新裝了個測試數據庫，啓動的時候竟然報錯了，
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/oracle/app/oracle/dbs/initTEST.ora'
看提示說是初始化參數文件的問題，於是查看初始化參數文件
[oracle@test dbs]$ ls
bakinitTEST.ora hc_DBUA0.dat hc_test.dat init.ora lkTEST orapwtest spfiletest.ora
[oracle@test dbs]$ strings spfiletest.ora
test.__db_cache_size=117440512
test.__java_pool_size=4194304
test.__large_pool_size=4194304
test.__oracle_base='/oracle/app'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
test.__pga_aggregate_target=146800640
test.__sga_target=272629760
test.__shared_io_pool_size=0
test.__shared_pool_size=134217728
test.__streams_pool_size=4194304
*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/app/admin/test/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/oracle/app/oradata/test/control01.ctl','/oracle/app/orad
ata/test/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='test'
*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle/app'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=testXDB)'
*.memory_target=419430400
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
參數文件沒有什麼問題，在查看下ORALCE環境變量的設置
[oracle@test app]$ cat .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle
ORACLE_SID=TEST
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH
發現環境變量中的ORACLE_SID的設置是TEST（大寫的），初始化參數文件是spfiletest.ora，初始化參數文件的ORACLE_SID部分是小寫的，想起貌似重新建過數據庫，建庫的時候ORACLE_SID是用的小寫，修改環境變量，把環境變量中的ORACLE_SID改成小寫，重新登錄或用下面命令把ORACLE_SID修改正確
export ORACLE_SID=test
在啓動數據庫，正常！
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 417546240 bytes
Fixed Size 2213936 bytes
Variable Size 293603280 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 4288512 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.