Grep應用

整合作品！

一、grep 參數使用

Gun grep 選項

-b 在搜索到的行的前面打印該行所在的塊號碼。

-c 只顯示有多少行匹配 ，而不具體顯示匹配的行

-h 不顯示文件名

-i 在字符串比較的時候忽略大小寫

-l 只顯示包含匹配模板的行的文件名清單，不同項目之間用換行符分隔

-L 打印不匹配模板的文件名清單

-n 在每一行前面打印該行在文件中的行數

-s 靜默工作，除非出現錯誤信息否則不打印任何信息，這個功能在檢測退出狀態的時候有用

-v 反檢索，只顯示不匹配的行

-w

-Ax 在匹配指定行打印完畢後，再打印x行(向原文件匹配行下x行)

-By 在匹配指定行前面打印y行(在原文件匹配行上面打印y行)

-Cz 在匹配行前後打印z行 (在原文件匹配行上下打印z行)

-b 在每一行前面打印字符偏移量

-f file 從文件file中提取模板。空文件中包含0個模板

-q 取消標準輸出，跟-n功能是一樣的

-s 不顯示關於不存在或者無法讀文件的錯誤信息

-w 只打印以單詞形式匹配模板的行，模板可以是包含數字、字符和下劃線的字符串

-x 只打印整行匹配的行

-y 用法同-i

-U 把文件作爲二進制文件，這個選項只在MS－DOS和MS－Windows中被支持(這個參數沒有明白，請過路高人指點，非常感謝)

-u 按照unix風格報告字符偏移量。只在-b選項同時被使用的時候纔有效。這個選項只在MS－DOS和MS－Windows中被支持

grep "$name" file 把變量$name 的值作爲模板，在文件中尋找匹配模板的行。注意，必須使用雙引號

重複作用的元字符， \{\}; 用來做標籤的元字符，\(\); 用來錨定單詞的元字符\<\>

實例文件下載：

wget http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0330regularex/regular_express.txt

例題一：查找特定字符

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[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -n 'the'regular_express.txt 8:I can't finish the test. 12:the symbol '*'isrepresented asstart. 15:You are the best ismean you are the no. 1. 16:The world <Happy> isthe same with"glad". 18:google isthe best tools forsearch keyword.

例題二：反選

1	[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -nv 'the'regular_express.txt

例題三：查找特定字符不論大小寫

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[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -ni 'the'regular_express.txt 8:I can't finish the test. 9:Oh! The soup taste good. 12:the symbol '*'isrepresented asstart. 14:The gd software isa library fordrafting programs. 15:You are the best ismean you are the no. 1. 16:The world <Happy> isthe same with"glad". 18:google isthe best tools forsearch keyword.

例題四：利用中括號[]來查找集合字符

1、查找test和taste這兩個單詞

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[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -n 't[a-z]st'regular_express.txt 8:I can't finish the test. 9:Oh! The soup taste good.

或者

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[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -n 't[ae]st'regular_express.txt 8:I can't finish the test. 9:Oh! The soup taste good.

注：其實[]裏面不論有幾個字符，他都代表“一個”字符

例題五：查找不是以g開頭的oo字符

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[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -n '[^g]oo'regular_express.txt 2:apple ismy favorite food. 3:Football game isnot usefeet only. 18:google isthe best tools forsearch keyword. 19:goooooogle yes!

注：你發現18、19行還是有g開頭，這是因爲該行tool是被接受的

例題六：查找不是以字母開頭的oo字符

1 2	[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -n '[^a-z]oo'regular_express.txt 3:Football game isnot usefeet only.

總結：我們可以使用[a-z][A-Z][0-9]等方式來寫，如果要求字符串是數字加字母，可以寫成[a-zA-Z0-9]

1	[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -n '[a-zA-Z0-9]'regular_express.txt

例題七：查找以the開頭

1 2	[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -n '^the'regular_express.txt 12:the symbol '*'isrepresented asstart.

例題八：查找以小寫字母開頭

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[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -n '^[a-z]'regular_express.txt 2:apple ismy favorite food. 4:thisdress doesn't fit me. 10:motorcycle ischeap than car. 12:the symbol '*'isrepresented asstart. 18:google isthe best tools forsearch keyword. 19:goooooogle yes! 20:go! go! Let's go.

例題九：查找不是英文字母開頭

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[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -nv '^[a-zA-Z]'regular_express.txt 1:"Open Source"isa good mechanism to develop programs. 21:# I am VBird 22:

或者：

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[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -n '^[^a-zA-Z]'regular_express.txt 1:"Open Source"isa good mechanism to develop programs. 21:# I am VBird

注意:在中括號裏面和外面含義是不同的，在括號裏面標示反選，在括號外面表示行首

例題十：查找以.點結尾的

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[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -n '\.$'regular_express.txt 1:"Open Source"isa good mechanism to develop programs. 2:apple ismy favorite food. 3:Football game isnot usefeet only. 4:thisdress doesn't fit me. 10:motorcycle ischeap than car. 11:This window isclear. 12:the symbol '*'isrepresented asstart. 15:You are the best ismean you are the no. 1. 16:The world <Happy> isthe same with"glad". 17:I like dog. 18:google isthe best tools forsearch keyword. 20:go! go! Let's go.

注意：因爲小數點具有特殊含義，所以必須使用轉義符（\）

例題十一：查找空白行

1 2	[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -n '^$'regular_express.txt 22:

例題十二：任意一個字符.點與任意重複字符*

.代表一定有一個任意字符的意思

*代表重複前面字符0到無窮個

1、查找g？？d的字符

1 2	[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -n 'g..g'regular_express.txt 18:google isthe best tools forsearch keyword.

2、查找兩個o以上的字符串

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[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -n 'ooo*'regular_express.txt 1:"Open Source"isa good mechanism to develop programs. 2:apple ismy favorite food. 3:Football game isnot usefeet only. 9:Oh! The soup taste good. 18:google isthe best tools forsearch keyword. 19:goooooogle yes!

3、查找gog，goog，gooog字符

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[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -n 'go*g'regular_express.txt 18:google isthe best tools forsearch keyword. 19:goooooogle yes!

4、查找g開頭與g結尾的字符串，當中字符串可有可無

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1:"Open Source"isa good mechanism to develop programs. 14:The gd software isa library fordrafting programs. 18:google isthe best tools forsearch keyword. 19:goooooogle yes! 20:go! go! Let's go.

5、查找任意數字的字符

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[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -n '[0-9][0-9]*'regular_express.txt 5:However, thisdress isabout $ 3183dollars. 15:You are the best ismean you are the no. 1.

例題十三：查找2-5個o的連續字符串

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[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -n 'o\{2,5\}'regular_express.txt 1:"Open Source"isa good mechanism to develop programs. 2:apple ismy favorite food. 3:Football game isnot usefeet only. 9:Oh! The soup taste good. 18:google isthe best tools forsearch keyword. 19:goooooogle yes!

例題十四：查找g開頭2-5個o的連續字符串，然後g結尾

1 2	[root@mail_bk tmp]# grep -n 'go\{2,5\}g'regular_express.txt 18:google isthe best tools forsearch keyword.