實驗環境：
1、導出環境：RedHat6.4+Oracle 11.2.0.4.0，利用數據庫自帶的scott示例用戶進行試驗測試。
Directory：wjq à /tmp/seiang_wjq
2、導入環境：Centos7.1+Oracle 12.2.0.1.0 Oracle12c默認沒有scott用戶
Directory：imp_wjq à /tmp/imp_comsys
一、導出數據：
特別注意：如果後續要導入的數據庫版本低，所有導出命令就需要在後面加一個version=指定版本。例如11g -> 10g，假設10g具體版本爲10.2.0.1，那麼就加一個版本的參數version=10.2.0.1。
1. 首先需要創建Directory
注意：目錄在系統上需要真實存在（mkdir /tmp/seiang_wjq），且有訪問的權限。
2. 使用expdp導出用戶數據
2.1 只導出scott用戶的元數據，且不包含統計信息；
[oracle@seiangwjq ~]$ expdp system directory=wjq schemas=scott content=metadata_onlyexclude=statistics dumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=scott_meta.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:17:16 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=wjq schemas=scott content=metadata_only exclude=statistics dumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=scott_meta.log
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_meta.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Mon Apr 24 14:17:48 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:21
2.2 只導出scott用戶的數據；
[oracle@seiangwjq ~]$ expdp system directory=wjq schemas=scott content=data_only dumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=scott_data.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:22:36 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=wjq schemas=scott content=data_only dumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=scott_data.log
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_data.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Mon Apr 24 14:22:47 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:06
2.3 只導出scott用戶下的emp，dept表及數據；
[oracle@seiangwjq ~]$ expdp scott directory=wjq tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:25:37 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
ORA-39002: invalid operation
ORA-39070: Unable to open the log file.
ORA-39087: directory name WJQ is invalid
這裏如果用scott用戶導出，需要注意scott用戶對於directory的權限問題：需要dba用戶賦予scott用戶read,write目錄的權限。
[oracle@seiangwjq ~]$ expdp scott directory=wjq tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmplogfile=scott_emp_dept.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:28:18 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real ApplicationTesting options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=wjq tables=emp,deptdumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept.log
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 128 KB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_emp_dept.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 14:28:35 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:09
2.4 只導出scott用戶下的emp，dept表結構；
[oracle@seiangwjq ~]$ expdp scott directory=wjq tables=emp,dept content=metadata_onlydumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:34:07 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real ApplicationTesting options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=wjq tables=emp,deptcontent=metadata_only dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmplogfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.log
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 14:34:21 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:08
2.5 導出scott用戶下所有的內容；
[oracle@seiangwjq ~]$ expdp system directory=wjq schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all.dmplogfile=scott_all.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:38:10 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real ApplicationTesting options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=wjq schemas=scottdumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=scott_all.log
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_all.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 14:38:30 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:16
2.6 並行導出scott用戶下所有的內容；
[oracle@seiangwjq ~]$ expdp system directory=wjq schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmplogfile=scott_all.log parallel=2
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:44:04 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real ApplicationTesting options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=wjq schemas=scottdumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=scott_all.log parallel=2
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_all01.dmp
/tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_all02.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 14:44:27 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:15
3. 查詢當前用戶用到的表空間
二、導入數據
導入準備：將剛纔從11g數據庫導出的內容通過scp發送給12c
1. 首先需要創建Directory
2. 使用impdp導入用戶數據
2.1 導入scott用戶的元數據，且不包含統計信息；
[oracle@seiang ~]$ impdp system directory=imp_wjq dumpfile=scott_meta.dmplogfile=imp_scott_meta.log
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 15:26:30 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0- 64bit Production
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": system/******** directory=imp_wjqdumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=imp_scott_meta.log
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 15:27:15 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:20
2.2 導入scott用戶的數據；
只有在2.1導入元數據後纔可以導入數據。
[oracle@seiang ~]$ impdp system directory=imp_wjq dumpfile=scott_data.dmplogfile=imp_scott_data.log
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 15:29:27 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": system/******** directory=imp_wjqdumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=imp_scott_data.log
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 15:29:44 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:12
2.3 只導入scott用戶下的emp表及數據；
[oracle@seiang ~]$ impdp scott directory=imp_wjq tables=empdumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=imp_scott_emp.log
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 15:40:56 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
ORA-39002:invalid operation
ORA-39070:Unable to open the log file.
