1、創建一個10G的文件系統，類型爲ext4，要求開機可自動掛載至單獨數據/data目錄；
[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/test bs=10M count=1000
記錄了1000+0 的讀入
記錄了1000+0 的寫出
10485760000字節(10 GB)已複製，13.7358 秒，763 MB/秒
[root@localhost ~]# losetup /dev/loop0 /root/test
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 -L MyData /dev/loop0
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Discarding device blocks: 完成
文件系統標籤=MyData
OS type: Linux
塊大小=4096 (log=2)
分塊大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
640848 inodes, 2560000 blocks
128000 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一個數據塊=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2151677952
79 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8112 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在寫入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
-bash: vim: 未找到命令
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Dec 12 16:40:22 2015
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=a75083b6-f119-487d-a023-3f98dcfd438a /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
LABEL='MyData' /data ext4 defaults 0 0
2、顯示`netstat -tan`命令結果中以‘LISTEN’後跟0個、1個或者多個空白字符結尾的行；
centos7需要安裝net-tools纔可使用netstat工具
yum install net-tools
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tan | grep "LISTEN *$"
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
[root@localhost ~]#
3、添加用戶nginx、zabbix、tomcat、nologin以及hadoop用戶（nologin用戶的shell爲/sbin/nologin）；而後找出/etc/passwd文件中用戶名與其shell名相同的行；
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# useradd nginx
[root@localhost ~]# useradd zabbix
[root@localhost ~]# useradd tomcat
[root@localhost ~]# useradd hadoop
[root@localhost ~]# useradd nologin -s /sbin/nologin
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep "^\(.*\):.*/\1$"
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
nologin:x:1005:1005::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin
[root@localhost ~]#
4、找出/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions文件中某單詞（單詞中間可以存在下劃線）後面跟着一組小括號的行；
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions | grep "[a-z | _]()"
systemctl_redirect () {
checkpid() {
__pids_var_run() {
__pids_pidof() {
daemon() {
killproc() {
pidfileofproc() {
pidofproc() {
status() {
echo_success() {
echo_failure() {
echo_passed() {
echo_warning() {
update_boot_stage() {
success() {
failure() {
passed() {
warning() {
action() {
strstr() {
is_ignored_file() {
is_true() {
is_false() {
apply_sysctl() {
[root@localhost ~]#
5、使用echo輸出一個路徑，而後egrep找出其路徑基名；進一步的使用egrep取出其目錄名（注意是目錄名，而非目錄路徑）；
[root@localhost ~]# echo "/etc/text" | egrep -o "[^/]*$"
text
[root@localhost ~]# echo "/etc/text" | egrep -o ".*/" | egrep -o ".*[^/]"
/etc
[root@localhost ~]#
6、查找/usr目錄下不屬於root、bin或hadoop的所有文件；
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# find /usr -not \( -user root -o -user bin -o -user hadoop \) -ls
210602 0 drwx------ 2 polkitd root 6 6月 10 2014 /usr/share/polkit-1/rules.d
[root@localhost ~]#
7、某天系統被***了，***在你係統下留下***文件:
現需要查找當前系統上沒有屬主或屬組，且最近一週內曾被訪問過的所有文件；
另外，需要查找/etc目錄下大於20k且類型爲普通文件的所有文件；
[root@localhost ~]# clear
[root@localhost ~]# find / -atime -7 -nouser -o -nogroup
find: ‘/proc/2590/task/2590/fd/6’: 沒有那個文件或目錄
find: ‘/proc/2590/task/2590/fdinfo/6’: 沒有那個文件或目錄
find: ‘/proc/2590/fd/6’: 沒有那個文件或目錄
find: ‘/proc/2590/fdinfo/6’: 沒有那個文件或目錄
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -type f -size +20K
find: 無效的 -size 類型“K”
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -type f -size +20k
/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/cacerts
/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/ca-bundle.trust.crt
/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem
/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/email-ca-bundle.pem
/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/objsign-ca-bundle.pem
/etc/pki/nssdb/cert8.db
/etc/udev/hwdb.bin
/etc/services
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
/etc/ssh/moduli
/etc/dnsmasq.conf
/etc/lvm/lvm.conf
/etc/selinux/targeted/contexts/files/file_contexts
/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/base.pp
/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/file_contexts
/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/file_contexts.template
/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/apache.pp
/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/init.pp
/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/staff.pp
/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/sysadm.pp
/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/unprivuser.pp
/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/virt.pp
/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/xguest.pp
/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/xserver.pp
/etc/selinux/targeted/policy/policy.29
/etc/openldap/certs/cert8.db
/etc/postfix/access
/etc/postfix/header_checks
/etc/postfix/main.cf
[root@localhost ~]#
8、創建目錄/test/data，讓某組內普通用戶對其有寫權限，且創建的所有文件的屬組爲目錄所屬的組；此外，每個用戶僅能刪除自己的文件。
mkdir -p /test/data
chmod -R 1774 /test/data