Pxe +ks+ cobbler+ cobbler-web 實現centos6.7,centos7.2無人值守全自動化網絡安裝系統。
實驗環境：一臺centos7.2 主機 一塊網卡 vnet1 10.0.0.10/8 靜態ip地址。兩臺測試安裝centos6.7及centos7.2的虛擬機，網卡各1塊，都是vnet1，網卡啓動（bios裏調）
由於cobbler軟件包，是epel源的，所以安裝epel源。
Wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm（centos7與centos6的epel源不同）
Rpm -ivh epel-lease-latest.noarch
安裝的結果：加了一個yum創庫配置文件及配置和此創庫軟件包校驗簽名的公鑰文件/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM_GPG_KEY_EPEL-7
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
安裝相關軟件：
Yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web bind dhcp syslinux (httpd,tftp-server........會關聯安裝上）
Systemctl stop firewalld setenforce 0
[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection modify eno16777728 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 10.0.0.10/8
[root@localhost Desktop]# systemctl restart network
配置cobbler 其主配置文件/etc/cobbler/setting
server:10.0.0.10
next_server:10.0.0.10----------是dhcp裏配置next-server的地址即爲tftp-server地址
default_password_crypted:"$1$love$sMbBwgqmuHcawBZ7sh04c0"
[root@localhost Desktop]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'love' '11qq```'
$1$love$sMbBwgqmuHcawBZ7sh04c0
Manage_dhcp:1
Manage_dns:1
Manage_tftpd:1
Bind_master:10.0.0.10
配置cobbler管理的服務的配置模板文件：
Vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp-template------------dhcp模板文件
subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 {
# option routers 192.168.1.5;
option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.10;
option subnet-mask 255.0.0.0;
range dynamic-bootp 10.0.0.100 10.0.0.200;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
[root@localhost Desktop]# cat /etc/cobbler/zone.template---------------dns模板文件
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA ns1.wudang.com. admin.wudang.com. (
2016081401 ; Serial
600 ; Refresh
1800 ; Retry
604800 ; Expire
300 ) ; TTL
IN NS ns1
ns1 IN A 10.0.0.10
www IN A 10.0.0.10
Systemctl start httpd
Systemctl start cobbler
如果能上互聯網：cobbler get-loaders (去cobbler的自己專門的網站下載loaders文件到自己本地的數據目錄/var/lib/cobbler/loaders)
如果不能上互聯網：可以cp syslinux提供的文件
Cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders
Cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders
Cp /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk /var/lib/cobbler/loaders
安裝cobbler
在tftp-server的根目錄下安裝了幾個空目錄：[root@localhost Desktop]# ls /var/lib/tftpboot/*
/var/lib/tftpboot/boot:
/var/lib/tftpboot/etc:
/var/lib/tftpboot/grub:
/var/lib/tftpboot/images:
/var/lib/tftpboot/images2:
/var/lib/tftpboot/ppc:
/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg:
/var/lib/tftpboot/s390x:
在httpd 的/var/www/cobbler下安裝了幾個目錄，有些目錄下還有幾個文件：
[root@localhost Desktop]# ls /var/www/cobbler/*（站點的cobbler靜態數據）
/var/www/cobbler/aux:
anamon anamon.init
/var/www/cobbler/images:
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror:
config
/var/www/cobbler/links:
/var/www/cobbler/localmirror:
/var/www/cobbler/pub:
/var/www/cobbler/rendered:
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror:
/var/www/cobbler/svc:
services.py services.pyc services.pyo
自己的數據目錄：
[root@localhost Desktop]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/*
/var/lib/cobbler/distro_signatures.json
/var/lib/cobbler/config:
distros.d files.d images.d mgmtclasses.d packages.d profiles.d repos.d systems.d
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts:
default.ks install_profiles sample_autoyast.xml sample_esxi4.ks sample_old.seed
esxi4-ks.cfg legacy.ks sample_end.ks sample_esxi5.ks sample.seed
esxi5-ks.cfg pxerescue.ks sample_esx4.ks sample.ks
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders:
memdisk menu.c32 pxelinux.0
/var/lib/cobbler/scripts:
preseed_early_default preseed_late_default
/var/lib/cobbler/snippets:
cobbler_register kickstart_done networking.xml pre_partition_select
download_config_files kickstart_start partition_select preseed_apt_repo_config
download_config_files_deb koan_environment post_anamon proxy.xml
func_install_if_enabled late_apt_repo_config post_install_kernel_options puppet_install_if_enabled
func_register_if_enabled log_ks_post post_install_network_config puppet_register_if_enabled
hosts.xml log_ks_post_nochroot post_install_network_config_deb redhat_register
kdump.xml log_ks_pre post_koan_add_reinstall_entry restore_boot_device
keep_cfengine_keys main_partition_select post_run_deb rhn_certificate_based_register
keep_files network_config post_s390_reboot save_boot_device
keep_rhn_keys network_config_esx pre_anamon suse_scriptwrapper.xml
keep_ssh_host_keys network_config_esxi pre_install_network_config
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers:
add change delete install sync
/var/lib/cobbler/webui_sessions:
Vim /etc/xinetd/tftp disable = no
