本文選自http://blog.csdn.net/sopost/article/details/4734395
一.創建RMANCATALOG
RMAN可以之用控制文件來存儲RMAN的備份metadata,也可以配置CATALOG來存儲RMAN的備份信息.一般來說最好在另一數據庫上配置CATALOG來管理RMAN備份信息,這樣當所有的控制文件都無效的時候還可以保證用CATALOG來重建控制文件和數據庫.
1).SQL>createtablespacermantbsdatafile'/data/oradata/orcl/rmantbs01.dbf'size50M
autoextendonnext5Mmaxsize200M
extentmanagementlocal
segmentspacemanagementauto;
2).SQL>createuserrmanidentifiedbyoracle
defaulttablespacermantbs
temporarytablespacetemp
quotaunlimitedonrmantbs;
3).SQL>grantcreatesession,recovery_catalog_ownertorman;
4).$rmancatalogrman/oracle
RMAN>createcatalogtablespacermantbs;
RMAN>connecttarget/
RMAN>registerdatabase;
二.配置RMAN
RMAN>showall;
RMANconfigurationparametersfordatabasewithdb_unique_nameORCLare:
CONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICYTOREDUNDANCY1;#default
CONFIGUREBACKUPOPTIMIZATIONOFF;#default
CONFIGUREDEFAULTDEVICETYPETODISK;#default
CONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPOFF;#default
CONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPFORMATFORDEVICETYPEDISKTO'%F';#default
CONFIGUREDEVICETYPEDISKBACKUPTYPETOBACKUPSETPARALLELISM1;
CONFIGUREDATAFILEBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPEDISKTO1;#default
CONFIGUREARCHIVELOGBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPEDISKTO1;#default
CONFIGUREMAXSETSIZETOUNLIMITED;#default
CONFIGUREENCRYPTIONFORDATABASEOFF;#default
CONFIGUREENCRYPTIONALGORITHM'AES128';#default
CONFIGURECOMPRESSIONALGORITHM'BZIP2';#default
CONFIGUREARCHIVELOGDELETIONPOLICYTONONE;#default
CONFIGURESNAPSHOTCONTROLFILENAMETO'/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f';#default
1.配置保留策略retentionpolicy
RMAN有兩種保留策略:DEDUNDANCY(默認值爲1)和RECOVERYWINDOW
1.1)配置保留2份冗餘備份
RMAN>configureretentionpolicytoredundancy2;
newRMANconfigurationparameters:
CONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICYTOREDUNDANCY2;
newRMANconfigurationparametersaresuccessfullystored
startingfullresyncofrecoverycatalog
fullresynccomplete
1.2)配置保留策略爲7天
RMAN>configureretentionpolicytorecoverywindowof7days;
oldRMANconfigurationparameters:
CONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICYTOREDUNDANCY2;
newRMANconfigurationparameters:
CONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICYTORECOVERYWINDOWOF7DAYS;
newRMANconfigurationparametersaresuccessfullystored
startingfullresyncofrecoverycatalog
fullresynccomplete
2.配置優化的備份
RMAN>configurebackupoptimizationon;
newRMANconfigurationparameters:
CONFIGUREBACKUPOPTIMIZATIONON;
newRMANconfigurationparametersaresuccessfullystored
startingfullresyncofrecoverycatalog
fullresynccomplete
3.配置默認的設備類型
默認的設備類型爲DISK硬盤,配置默認的設備類型爲TAPE磁帶
RMAN>configuredefaultdevicetypetosbt;
newRMANconfigurationparameters:
CONFIGUREDEFAULTDEVICETYPETO'SBT_TAPE';
newRMANconfigurationparametersaresuccessfullystored
