一、LNMMP
LNMMP環境是Linux + Nginx + Memcached + MySQL + PhP，即LNMP + memcached。
Memcached 是一個高性能的分佈式內存對象緩存系統，用於動態Web應用以減輕數據庫負載。它通過在內存中緩存數據和對象來減少讀取數據庫的次數，從而提供動態、數據庫驅動網站的速度。Memcached基於一個存儲鍵/值對的hashmap。其守護進程（daemon ）是用C寫的，但是客戶端可以用任何語言來編寫，並通過memcached協議與守護進程通信。
二、工程拓撲
三、安裝nginx服務器
1）部署開發環境
# yum -y install "Development tools" "Server Platform Development"
2）解決依賴 pcre-devel openssl-devel
# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel
3) 設置用戶
# groupadd -r nginx
# useradd -r -g nginx nginx
4）編譯安裝nginx-1.4.7
# tar xf nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz
# cd nginx-1.4.7
# ./configure --prefix=/usr --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=\ /var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \--user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_flv_module --with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module --http-client-body-temp-path=\ /var/tmp/nginx/client/ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=\
/var/tmp/nginx/scgi --with-pcre
# make && make install
5）檢測配置文件語法
# /usr/sbin/nginx -t
6) 提供啓動腳本
# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
內容如下
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
7)爲服務腳本賦予執行權限
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
8）添加到系統服務並開機啓動
# chkconfig --add nginx
# chkconfig nginx on
# chkconfig --list nigx
9) 設置nginx配置文件的語法高亮
# mkdir ./vim/syntax -pv
# cd .vim/syntax
# wget http://www.vim.org/scripts/download_script.php?src_id=19394
# cd .vim
# vim filetype.vim 內容如下
au BufRead,BufNewFile /etc/nginx/*,/usr/local/nginx/conf/* if &ft == '' | setfiletype nginx | endif
10）啓動服務
# service nginx start
# ss -tnalp | grep nginx四、安裝MySQL服務器
1.安裝
1 2 | # tar xf mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql 創建軟連接，易於操作 |
2.爲數據庫創建數據目錄
#mkdri -pv /mydata/data3.新建用戶以安全方式運行進程
1 2 3 4 5 | #groupadd -r mysql //創建系統組mysql#useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql -M -D /mydata/data mysql//創建系統用戶mysql#chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data//設置目錄屬主屬組 |
4.初始化mysql
1 2 3 4 5 | # cd /usr/local/mysql# scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mydata/data --user=mysql//初始化數據庫# chown -R root .//設置當前目錄所有文件屬主爲root |
5.提供腳本
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | #cd /usr/local/mysql#cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld//設置腳本mysqld#chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld//給腳本執行權限# chkconfig --add mysqld//添加開機啓動# chkconfig mysqld on |
6.提供配文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | #cd /usr/local/mysql#cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf#vim /etc/my.cnfthread_concurrency = 2//修改，併發線程數，bithread_concurrency的值爲CPU個數乘以2datadir = /mydata/data#添加,mysql數據文件的存放路徑： |
7.其他配置
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | # vim /etc/profile.d/mysqld.shexportPATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH# source /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh#vim /etc/man.configMANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man//添加此行# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql//輸出mysql的頭文件至系統頭文件路徑/usr/include# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf//輸出mysql的庫文件給系統庫#ldconfig //重載系統庫： |
8.啓動服務
# service mysqld start # ss -tnl | grep 3306
9.用戶初始化
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | #mysqlmysql> use mysqlmysql> selecthost,user,password from user;mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE user = ''; //刪除空用戶mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE user = '::1'; //刪除ipv6用戶mysql> UPDATE user SET password = PASSWORD('Hoolee') WHERE password = '';//爲root用戶設置密碼mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; |
五、安裝php服務器
1.解決開發環境和依賴關係
1 2 3 | # yum -y install bzip2-devel# yum -y install libmcrypt-devel# yum -y groupinstall "Desktop Platform Development" |
2.安裝php
# tar xf php-5.4.26.tar.bz2 # cd /usr/src/php-5.4.26/ # ./configure--prefix=/usr/local/php --with-openssl --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib--with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --enable-sockets --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --enable-maintainer-zts # make && make install
3.提供配置文件
1 | # cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini |
4.爲php-fpm提供腳本，並將其添加到服務列表
# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm # chkconfig --add php-fpm # chkconfig php-fpm on
5.爲php-fpm提供配置文件
# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
6.編輯php-fpm配置文件
# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
pm.max_children = 150
pm.start_servers = 8
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 10
pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
listen = 172.16.1.11:90007.啓動php-fpm
# service php-fpm start # ps -aux | grep php-fpm
六、安裝php加速器xcache
1.安裝xcache
