如何在CDH6.0中啓用Kerberos

1.文檔編寫目的

在前面的文章中，Fayson介紹了《如何在Redhat7.4安裝CDH6.0》，這裏我們基於這個環境開始安裝Kerberos。關於CDH啓用Kerberos的文章，前面Fayson也介紹過《如何在CDH集羣啓用Kerberos》、《如何在Redhat7.3的CDH5.14中啓用Kerberos》、《如何在Redhat7.4的CDH5.15中啓用Kerberos》和《如何在CDH6.0.0-beta1中啓用Kerberos》，通過本文，我們也可以來看看CDH6啓用Kerberos有哪些不一樣的地方。

內容概述：

1.如何安裝及配置KDC服務

2.如何通過CDH啓用Kerberos

3.如何登錄Kerberos並訪問Hadoop相關服務

4.總結

測試環境：

1.操作系統：Redhat7.4

2.CDH6.0

3.採用root用戶進行操作

2.KDC服務安裝及配置

本文檔中將KDC服務安裝在Cloudera Manager Server所在服務器上（KDC服務可根據自己需要安裝在其他服務器）

1.在Cloudera Manager服務器上安裝KDC服務

[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]# yum -y install krb5-server krb5-libs krb5-auth-dialog krb5-workstation

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2.修改/etc/krb5.conf配置

[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]# vim /etc/krb5.conf
# Configuration snippets may be placed in this directory as well
includedir /etc/krb5.conf.d/

[logging]
 default = FILE:/var/log/krb5libs.log
 kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log
 admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmind.log

[libdefaults]
 dns_lookup_realm = false
 ticket_lifetime = 24h
 renew_lifetime = 7d
 forwardable = true
 rdns = false
 default_realm = FAYSON.COM
 #default_ccache_name = KEYRING:persistent:%{uid}

[realms]
 FAYSON.COM = {
  kdc = ip-172-31-6-83.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal
  admin_server = ip-172-31-6-83.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal
 }

[domain_realm]
 .ap-southeast-1.compute.internal = FAYSON.COM
 ap-southeast-1.compute.internal = FAYSON.COM

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標紅部分爲需要修改的信息。

3.修改/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl配置

[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]# vim /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl
*/[email protected]      *

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4.修改/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf配置

[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]# vim /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]# cat /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf
[kdcdefaults]
 kdc_ports = 88
 kdc_tcp_ports = 88

[realms]
 FAYSON.COM = {
  #master_key_type = aes256-cts
  max_renewable_life= 7d 0h 0m 0s
  acl_file = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl
  dict_file = /usr/share/dict/words
  admin_keytab = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.keytab
  supported_enctypes = aes256-cts:normal aes128-cts:normal des3-hmac-sha1:normal arcfour-hmac:normal camellia256-cts:normal camellia128-cts:normal des-hmac-sha1:normal des-cbc-md5:normal des-cbc-crc:normal
 }

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標紅部分爲需要修改的配置。

5.創建Kerberos數據庫

[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]# kdb5_util create –r FAYSON.COM -s
Loading random data
Initializing database '/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/principal' for realm 'FAYSON.COM',
master key name 'K/[email protected]'
You will be prompted for the database Master Password.
It is important that you NOT FORGET this password.
Enter KDC database master key: 
Re-enter KDC database master key to verify:

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此處需要輸入Kerberos數據庫的密碼。

6.創建Kerberos的管理賬號

[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]# kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/[email protected] with password.
kadmin.local:  addprinc admin/[email protected]
WARNING: no policy specified for admin/[email protected]; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "admin/[email protected]": 
Re-enter password for principal "admin/[email protected]": 
Principal "admin/[email protected]" created.
kadmin.local:  exit

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標紅部分爲Kerberos管理員賬號，需要輸入管理員密碼。

7.將Kerberos服務添加到自啓動服務，並啓動krb5kdc和kadmin服務

[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]# systemctl enable krb5kdc
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/krb5kdc.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/krb5kdc.service.
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]# systemctl enable kadmin
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kadmin.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kadmin.service.
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]# systemctl start krb5kdc
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]# systemctl start kadmin

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8.測試Kerberos的管理員賬號

[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]# kinit admin/[email protected]
Password for admin/[email protected]: 
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: admin/[email protected]

Valid starting       Expires              Service principal
09/12/2018 12:54:17  09/13/2018 12:54:17  krbtgt/[email protected]
        renew until 09/19/2018 12:54:17

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9.爲集羣安裝所有Kerberos客戶端，包括Cloudera Manager

使用批處理腳本爲集羣所有節點安裝Kerberos客戶端

[root@ip-172-31-6-83 shell]# sh ssh_do_all.sh node.list 'yum -y install krb5-libs krb5-workstation'

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10.在Cloudera Manager Server服務器上安裝額外的包

[root@ip-172-31-6-83 shell]# yum -y install openldap-clients

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11.將KDC Server上的krb5.conf文件拷貝到所有Kerberos客戶端