startingfullresyncofrecoverycatalog
fullresynccomplete
4.配置自動控制文件和SPFILE備份
RMAN>configurecontrolfileautobackupon;
newRMANconfigurationparameters:
CONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPON;
newRMANconfigurationparametersaresuccessfullystored
startingfullresyncofrecoverycatalog
fullresynccomplete
5.配置自動控制文件和SPFILE備份的格式
默認是備份到DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST/$ORACLE_SID/autobackup/$date目錄,格式爲'%F'
注:格式必須包含'%F'
RMAN>configurecontrolfileautobackupformatfordevicetypediskto'/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/controlfile/ctl_%F';
newRMANconfigurationparameters:
CONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPFORMATFORDEVICETYPEDISKTO'/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/controlfile/ctl_%F';
newRMANconfigurationparametersaresuccessfullystored
startingfullresyncofrecoverycatalog
fullresynccomplete
6.配置默認產生備份集還是拷貝COPY
6.1配置備份類型爲COPY
RMAN>configuredevicetypediskbackuptypetocopy;
oldRMANconfigurationparameters:
CONFIGUREDEVICETYPEDISKBACKUPTYPETOBACKUPSETPARALLELISM1;
newRMANconfigurationparameters:
CONFIGUREDEVICETYPEDISKBACKUPTYPETOCOPYPARALLELISM1;
newRMANconfigurationparametersaresuccessfullystored
startingfullresyncofrecoverycatalog
fullresynccomplete
6.2配置並行度PARALLELISM
RMAN>configuredevicetypediskbackuptypetobackupsetparallelism2;
oldRMANconfigurationparameters:
CONFIGUREDEVICETYPEDISKBACKUPTYPETOCOPYPARALLELISM1;
newRMANconfigurationparameters:
CONFIGUREDEVICETYPEDISKBACKUPTYPETOBACKUPSETPARALLELISM2;
newRMANconfigurationparametersaresuccessfullystored
startingfullresyncofrecoverycatalog
fullresynccomplete
RMAN>configuredevicetypesbt_tapebackuptypetobackupsetparallelism2;
newRMANconfigurationparameters:
CONFIGUREDEVICETYPE'SBT_TAPE'BACKUPTYPETOBACKUPSETPARALLELISM2;
newRMANconfigurationparametersaresuccessfullystored
startingfullresyncofrecoverycatalog
fullresynccomplete
注:如果配置磁帶設備的PARALLELISM,必須配置磁帶的個數等於PARALLELISM的個數,否則報錯.
6.3配置默認壓縮備份(注如果用壓縮備份必須配置WALLET並OPEN)
RMAN>configuredevicetypediskbackuptypetocompressedbackupset;
oldRMANconfigurationparameters:
CONFIGUREDEVICETYPEDISKBACKUPTYPETOBACKUPSETPARALLELISM2;
newRMANconfigurationparameters:
CONFIGUREDEVICETYPEDISKBACKUPTYPETOCOMPRESSEDBACKUPSETPARALLELISM2;
newRMANconfigurationparametersaresuccessfullystored
startingfullresyncofrecoverycatalog
fullresynccomplete
7.配置渠道CHANNEL
RMAN>configurechanneldevicetypediskformat'/bakup/rman/orcl/%d_%s_%p_%t';
newRMANconfigurationparameters:
CONFIGURECHANNELDEVICETYPEDISKFORMAT'/bakup/rman/orcl/%d_%s_%p_%t';
newRMANconfigurationparametersaresuccessfullystored
startingfullresyncofrecoverycatalog
fullresynccomplete
8.配置加密和加密算法
RMAN加密可以採用TRANSPARANTDataencryption(TDE)加密和密碼加密兩種方法.TDE的算法有:AES128(默認值),AES192,AES256等.備份和恢復時都需要WALLET打開狀態.