ORA-39087:directory name IMP_WJQ is invalid
因爲在導入的時候沒有給imp_wjq目錄賦予read和write的權限，所以會出現上面的錯誤，下面就給imp_wjq目錄授權：
[oracle@seiang ~]$ impdp scott directory=imp_wjq tables=emp dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmplogfile=imp_scott_emp.log
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 15:45:03 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0- 64bit Production
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=imp_wjq tables=empdumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=imp_scott_emp.log
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39151:Table "SCOTT"."EMP" exists. All dependent metadata and datawill be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" completed with1 error(s) at Mon Apr 24 15:45:13 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:04
2.4 只導入scott用戶下的emp,dept表結構；
由於之前2.1、2.2、2.3導入的執行，所有的表都已成功導入，爲了接下來的實驗，我們把scott用戶下存在的表都刪掉；
[oracle@seiang ~]$ impdp scott directory=imp_wjq tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmplogfile=imp_scott_emp_dept_meta.log
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 15:59:16 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=imp_wjqtables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmplogfile=imp_scott_emp_dept_meta.log
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 15:59:22 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:02
由於導出就是emp,dept兩張表，所以也可以不指定tables，以下兩種寫法在這裏都是可以的：
[oracle@seiang ~]$ impdp scott directory=imp_wjqdumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=imp_scott_emp_dept_meta.log
或者
[oracle@seiang ~]$ impdp scott directory=imp_wjqdumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=imp_scott_emp_dept_meta.log full=y
2.5 導入scott用戶下所有的內容；
如果是在2.4基礎上直接導入，會因爲emp,dept表已經存在導致導入過程中會由於table_exists_action參數的默認選項是skip，從而跳過emp，dept表數據的導入，如下：
[oracle@seiang ~]$ impdp system directory=imp_wjq schemas=scottdumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=imp_scott_all.log
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 16:06:28 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=imp_wjqschemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=imp_scott_all.log
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
ORA-31684:Object type USER:"SCOTT" already exists
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39151:Table "SCOTT"."EMP" exists. All dependent metadata and datawill be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip
ORA-39151:Table "SCOTT"."DEPT" exists. All dependent metadata anddata will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completedwith 3 error(s) at Mon Apr 24 16:06:38 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:05
所以這時我們想導入這些數據，可以加參數 table_exists_action，指定想要的選項。
TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION
Action to take if imported object already exists.
Valid keywords are: APPEND, REPLACE,[SKIP] and TRUNCATE.
