因公司使用的系統爲gentoo，故安裝gentoo並做個筆記，以下驟來自http://showerlee.blog.51cto.com/2047005/1314053。
所需的鏡像文件和軟件包地址：
http://mirror.sohu.com/gentoo/releases/x86/current-iso/install-x86-minimal-20140415.iso
http://mirror.sohu.com/gentoo/releases/x86/current-iso/stage3-i686-20140415.tar.bz2
http://mirror.sohu.com/gentoo/releases/snapshots/current/portage-latest.tar.bz2
1）引導啓動後輸入如下命令
boot:gentoo dopcmcia
2）配置root用戶密碼
livecd~#passwd root
3）開啓ssh服務
livecd~#/etc/init.d/sshd start
4）因爲我使用的連接方式爲：與我的ＭＡＣ共享，所以現在已通過 dhcp服務器獲取到了ＩＰ，並可以上網
livecd ~ # ifconfig
enp2s1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.16.82.132 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.16.82.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7f:8c8d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:7f:8c:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 83 bytes 10212 (9.9 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 74 bytes 12851 (12.5 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
device interrupt 19 base 0x2000
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 6 bytes 212 (212.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 6 bytes 212 (212.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
livecd ~ # ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (115.239.210.27) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 115.239.210.27: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=10.7 ms
64 bytes from 115.239.210.27: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=11.3 ms
64 bytes from 115.239.210.27: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=12.4 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 10.733/11.507/12.465/0.724 ms
livecd ~ #5）對硬盤分區
分區方案：/boot 200M swap 1024M / 剩餘所有空間
livecd ~ #fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x551a2ca1
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
livecd ~ #
livecd ~ # fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.22.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-125829119, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-125829119, default 125829119): +200M
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 200 MiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 2): 2
First sector (411648-125829119, default 411648):
Using default value 411648
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (411648-125829119, default 125829119): +1024M
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 3): 3
First sector (2508800-125829119, default 2508800):
Using default value 2508800
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2508800-125829119, default 125829119):
Using default value 125829119
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 58.8 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x551a2ca1
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 411648 2508799 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 2508800 125829119 61660160 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
livecd ~ #6）將/dev/sda1和/dev/sda3格式化爲ext4文件系統，將/dev/sda2格式化爲swap文件分區
livecd ~ # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 mke2fs 1.42.7 (21-Jan-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 51200 inodes, 204800 blocks 10240 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008 25 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2048 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (4096 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done livecd ~ # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3 mke2fs 1.42.7 (21-Jan-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 3858432 inodes, 15415040 blocks 770752 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=0 471 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done livecd ~ # mkswap /dev/sda2 mkswap: /dev/sda2: warning: wiping old swap signature. Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1048572 KiB no label, UUID=0cd7ad9e-0192-4e68-bf4b-bb80ec54b351 livecd ~ # swapon /dev/sda2 livecd ~ # swapon -s Filename Type Size Used Priority /dev/sda2 partition 1048572 0 -1 livecd ~ #
7）創建系統臨時掛載點
livecd ~ # mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/gentoo livecd ~ # mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot livecd ~ # mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot livecd ~ #
8）下載系統編譯包portage和stage3到/mnt/gentoo目錄下
livecd ~ # cd /mnt/gentoo/ livecd gentoo # pwd /mnt/gentoo livecd gentoo # ll total 17 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 1024 May 6 10:02 boot drwx------ 2 root root 16384 May 6 10:03 lost+found livecd gentoo # livecd gentoo # ll total 237849 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 1024 May 6 10:02 boot drwx------ 2 root root 16384 May 6 10:03 lost+found -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 69680314 May 4 00:45 portage-latest.tar.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 173858657 Apr 15 14:25 stage3-i686-20140415.tar.bz2
9）解壓stage3和portage兩個文件
livecd gentoo # tar xf stage3-i686-20140415.tar.bz2 livecd gentoo # tar xf portage-latest.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/gentoo/usr livecd gentoo #
10）切換系統到/dev/sda3根分區上並更新系統環境變量
livecd gentoo # mount -t proc none /mnt/gentoo/proc livecd gentoo # mount -o bind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev livecd gentoo # chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash livecd / # env-update >>> Regenerating /etc/ld.so.cache... livecd / # source /etc/profile livecd / # export PS1="(HBSSLIULEI)$PS1" (HBSSLIULEI)livecd / #
11）設置時區
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd / # cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime (HBSSLIULEI)livecd / #
12）設置主機名
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd / # cat /etc/conf.d/hostname # Set to the hostname of this machine hostname="localhost" (HBSSLIULEI)livecd / # sed -i 's/localhost/gentoo-02/' /etc/conf.d/hostname (HBSSLIULEI)livecd / # (HBSSLIULEI)livecd / # cat /etc/conf.d/hostname # Set to the hostname of this machine hostname="gentoo-02" (HBSSLIULEI)livecd / # (HBSSLIULEI)livecd / # echo "127.0.0.1 gentoo-02 localhost" > /etc/hosts (HBSSLIULEI)livecd / # cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 gentoo-02 localhost (HBSSLIULEI)livecd / #