RMAN>configureencryptionfordatabaseon;
newRMANconfigurationparameters:
CONFIGUREENCRYPTIONFORDATABASEON;
newRMANconfigurationparametersaresuccessfullystored
startingfullresyncofrecoverycatalog
fullresynccomplete
RMAN>configureencryptionalgorithm'AES256';
newRMANconfigurationparameters:
CONFIGUREENCRYPTIONALGORITHM'AES256';
newRMANconfigurationparametersaresuccessfullystored
startingfullresyncofrecoverycatalog
fullresynccomplete
參考實例:http://users.telenet.be/oraguy.be/encryption1.htm
查看配置結果:
RMAN>showall;
RMANconfigurationparametersfordatabasewithdb_unique_nameORCLare:
CONFIGURERETENTIONPOLICYTORECOVERYWINDOWOF7DAYS;
CONFIGUREBACKUPOPTIMIZATIONON;
CONFIGUREDEFAULTDEVICETYPETO'SBT_TAPE';
CONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPON;
CONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPFORMATFORDEVICETYPEDISKTO'/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/controlfile/ctl_%F';
CONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPFORMATFORDEVICETYPESBT_TAPETO'%F';#default
CONFIGUREDEVICETYPEDISKBACKUPTYPETOCOMPRESSEDBACKUPSETPARALLELISM2;
CONFIGUREDEVICETYPE'SBT_TAPE'BACKUPTYPETOBACKUPSETPARALLELISM2;
CONFIGUREDATAFILEBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPEDISKTO1;#default
CONFIGUREDATAFILEBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPESBT_TAPETO1;#default
CONFIGUREARCHIVELOGBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPEDISKTO1;#default
CONFIGUREARCHIVELOGBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPESBT_TAPETO1;#default
CONFIGURECHANNELDEVICETYPEDISKFORMAT'/bakup/rman/orcl/%d_%s_%p_%t';
CONFIGUREMAXSETSIZETOUNLIMITED;#default
CONFIGUREENCRYPTIONFORDATABASEON;
CONFIGUREENCRYPTIONALGORITHM'AES256';
CONFIGURECOMPRESSIONALGORITHM'BZIP2';#default
CONFIGUREARCHIVELOGDELETIONPOLICYTONONE;#default
CONFIGURESNAPSHOTCONTROLFILENAMETO'/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f';#default
三.創建存儲的備份腳本
1.基本0的增量備份
createscript.b_whole_inc0{
backup
incrementallevel0database
format'/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/db0_%d_%s_%p_%t'
tag='WHOLE_INC0';
}
2.基本1的增量備份
createscript.b_whole_inc1{
backup
incrementallevel1cumulativedatabase
format'/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/db1_%d_%s_%p_%t'
tag='WHOLE_INC1';
}
3.基本2的增量備份
createscript.b_whole_inc2{
backup
incrementallevel2cumulativedatabase
format'/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/db2_%d_%s_%p_%t'
tag='WHOLE_INC2';
}
4.歸檔當前的重做日誌組
createscript.archive_log_current{
sql"ALTERSYSTEMARCHIVELOGCURRENT";
}
5.備份前兩天的歸檔日誌
createscript.b_archive_2days{
executescript.archive_log_current;
backuparchivelogfromtime'SYSDATE-2'
format'/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/ar_%d_%s_%p_%t';
}
6.備份大前天的歸檔日誌並刪除
createscript.archive_delete3{
executescript.archive_log_current;
backuparchivelogfromtime'SYSDATE-3'untiltime'SYSDATE-2'
format'/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/ar_%d_%s_%p_%t'
deleteinput;
}
7.備份類型爲COPY
run{
allocatechanneld1typedisk;
copy
datafile1to'/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/system01.dbf.bak',
datafile2to'/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/undotbs01.dbf.bak',
datafile3to'/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/sysaux01.dbf.bak',
datafile4to'/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/users01.dbf.bak',
datafile5to'/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/example01.dbf.bak',
datafile6to'/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/rmantbs01.dbf.bak',
currentcontrolfileto'/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/control_bakup.ctl';
}
or
run{
backupascopydatabase;
}
8.備份增量基本爲0的數據庫備份和所有的歸檔日誌
run{
allocatechannelc1typedisk;
backupincrementallevel0database
format'/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/db_%d_%s_%p_%t'
tag='WHOLE_INC0'
archivelogall
format'/bakup/rman/backup/orcl/ar_%d_%s_%p_%t'
tag'BACKUP_ARCHIVELOG_ALL';
}