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | # tar xf xcache-3.0.3.tar.gz# cd xcache-3.0.3# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize//phpize是用來安裝php擴展模塊的，通過phpize可以建立php的外掛模塊，若你想在原來編譯好的php中加入memcached或者ImageMagick等擴展模塊，就需要使用phpize# # ./configure --enable=xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config# make && make install//顯示xcache模塊路徑：/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/ |
2.編輯配置文件，整合php + xcache
1 2 3 4 | # vim xcache.ini//添加模塊路徑extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/xcache.so# cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d/ |
3.重啓php-fpm
# service php-fpm restart
七、配置nginx
1.編輯/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,實現動靜分離
worker_processes 2; #worker進程的個數
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice; #錯誤日誌路徑及級別
events {
worker_connections 1024; #每個worker能夠併發響應的最大請求數
}
http {
include mime.types; #支持多媒體類型
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on; #由內核直接轉發
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 5; #持久連接5s
gzip on; #開啓壓縮功能
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.hoo.com;
add_header X-via $server_addr; #讓客戶端能夠看到代理服務器的IP
location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|js|css)$ { #匹配靜態內容
root html; #默認目錄在/usr/local/nginx/html
}
location ~ \.php$ { #匹配動態php文件
root html;
fastcgi_pass 172.16.7.11:9000; #代理到的服務器
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
}2.編輯/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
3.重載nginx
# service nginx reload
八、安裝Memcached服務器
1.memcached特性
Memcached是一款開發工具，它既不是一個代碼加速器，也不是數據庫中間件。其設計哲學思想主要反映在如下方面：
（1）簡單key/value存儲：服務器不關心數據本身的意義及結構，只要是可序列化數據即可。存儲項由“鍵、過期時間、可選的標誌及數據”四個部分組成；
（2）功能的實現一半依賴於客戶端，一半基於服務器端：客戶負責發送存儲項至服務器端、從服務端獲取數據以及無法連接至服務器時採用相應的動作；服務端負責接收、存儲數據，並負責數據項的超時過期；
（3）各服務器間彼此無視：不在服務器間進行數據同步；
（4）O(1)的執行效率
（5）清理超期數據：默認情況下，Memcached是一個LRU緩存，同時，它按事先預訂的時長清理超期數據；但事實上，memcached不會刪除任何已緩存數據，只是在其過期之後不再爲客戶所見；而且，memcached也不會真正按期限清理緩存，而僅是當get命令到達時檢查其時長；
2.安裝memcached
a).部署開發環境，解決依賴關係
# yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Server Platform Deveopment" -y # yum install -y libevent-devel
b).編譯安裝memcached
# tar xf memcached-1.4.15.tar.gz # cd memcached-1.4.15 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent # make && make install
c).爲memcached提供啓動腳本
#!/bin/bash
#
# Init file for memcached
#
# chkconfig: - 86 14
# description: Distributed memory caching daemon
#
# processname: memcached
# config: /etc/sysconfig/memcached
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
## Default variables
PORT="11211"
USER="nobody"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="64"
OPTIONS=""
RETVAL=0
prog="/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached"
desc="Distributed memory caching"
lockfile="/var/lock/subsys/memcached"
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $desc (memcached): "
daemon $prog -d -p $PORT -u $USER -c $MAXCONN -m $CACHESIZE -o "$OPTIONS"
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && touch $lockfile || failure
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Shutting down $desc (memcached): "
killproc $prog
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && rm -f $lockfile || failure
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart() {
stop
start
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $desc ($prog): "
killproc $prog -HUP
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success || failure
echo
return $RETVAL
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart)
restart
;;
condrestart)
[ -e $lockfile ] && restart
RETVAL=$?
;;
reload)
reload
;;
status)
status $prog
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|condrestart|status}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVALd).添加memcached至服務列表
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/memcached # chkconfig --add memcached # service memcached start
e).檢查是否運行
# ss -tnlp | grep 11211
九、安裝php的memcached擴展
1.安裝memcached擴展
# tar xf memcache-2.2.7.tgz # cd memcache-2.2.7 # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize # ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --enable-memcache # make && make install
2.編輯配置文件，整合php + memcached
# vim xcache.ini //添加模塊路徑 extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/memcache.so
3.重啓php-fpm
# service php-fpm restart
4.對memcached功能進行測試，在網站目錄中建立測試頁面test.php
//php服務器
# vim test.php
<?php
$mem = new Memcache;
$mem->connect("172.16.1.13", 11211) or die("Could not connect");
$version = $mem->getVersion();
echo "Server's version: ".$version."<br/>\n";
$mem->set('hellokey', 'Hello World', 0, 600) or die("Failed to save data at the memcached server");
echo "Store data in the cache (data will expire in 600 seconds)<br/>\n";
$get_result = $mem->get('hellokey');
echo "$get_result is from memcached server.";
?>
~ 測試訪問即可。
5.安裝wordpress測試訪問即可
十、安裝memadmin-master查看memcached狀態信息
1.解壓即可使用
//解壓至php服務器/usr/local/nginx/html/ # unzip memadmin-master.zip
2.測試訪問
www.hoo.com/memadmin-master