1. Linux操作系統安裝
1.1. 最小化安裝
使用CentOS-7.0-1406-x86_64-DVD.iso來進行安裝
通過kickstart文件來簡化管理
http://172.16.1.100/7mini.txt（該IP爲測試環境中的服務器地址，這也是最小化安裝的格式）
# CentOS 7 64bit 用於生產環境的最小安裝 14:57 2014/9/27 # System authorization information auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 # Use CDROM installation media cdrom text # Run the Setup Agent on first boot firstboot --enable ignoredisk --only-use=sda # Keyboard layouts keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us' # System language lang en_US.UTF-8 # Network information #network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eno16777728 --onboot=no --ipv6=auto network --onboot yes --device eno16777728 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6 network --hostname=localhost.localdomain # Root password rootpw 123456 firewall --disable selinux --disable # System timezone timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda autopart --type=lvm # Partition clearing information clearpart --none --initlabel reboot %packages @core @base net-tools %end |
1.2. 操作系統升級
查看當前版本信息
# uname -a Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Jun 30 12:09:22 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux # cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core)
背景知識：yum -y upgrade 和 yum -y update 區別
Yum的Man幫助 update If run without any packages, update will update every currently installed package. If one or more packages or package globs are specified, Yum will only update the listed packages. While updating packages, yum will ensure that all dependencies are satisfied. (See Specifying package names for more information) If the packages or globs specified match to packages which are not currently installed then update will not install them. update operates on groups, files, provides and filelists just like the "install" command. If the main obsoletes configure option is true (default) or the --obsoletes flag is present yum will include package obsoletes in its calculations - this makes it better for distro-version changes, for example: upgrading from somelinux 8.0 to somelinux 9. Note that "update" works on installed packages first, and only if there are no matches does it look for available packages. The difference is most noticeable when you do "update foo-1-2" which will act exactly as "update foo" if foo-1-2 is installed. You can use the "update-to" if you'd prefer that nothing happen in the above case. upgrade Is the same as the update command with the --obsoletes flag set. See update for more details. yum -y update 升級所有包，改變軟件設置和系統設置,系統版本內核都升級
yum -y upgrade 升級所有包，不改變軟件設置和系統設置，系統版本升級，內核不改變 |
# yum -y upgrade
提示共升級35個包，包括kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-123.6.3.el7
重新啓動之後，進行驗證
# uname -a Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-123.6.3.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Sep 6 21:12:36 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux # cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core)
1.3. 主機名
CentOS 7中主機名的配置文件與Redhat相比發生了變化，不是在是/etc/sysconfig/network
更改/etc/hostname，纔會生效
# vi /etc/hostname zzsrv1.bigcloud.local # reboot
1.4. DNS服務器配置
除了傳統的修改/etc/resolv.conf之外，還有通過在ifcfg文件中添加配置的方式。
Tip: 與Windows在某個網卡中設置DNS服務器的IP地址類似
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777728
# Generated by parse-kickstart IPV6INIT=no BOOTPROTO=static DEVICE=eno16777728 ONBOOT=yes TYPE=Ethernet DEFROUTE=yes PEERDNS=yes PEERROUTES=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no NAME="System eno16777728" IPADDR=192.168.188.11 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.188.2 DNS1=192.168.188.11 DNS2=192.168.188.12 |
這樣，當重新啓動network服務時，會生成/etc/resolv.conf中的配置
# service network restart Restarting network (via systemctl): [ OK ] # cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager search bigcloud.local nameserver 192.168.188.11 nameserver 192.168.188.12 |
1.5. 雜項
1.5.1. 服務的控制
# chkconfig --list
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native systemd configuration. If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'. To see services enabled on particular target use 'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'. iprdump 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off iprinit 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off iprupdate 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off netconsole 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off vmware-tools 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off vmware-tools-thinprint 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off |
systemctl是系統服務管理器的命令，它將service和chkconfig這兩個命令組合在一起。
任務 | 舊指令 | 新指令 |
使某服務自動啓動 | chkconfig --level 3 httpd on | systemctl enable httpd.service |
使某服務不自動啓動 | chkconfig --level 3 httpd off | systemctl disable httpd.service |
檢查服務狀態 | service httpd status | systemctl status httpd.service （服務詳細信息） systemctl is-active httpd.service （僅顯示是否 Active) |
顯示所有已啓動的服務 | chkconfig --list | systemctl list-units --type=service |
啓動某服務 | service httpd start | systemctl start httpd.service |
停止某服務 | service httpd stop | systemctl stop httpd.service |
重啓某服務 | service httpd restart | systemctl restart httpd.service |
我在做這部分時，在修改主機名時，費了不少的功夫，一直按照Redhat的方式修改總是錯誤，最後上網查找資料，看了好幾篇文章，才最終改對了。服務啓動的方式也與原來不同。