首先我们的搭建是在maven下开始的，开发工具是eclipse，jdk是1.8，Tomcat用的是9
流程：在这里我们用的是user，简单的用户登录进行测试
pom.xml -> web.xml -> pojo(实际上就是entity)-> UserMapper（Mapper就是Dao） -> UserMapper.xml(这里是用的mybatis映射，直接动态实现mapper接口的实现类) -> UserService -> UserServiceImpl -> UserController。
创建maven项目：
new -> Other... -> （输入maven）maven project -> next -> next -> (在Filter中输入web)选择webapp -> Finish
这样maven下的web项目就创建完成了。
创建完成之后会发现项目出现错误，这是因为jdk没有修改，右键项目Properties，在Java Build Path中把JRE修改成1.8版本的，然后点击Add Library.. 选择Server Runtime，添加Tomcat 9 版本，这样项目的错误就会消失，到目前为止maven下的web项目可以算是正确创建完成了。
搭建框架：搭建框架用到的是Spring SpringMVC MyBatis
接下来开始搭建环境，整体的架构如下图：
首先是Maven中的pom.xml文件
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.sycu.Test</groupId>
<artifactId>Test</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>Test Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<!-- spring版本号 -->
<spring.version>4.3.14.RELEASE</spring.version>
<!-- mybatis版本号 -->
<mybatis.version>3.4.1</mybatis.version>
<!-- log4j日志文件管理包版本 -->
<slf4j.version>1.7.25</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- 使用junit4 用注解方式 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/c3p0/c3p0 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring -->
<!-- 1)spring核心依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 2)spring dao层依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 3)spring web相关依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis核心包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis/spring包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入java ee jar 包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax</groupId>
<artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
<version>7.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入Mysql数据库链接jar包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.38</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据源 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.10</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入dbcp的jar包，用来在applicationContext.xml中配置数据库 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JSTL标签类 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志文件管理包 -->
<!-- log start -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 格式化对象，方便输出日志 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.47</version>
</dependency>
<!-- servlet -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/servlet-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.slf4j/slf4j-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log end -->
<!-- 映入JSON -->
<!-- <dependency> <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.9.10</version> </dependency> -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.9.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.8.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.9.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 上传组件包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.10</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>Test</finalName>
<plugins>
<!-- define the project compile level -->
<!-- maven编译用的版本控制，控制jdk的版本不会回跳 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
版本问题可以到：https://www.mvnrepository.com/ 网站中搜索。
接下来配置web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1"
metadata-complete="true" >
<!-- 修改servlet版本为3.1 -->
<!-- 解决post的乱码 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<!-- 初始化参数，设置编码为utf-8 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 配置DispatcherServlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>Test1</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 配置springMVC需要加载的配置文件
spring-dao.xml,spring-service.xml,spring-web.xml
Mybatis -> spring -> springMVC
-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/spring-*.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>Test1</servlet-name>
<!-- 默认匹配所有的请求 -->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
配置到以上几部暂时先告一段落，接下来通过用户登录的实例引出每个包中应该创建什么文件，以及spring相关的配置信息。
数据库
创建一个数据库db_user，在创建user表，user表下有id、username、password三个字段。（暂时不要求那么多）
创建完成之后添加一条数据，id=1、username="admin"、password="123456"
数据库ok！
在pojo下创建实体类User：
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
创建Mapper层（UserMapper），并配置映射文件（UserMapper.xml）
在Mapping下创建UserMapper（Interface）
public interface UserMapper {
User findByUsername(String username);
}
在resources文件夹下新建一个mapper文件夹，存放MyBatis对应的映射文件 .xml。UserMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.sycu.test1.mty.mapping.UserMapper">
<!-- 目的：为DAO接口方法提供sql语句配置 -->
<!-- 查询用户和密码进行登录 -->
<select id="findByUsername" resultType="User" parameterType="String">
select * from user where username = #{username}
</select>
</mapper>
创建之后开始用Spring整合UserMapper（MyBatis）的配置文件
在spring文件夹下创建spring-dao.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 配置整合mybatis过程 -->
<!-- 1:配置数据库相关参数 properties的属性:${url}-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<!-- 2:数据库连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<!-- 配置连接池属性 -->
