SSM框架的搭建

首先我們的搭建是在maven下開始的,開發工具是eclipse,jdk是1.8,Tomcat用的是9


流程:在這裏我們用的是user,簡單的用戶登錄進行測試

pom.xml -> web.xml -> pojo(實際上就是entity)-> UserMapper(Mapper就是Dao) -> UserMapper.xml(這裏是用的mybatis映射,直接動態實現mapper接口的實現類) -> UserService -> UserServiceImpl -> UserController。


創建maven項目:

new -> Other... -> (輸入maven)maven project -> next -> next -> (在Filter中輸入web)選擇webapp -> Finish

這樣maven下的web項目就創建完成了。

創建完成之後會發現項目出現錯誤,這是因爲jdk沒有修改,右鍵項目Properties,在Java Build Path中把JRE修改成1.8版本的,然後點擊Add Library.. 選擇Server Runtime,添加Tomcat 9 版本,這樣項目的錯誤就會消失,到目前爲止maven下的web項目可以算是正確創建完成了。

 


搭建框架:搭建框架用到的是Spring SpringMVC MyBatis

接下來開始搭建環境,整體的架構如下圖:

首先是Maven中的pom.xml文件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.sycu.Test</groupId>
	<artifactId>Test</artifactId>
	<packaging>war</packaging>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>Test Maven Webapp</name>
	<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<!-- spring版本號 -->
		<spring.version>4.3.14.RELEASE</spring.version>
		<!-- mybatis版本號 -->
		<mybatis.version>3.4.1</mybatis.version>
		<!-- log4j日誌文件管理包版本 -->
		<slf4j.version>1.7.25</slf4j.version>
		<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
	</properties>
	<dependencies>
        <!-- 使用junit4 用註解方式 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.11</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/c3p0/c3p0 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
			<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
			<version>0.9.1.2</version>
		</dependency>

		<!--spring -->
        <!-- 1)spring核心依賴 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
        <!-- 2)spring dao層依賴 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
        <!-- 3)spring web相關依賴 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- mybatis核心包 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
			<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
			<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- mybatis/spring包 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
			<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
			<version>1.3.1</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 導入java ee jar 包 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax</groupId>
			<artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
			<version>7.0</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 導入Mysql數據庫鏈接jar包 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>5.1.38</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 數據源 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
			<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
			<version>1.1.10</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
			<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
			<version>1.8.10</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 導入dbcp的jar包,用來在applicationContext.xml中配置數據庫 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
			<version>1.4</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- JSTL標籤類 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>jstl</groupId>
			<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
			<version>1.2</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 日誌文件管理包 -->
		<!-- log start -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
			<version>${log4j.version}</version>
		</dependency>


		<!-- 格式化對象,方便輸出日誌 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
			<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.47</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- servlet -->
		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/servlet-api -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>2.5</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
			<version>1.2</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.slf4j/slf4j-api -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
			<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
			<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- log end -->
		<!-- 映入JSON -->
		<!-- <dependency> <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId> 
			<version>1.9.10</version> </dependency> -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
			<version>2.9.5</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
			<version>2.8.9</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
			<version>2.9.5</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- 上傳組件包 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
			<version>1.3.1</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
			<version>2.4</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
			<version>1.10</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	<build>
		<finalName>Test</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <!-- define the project compile level -->
            <!-- maven編譯用的版本控制,控制jdk的版本不會回跳 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
	</build>
</project>

版本問題可以到:https://www.mvnrepository.com/ 網站中搜索。

接下來配置web.xml

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
  version="3.1"
  metadata-complete="true" >
    <!-- 修改servlet版本爲3.1 -->

    <!-- 解決post的亂碼 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <!-- 初始化參數,設置編碼爲utf-8 -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!-- 配置DispatcherServlet -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>Test1</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- 配置springMVC需要加載的配置文件
            spring-dao.xml,spring-service.xml,spring-web.xml
            Mybatis -> spring  -> springMVC
         -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring/spring-*.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Test1</servlet-name> 
        <!-- 默認匹配所有的請求 -->  
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
  </web-app>

配置到以上幾部暫時先告一段落,接下來通過用戶登錄的實例引出每個包中應該創建什麼文件,以及spring相關的配置信息。


數據庫

創建一個數據庫db_user,在創建user表,user表下有id、username、password三個字段。(暫時不要求那麼多)

創建完成之後添加一條數據,id=1、username="admin"、password="123456"

數據庫ok!


在pojo下創建實體類User:

public class User {

	private int id;
	private String username;
	private String password;

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}

	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

}

創建Mapper層(UserMapper),並配置映射文件(UserMapper.xml)

在Mapping下創建UserMapper(Interface)

public interface UserMapper {
	
	User findByUsername(String username);

}

在resources文件夾下新建一個mapper文件夾,存放MyBatis對應的映射文件 .xml。UserMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
    PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
    "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.sycu.test1.mty.mapping.UserMapper">
    <!-- 目的:爲DAO接口方法提供sql語句配置 -->
    <!-- 查詢用戶和密碼進行登錄 -->
    <select id="findByUsername" resultType="User" parameterType="String">

        select * from user where username = #{username}

    </select>
</mapper>

創建之後開始用Spring整合UserMapper(MyBatis)的配置文件

在spring文件夾下創建spring-dao.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
    <!-- 配置整合mybatis過程 -->
    <!-- 1:配置數據庫相關參數 properties的屬性:${url}-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
    <!-- 2:數據庫連接池 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <!-- 配置連接池屬性 -->
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>