這裏選擇truncate，即如果表存在，那麼處理方式是truncate此表後導入文件中包含的數據。
[oracle@seiang ~]$ impdp system directory=imp_wjq schemas=scott table_exists_action=truncatedumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=imp_scott_all.log
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 16:17:44 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=imp_wjqschemas=scott table_exists_action=truncate dumpfile=scott_all.dmplogfile=imp_scott_all.log
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
ORA-31684: Object type USER:"SCOTT" already exists
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39120:Table "SCOTT"."DEPT" can't be truncated, data will beskipped. Failing error is:
ORA-02266:unique/primary keys in table referenced by enabled foreign keys
ORA-00955:name is already used by an existing object
Table"SCOTT"."SALGRADE" exists and has been truncated. Data will be loaded but all dependent metadata will be skipped dueto table_exists_action of truncate
Table"SCOTT"."BONUS" exists and has been truncated. Data will be loaded but all dependent metadata will be skipped dueto table_exists_action of truncate
Table"SCOTT"."EMP" exists and has been truncated. Data will be loaded but all dependent metadata will be skipped dueto table_exists_action of truncate
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
ORA-31693: Table data object "SCOTT"."EMP"failed to load/unload and is being skipped due to error:
ORA-02291: integrity constraint (SCOTT.FK_DEPTNO) violated - parentkey not found
. . imported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
ORA-39112: Dependent object typeINDEX:"SCOTT"."PK_DEPT" skipped, base object typeTABLE:"SCOTT"."DEPT" creation failed
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
ORA-39112: Dependent object typeCONSTRAINT:"SCOTT"."PK_DEPT" skipped, base object typeTABLE:"SCOTT"."DEPT" creation failed
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completedwith 5 error(s) at Mon Apr 24 16:18:00 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:
注意：如果這裏選用append選項，那麼如果原表有數據，且沒有合理的約束條件，則可能導致數據的重複導入，所以，在生產環境實際導入過程中一定要弄清楚數據的實際情況才能準確決定如何選用此參數的選項。
2.6 並行導入scott用戶下所有的內容；
[oracle@seiang ~]$ impdp system directory=imp_wjq schemas=scott table_exists_action=replacedumpfile=scott_all%U.dmplogfile=imp_scott_all_U.log parallel=2
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 16:26:42 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=imp_wjqschemas=scott table_exists_action=replace dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmplogfile=imp_scott_all_U.log parallel=2
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
ORA-31684:Object type USER:"SCOTT" already exists
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completedwith 1 error(s) at Mon Apr 24 16:26:52 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:06
3. 特殊需求
特殊需求環境準備：
（1）創建表空間user2：SYS@ORCL>create tablespace user2 datafile ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/user02.dbf'size 20M autoextend on maxsize 5G;
（2）創建用戶scott2：SYS@ORCL>create user scott2 identified by tiger defaulttablespace user2;
（3）賦權用戶scott2：SYS@ORCL>grant connect, resource to scott2;
3.1 如果導入環境的用戶不同；
需求：將原scott用戶的數據導入到現在的scott2用戶。
[oracle@seiang orcl]$ impdp system directory=imp_wjq schemas=scott remap_schema=scott:scott2table_exists_action=replacedumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=imp_scott2_all.log parallel=2
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 16:46:13 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=imp_wjqschemas=scott remap_schema=scott:scott2 table_exists_action=replacedumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=imp_scott2_all.log parallel=2
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
ORA-31684: Object type USER:"SCOTT2" already exists
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT2"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . imported "SCOTT2"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
. . imported "SCOTT2"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . imported "SCOTT2"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completedwith 1 error(s) at Mon Apr 24 16:46:24 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:06
3.2 如果導入環境的表空間也不同；
需求：將原users表空間的對象重定向到users2表空間。
[oracle@seiang orcl]$ impdp system directory=imp_wjq schemas=scottremap_schema=scott:scott2 remap_tablespace=users:user2table_exists_action=replace dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=imp_scott2_all.logparallel=2
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 16:47:59 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=imp_wjqschemas=scott remap_schema=scott:scott2 remap_tablespace=users:user2table_exists_action=replace dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=imp_scott2_all.logparallel=2
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
ORA-31684: Object type USER:"SCOTT2" already exists
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT2"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . imported "SCOTT2"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
. . imported "SCOTT2"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . imported "SCOTT2"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completedwith 1 error(s) at Mon Apr 24 16:48:10 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:06
根據結果，可以發現導入的日誌最後都提示有一個錯誤，往上查發現是報錯ORA-31684用戶已存在，這是因爲我們習慣在導入前建立好對應的用戶，避免一些其他的權限錯誤，所以這個錯誤是可以忽略的。當然其實如果我們已經建立了對應的表空間，用戶也是可以不事先建立的，在導入的時候，如果用戶不存在，會自動創建用戶；
作者：SEian.G（苦練七十二變，笑對八十一難） ◇本文在ITPUB：http://blog.itpub.net/31015730/ 51CTO：http://seiang.blog.51cto.com/上有同步更新 ◇本文itpub地址：http://blog.itpub.net/31015730/viewspace-2137909/ ◇本文51CTO地址：http://seiang.blog.51cto.com/10819863/1919003
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