热备、负载均衡功能