        <!-- c3p0連接池的私有屬性 -->
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"></property>
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="10"></property>
        <!-- 關閉連接後不自動commit -->
        <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"></property>
        <!-- 獲取連接超時時間 -->
        <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="1000"></property>
        <!-- 當獲取連接失敗重試次數 -->
        <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 約定大於配置 -->
    <!-- 3:配置sqlsessionfactory對象 -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <!-- 注入數據庫連接池 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        <!-- 配置mybatis全局配置文件:mybatis-config.xml -->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"></property>
        <!-- 掃描entity包 使用別名 com.sy.entity.User ->User -->
        <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.XXX.XXX.pojo"></property>
        <!-- 掃描sql配置文件:mapping需要的xml文件 -->
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 4:配置掃描Dao接口的包,動態實現Dao接口,注入到Spring容器中 -->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <!-- 注入sqlsessionfactory -->
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"></property>
        <!-- 給出需要掃描的Dao接口包 -->
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.XXX.XXX.mapping"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

value中對應着包的名,自行更改,在這裏還引用到了mybatis-config.xml,如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <!-- 配置全局屬性 -->
    <settings>
        <!--使用jdbc的getGeneratedKeys獲取數據庫自增主鍵值  -->
        <setting name="useGeneratedKeys" value="true"/>
        
        <setting name="useColumnLabel" value="true"/>
        <!-- 開啓駝峯命名轉換:Table(create_time) -> Entity(createTime) -->
        <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
    </settings>  

</configuration>

接下來對Service層接口以及實現類開始介紹

UserService接口爲例寫法:

public interface UserService {
	
	User checkLogin(String username, String password);

}

UserServiceImpl實現類爲例寫法:

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
	
	@Autowired
	private UserMapper userMapper;
	
	public User checkLogin(String username, String password){
		User user = userMapper.findByUsername(username);
		if(user!= null&& user.getPassword().equals(password)){
			return user;
		}
		return null;
	}

}

service寫完開始介紹spring-service.xml的編寫,spring整合service層配置文件。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
    <!-- 掃描service包下所有使用註解的類型 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.XXX.XXX.service"/>

    <!-- 配置事務管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <!-- 注入數據庫的連接池 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置基於註解的聲明式事務
        默認使用註解來管理事務行爲
     -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>

編寫Controller層,UserController實現(SpringMVC)

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")

//這裏用了@SessionAttributes,可以直接把model中的user(也就key)放入其中
//這樣保證了session中存在user這個對象
@SessionAttributes("user")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userServivce;

    //正常訪問login頁面
    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String login(){
        return "login";
    }

    //表單提交過來的路徑
    @RequestMapping("/checkLogin")
    public String checkLogin(User user,Model model){
        //調用service方法
        user = userServivce.checkLogin(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword());
        //若有user則添加到model裏並且跳轉到成功頁面
        if(user != null){
            model.addAttribute("user",user);
            return "success";
        }
        return "fail";
    }

}

配置spring-controller.xml文件,用spring來整合controller層的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
        xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
        ">
    <!-- 配置springMVC -->
    <!-- 1:開啓springMVC註解模式 -->
    <!-- 簡化配置:
         (1)自動註冊DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping,AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter
         (2)提供一系列:數據綁定,數字和日期的format  @NumberFormat,@DataTimeFormat
        xml,json默認讀寫支持
     -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!-- 2:配置jsp顯示ViewResolver -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
    <!-- 3:掃描web相關的bean -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.XXX.XXX.controller" />
</beans>

JSP的編寫

在這裏推薦使用前端的幾個框架,可以查看這位小哥的一篇文章:

https://blog.csdn.net/liangpengcheng363/article/details/78813029

login.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

    <form action="/Test1/user/checkLogin" method="post">
        <table>
            <tr>
                <td>用戶名:</td>
                <td><input id="username" name="username" type="text"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>密碼:</td>
                <td><input id="password" name="password" type="password"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td></td>
                <td><input type="submit" value="登錄"></td>
            </tr>
        </table>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

success.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

    <div>
        <strong> welcome,${sessionScope.user.username}! </strong>
    </div>
    this is success page!

</html>

OK

以上就已經全部配置完成了,接下來可以啓動服務試一試了,在地址欄輸入:localhost:8080/Test1/user/login就可以看看能不能跳出登錄頁面了。


***如果在啓動的時候發生錯誤,我遇到的有以下三點問題,具體什麼問題就不在這裏詳細說明了,具體的步驟有:

1、更換jdk版本,1.8。每次update項目的時候jdk都會編程原來的,所以在pom.xml文件中的plugs中強制了jdk的版本

2、右鍵項目屬性,在Deployment Assembly中點擊add,選擇Java Build Path Entries,然後選擇Maven Dependencies,Finish

3、在Tomcat上面右鍵clean

然後再次啓動服務,應該就沒有什麼大問題了,如遇到別的問題,那就自行百度吧


在web.xml中還有不是很完善的地方,其實在整體中我也認爲存在着缺點,如果有哪位大神能夠幫網指點出,萬分感謝!!!

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