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
<!-- c3p0连接池的私有属性 -->
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"></property>
<property name="minPoolSize" value="10"></property>
<!-- 关闭连接后不自动commit -->
<property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"></property>
<!-- 获取连接超时时间 -->
<property name="checkoutTimeout" value="1000"></property>
<!-- 当获取连接失败重试次数 -->
<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 约定大于配置 -->
<!-- 3:配置sqlsessionfactory对象 -->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- 注入数据库连接池 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
<!-- 配置mybatis全局配置文件:mybatis-config.xml -->
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"></property>
<!-- 扫描entity包 使用别名 com.sy.entity.User ->User -->
<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.XXX.XXX.pojo"></property>
<!-- 扫描sql配置文件：mapping需要的xml文件 -->
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 4：配置扫描Dao接口的包，动态实现Dao接口，注入到Spring容器中 -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<!-- 注入sqlsessionfactory -->
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"></property>
<!-- 给出需要扫描的Dao接口包 -->
<property name="basePackage" value="com.XXX.XXX.mapping"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
value中对应着包的名，自行更改，在这里还引用到了mybatis-config.xml，如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!-- 配置全局属性 -->
<settings>
<!--使用jdbc的getGeneratedKeys获取数据库自增主键值 -->
<setting name="useGeneratedKeys" value="true"/>
<setting name="useColumnLabel" value="true"/>
<!-- 开启驼峰命名转换：Table(create_time) -> Entity(createTime) -->
<setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
</settings>
</configuration>
接下来对Service层接口以及实现类开始介绍
UserService接口为例写法：
public interface UserService {
User checkLogin(String username, String password);
}
UserServiceImpl实现类为例写法：
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
public User checkLogin(String username, String password){
User user = userMapper.findByUsername(username);
if(user!= null&& user.getPassword().equals(password)){
return user;
}
return null;
}
}
service写完开始介绍spring-service.xml的编写，spring整合service层配置文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 扫描service包下所有使用注解的类型 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.XXX.XXX.service"/>
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!-- 注入数据库的连接池 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置基于注解的声明式事务
默认使用注解来管理事务行为
-->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>
编写Controller层，UserController实现（SpringMVC）
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
//这里用了@SessionAttributes，可以直接把model中的user(也就key)放入其中
//这样保证了session中存在user这个对象
@SessionAttributes("user")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userServivce;
//正常访问login页面
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(){
return "login";
}
//表单提交过来的路径
@RequestMapping("/checkLogin")
public String checkLogin(User user,Model model){
//调用service方法
user = userServivce.checkLogin(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword());
//若有user则添加到model里并且跳转到成功页面
if(user != null){
model.addAttribute("user",user);
return "success";
}
return "fail";
}
}
配置spring-controller.xml文件，用spring来整合controller层的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
">
<!-- 配置springMVC -->
<!-- 1：开启springMVC注解模式 -->
<!-- 简化配置：
(1)自动注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping，AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter
(2)提供一系列：数据绑定，数字和日期的format @NumberFormat,@DataTimeFormat
xml,json默认读写支持
-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 2：配置jsp显示ViewResolver -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
<!-- 3：扫描web相关的bean -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.XXX.XXX.controller" />
</beans>
JSP的编写
在这里推荐使用前端的几个框架，可以查看这位小哥的一篇文章：
https://blog.csdn.net/liangpengcheng363/article/details/78813029
login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/Test1/user/checkLogin" method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<td>用户名:</td>
<td><input id="username" name="username" type="text"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码:</td>
<td><input id="password" name="password" type="password"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><input type="submit" value="登录"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<strong> welcome,${sessionScope.user.username}! </strong>
</div>
this is success page!
</html>
OK
以上就已经全部配置完成了，接下来可以启动服务试一试了，在地址栏输入：localhost:8080/Test1/user/login就可以看看能不能跳出登录页面了。
***如果在启动的时候发生错误，我遇到的有以下三点问题，具体什么问题就不在这里详细说明了，具体的步骤有：
1、更换jdk版本，1.8。每次update项目的时候jdk都会编程原来的，所以在pom.xml文件中的plugs中强制了jdk的版本
2、右键项目属性，在Deployment Assembly中点击add，选择Java Build Path Entries，然后选择Maven Dependencies，Finish
3、在Tomcat上面右键clean
然后再次启动服务，应该就没有什么大问题了，如遇到别的问题，那就自行百度吧
在web.xml中还有不是很完善的地方，其实在整体中我也认为存在着缺点，如果有哪位大神能够帮网指点出，万分感谢！！！