[root@localhost Desktop]# systemctl start tftp.socket
[root@localhost Desktop]#
[root@localhost Desktop]# systemctl start rsyncd.socket
注意：所有的服務的ip地址要相同。
Cobbler check 檢查cobbler 工作環境是否滿足條件。不滿足，按照提示配置使其滿足條件即可。
[root@localhost Desktop]# cobbler sync
task started: 2016-08-14_154703_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Aug 14 15:47:03 2016)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
Systemctl start dhcpd systemctl start tftp.service
[root@localhost Desktop]# cp /etc/cobbler/zone.template /var/named/wudang
[root@localhost Desktop]# named-checkzone "wudang.com" /var/named/wudang
zone wudang.com/IN: loaded serial 2016081401
OK
[root@localhost Desktop]# named-checkconf /etc/named.conf
Systemclt start named
所有服務一切正常工作，萬事俱備，只欠東風，只差distro和ks文件，先用cobbler-web 來管理。(python寫的動態網站程序）
Vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/cobbler_web.conf
# SSLRequireSSL
# N***equireSSL
# SSLRequireSSL
# N***equireSSL
註釋掉上述四行，不能提示沒有權限。（Centos6.7，不用註釋）
Cobbler-web的管理賬號：
[root@localhost Desktop]# htdigest -c /etc/cobbler/users.digest Cobbler lili
Adding password for lili in realm Cobbler.
New password:
Re-type new password:
Systemctl restart httpd
http://10.0.0.10/cobbler_web (腳本路徑別名）
Yum -y install system-config-kickstart
Systemctl-config-kickstarts（在gui下運行），生成kickstart文件
生成Centos6.7的ks文件：/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6ks.cfg
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use network installation
url --url="http://www.wudang.com/cobbler/links/centos6.7-x86_64"
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$xVtPuisx$X3B4rqKlzJKYLO7JiceSG1
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
text
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Reboot after installation
Reboot# System timezone
timezone Africa/Abidjan
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr --md5pass="$1$ipBQVdC5$.8/AhDSGAzf10urvR6rcm."
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part / --fstype="ext4" --size=10240
part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=1024
%post
useradd tom
echo '11qq```' | passwd --stdin tom
%end
%packages
@base
@basic-desktop
@x11
1,1 Top
生成centos7.2的ks文件：/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7ks.cfg
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$LYe2x3i4$n/fkJEqo//QaFYUQAYvmk/
# System timezone
timezone Africa/Abidjan
# Use network installation
url --url="http://www.wudang.com/cobbler/links/centos7.2-x86_64"
# System language
lang en_US
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
#graphical
text
firstboot --disable
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
autopart --type=lvm
%packages
@^graphical-server-environment
@base
@core
@desktop-debugging
@dial-up
@fonts@guest-desktop-agents
@input-methods
@internet-browser
@multimedia
@print-client
@x11
kexec-tools
%end
%post
useradd jack
echo '11qq```' | passwd --stdin jack
%end
@gnome-desktop
@guest-agents
1,1 Top
Cobbler導入distro
Mount /dev/sr0 /mnt 掛載centos7.2安裝光盤
Cobble import --name=centos7.2 --path=/mnt
刪除默認的profile
[root@localhost Desktop]# cobbler profile remove --name=centos7.2-x86_64
添加一個profile /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7ks.cfg
[root@localhost Desktop]# cobbler profile add --name=7.2 --distro=centos7.2-x86_64 kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7ks.cfg
同理：
Umount /dev/sr0
Mount /dev/sr0 /mnt 掛載centos6.7的光盤
Cobbler import --name=centos6.7 --path=/mnt
刪除默認的profile
[root@localhost Desktop]# cobbler profile remove --name=centos6.7-x86_64
添加一個profile /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7ks.cfg
[root@localhost Desktop]# cobbler profile add --name=6.7 --distro=centos6.7-x86_64 kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6ks.cfg
測試dns
dig www.wudang.com @10.0.0.10
[root@localhost Desktop]# dig www.wudang.com @10.0.0.10
; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-29.el7 <<>> www.wudang.com @10.0.0.10
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 48102
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.wudang.com.INA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.wudang.com.86400INA10.0.0.10
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
wudang.com.86400INNSns1.wudang.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.wudang.com.86400INA10.0.0.10
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 10.0.0.10#53(10.0.0.10)
;; WHEN: Sun Aug 14 16:55:48 CST 2016
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 93
Dns工作正常。
安裝測試：centos6.7虛擬機：
網卡啓動:
Centos7.2虛擬機安裝：
網卡啓動:
總結：一個distro 可以結合多個不同的ks文件，生成這個發行版的多個不同的profile文件，滿足多個不同的安裝需要。
Cobbler 可以讓配置更加簡單，/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default自動生成，profile自動生成。