13）設置ＤＮＳ
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd / # echo "nameserver 172.16.82.2" >> /etc/resolv.conf (HBSSLIULEI)livecd / # cat /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 172.16.82.2 (HBSSLIULEI)livecd / #
14）安裝內核源碼
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd / # emerge gentoo-sources * IMPORTANT: 6 news items need reading for repository 'gentoo'. * Use eselect news to read news items. Calculating dependencies... done! >>> Verifying ebuild manifests >>> Emerging (1 of 2) sys-devel/bc-1.06.95 * Fetching files in the background. To view fetch progress, run * `tail -f /var/log/emerge-fetch.log` in another terminal. >>> Recording sys-kernel/gentoo-sources in "world" favorites file... * Messages for package sys-kernel/gentoo-sources-3.12.13: * If you are upgrading from a previous kernel, you may be interested * in the following document: * - General upgrade guide: http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/kernel-upgrade.xml >>> Auto-cleaning packages... >>> No outdated packages were found on your system. * Regenerating GNU info directory index... * Processed 77 info files. * IMPORTANT: 6 news items need reading for repository 'gentoo'. * Use eselect news to read news items. (HBSSLIULEI)livecd / #
15）安裝自動編譯內核工具genkernel
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd / # emerge genkernel ……. >>> Auto-cleaning packages... >>> No outdated packages were found on your system. * Regenerating GNU info directory index... * Processed 78 info files. * IMPORTANT: 6 news items need reading for repository 'gentoo'. * Use eselect news to read news items. (HBSSLIULEI)livecd / #
16）複製安裝光盤的配置文件到genkernel搜索配置文件的默認位置
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd / # zcat /proc/config.gz > /usr/share/genkernel/arch/x86/kernel-config (HBSSLIULEI)livecd / #
17）運行genkernel
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd / # cd /usr/src/ (HBSSLIULEI)livecd src # ll bash: ll: command not found (HBSSLIULEI)livecd src # ls linux linux-3.12.13-gentoo (HBSSLIULEI)livecd src # mv linux linux.bak (HBSSLIULEI)livecd src # ln -s linux-3.12.13-gentoo linux (HBSSLIULEI)livecd src # ls linux linux-3.12.13-gentoo linux.bak (HBSSLIULEI)livecd src # (HBSSLIULEI)livecd src # genkernel all 漫長的等待 * Gentoo Linux Genkernel; Version 3.4.45.1 * Running with options: all * Kernel compiled successfully! * * Required Kernel Parameters: * root=/dev/$ROOT * * Where $ROOT is the device node for your root partition as the * one specified in /etc/fstab * * If you require Genkernel's hardware detection features; you MUST * tell your bootloader to use the provided INITRAMFS file. * WARNING... WARNING... WARNING... * Additional kernel cmdline arguments that *may* be required to boot properly... * With support for several ext* filesystems available, it may be needed to * add "rootfstype=ext3" or "rootfstype=ext4" to the list of boot parameters. * Do NOT report kernel bugs as genkernel bugs unless your bug * is about the default genkernel configuration... * * Make sure you have the latest ~arch genkernel before reporting bugs. (HBSSLIULEI)livecd src #
18）查看內核和initrd的名字
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd src # ls /boot/ System.map-genkernel-x86-3.12.13-gentoo kernel-genkernel-x86-3.12.13-gentoo initramfs-genkernel-x86-3.12.13-gentoo lost+found (HBSSLIULEI)livecd src #
19）安裝vim編輯器
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd src # emerge vim
20）修改fstab文件
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd src # vim /etc/fstab 在尾部添加 /dev/sda1 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sda3 / ext4 defaults 1 1
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd src # vim /etc/fstab
21）配置網絡
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd src # vim /etc/conf.d/net config_enp2s1="172.16.82.128/24" routes_enp2s1="default via 172.16.82.2" (HBSSLIULEI)livecd src # (HBSSLIULEI)livecd src # ln -s /etc/init.d/net.lo /etc/init.d/net.enp2s1 (HBSSLIULEI)livecd src # rc-update add net.enp2s1 default (HBSSLIULEI)livecd src #echo "nameserver 172.16.82.2" >> /etc/resolv.conf (HBSSLIULEI)livecd src # rc-update add sshd default
22）設置新安裝gentoo系統用戶root密碼
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ # passwd root New password: Retype new password: passwd: password updated successfully (HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ #
23）配置時區
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ # vim /etc/conf.d/clock TIMEZONE="Asia/Shanghai"
24）安裝常用系統工具
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ # emerge syslog-ng (HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ # emerge logrotate (HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ # emerge vixie-cron (HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ # emerge dhcpcd (HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ # emerge slocate
25）加入開機自啓動
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ # rc-update add syslog-ng default * service syslog-ng added to runlevel default (HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ # rc-update add vixie-cron default * service vixie-cron added to runlevel default (HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ #
26）配置默認編輯器
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ # echo "export EDITOR='/usr/bin/vim'" >> /etc/profile (HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ # 27）安裝grub (HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ # emerge grub
28）配置grub
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ # grub2-install --no-floppy /dev/sda Installation finished. No error reported. (HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ # grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg Generating grub.cfg ... Found linux image: /boot/kernel-genkernel-x86-3.12.13-gentoo Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-genkernel-x86-3.12.13-gentoo done (HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ # (HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ #reboot
29）收尾，刪除stage3,portage文件
(HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ #rm -f /stage3-*.tar.bz2 (HBSSLIULEI)livecd ~ #rm -f /portage-lates.tar.bz2