使用批處理腳本將Kerberos服務端的krb5.conf配置文件拷貝至集羣所有節點的/etc目錄下：

[root@ip-172-31-6-83 shell]# sh bk_cp.sh node.list /etc/krb5.conf /etc/

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3.CDH集羣啓用Kerberos

1.在KDC中給Cloudera Manager添加管理員賬號

[root@ip-172-31-6-83 shell]# kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal admin/[email protected] with password.
kadmin.local:   addprinc cloudera-scm/[email protected]
WARNING: no policy specified for cloudera-scm/[email protected]; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "cloudera-scm/[email protected]": 
Re-enter password for principal "cloudera-scm/[email protected]": 
Principal "cloudera-scm/[email protected]" created.
kadmin.local:  exit

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2.進入Cloudera Manager的“管理” --> “安全”界面

3.選擇“啓用Kerberos”，進入如下界面

4.確保如下列出的所有檢查項都已完成

5.點擊“繼續”，配置相關的KDC信息，包括類型、KDC服務器、KDC Realm、加密類型以及待創建的Service Principal（hdfs，yarn,，hbase，hive等）的更新生命期等

6.不建議讓Cloudera Manager來管理krb5.conf, 點擊“繼續”

7.輸入Cloudera Manager的Kerbers管理員賬號，一定得和之前創建的賬號一致，點擊“繼續”

8.點擊“繼續”啓用Kerberos

9.Kerberos啓用完成，點擊“繼續”

10.勾選重啓集羣，點擊“繼續”

11.集羣重啓完成，點擊“繼續”

12.點擊“繼續”

點擊“完成”，至此已成功啓用Kerberos。

4.Kerberos使用

使用fayson用戶運行MapReduce任務及操作Hive，需要在集羣所有節點創建fayson用戶。

1.使用kadmin創建一個fayson的principal

[root@ip-172-31-6-83 shell]# kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal admin/[email protected] with password.
kadmin.local:  addprinc [email protected]
WARNING: no policy specified for [email protected]; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "[email protected]": 
Re-enter password for principal "[email protected]": 
Principal "[email protected]" created.
kadmin.local:  exit
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

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2.使用fayson用戶登錄Kerberos

[root@ip-172-31-6-83 shell]# kdestroy
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 shell]# kinit fayson
Password for [email protected]: 
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 shell]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: [email protected]

Valid starting       Expires              Service principal
09/12/2018 13:10:19  09/13/2018 13:10:19  krbtgt/[email protected]
        renew until 09/19/2018 13:10:19

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3.在集羣所有節點添加fayson用戶

使用批量腳本在所有節點添加fayson用戶

[root@ip-172-31-6-83 shell]#  sh ssh_do_all.sh node.list "useradd fayson"

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4.運行MapReduce作業

[root@ip-172-31-6-83 hadoop-mapreduce]# hadoop jar /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH/lib/hadoop-mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples.jar pi 10 1

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5.使用beeline連接hive進行測試

[root@ip-172-31-6-83 114-hdfs-NAMENODE]# beeline
WARNING: Use "yarn jar" to launch YARN applications.
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH-6.0.0-1.cdh6.0.0.p0.537114/jars/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.8.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH-6.0.0-1.cdh6.0.0.p0.537114/jars/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Beeline version 2.1.1-cdh6.0.0 by Apache Hive
beeline>  !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/[email protected]
Connecting to jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/[email protected]
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 2.1.1-cdh6.0.0)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 2.1.1-cdh6.0.0)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/>  show tables;
INFO  : Compiling command(queryId=hive_20180912131436_b299404d-8a2a-4d79-8ff5-490959188ab7): show tables
INFO  : Semantic Analysis Completed
INFO  : Returning Hive schema: Schema(fieldSchemas:[FieldSchema(name:tab_name, type:string, comment:from deserializer)], properties:null)
INFO  : Completed compiling command(queryId=hive_20180912131436_b299404d-8a2a-4d79-8ff5-490959188ab7); Time taken: 1.407 seconds
INFO  : Executing command(queryId=hive_20180912131436_b299404d-8a2a-4d79-8ff5-490959188ab7): show tables
INFO  : Starting task [Stage-0:DDL] in serial mode
INFO  : Completed executing command(queryId=hive_20180912131436_b299404d-8a2a-4d79-8ff5-490959188ab7); Time taken: 0.067 seconds
INFO  : OK
+-----------+
| tab_name  |
+-----------+
+-----------+
No rows selected (2.076 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> create table t1 (s1 string,s2 string);
INFO  : Compiling command(queryId=hive_20180912131453_e0afea04-95ce-49b3-9c93-4ae99e2d477f): create table t1 (s1 string,s2 string)
INFO  : Semantic Analysis Completed
INFO  : Returning Hive schema: Schema(fieldSchemas:null, properties:null)
INFO  : Completed compiling command(queryId=hive_20180912131453_e0afea04-95ce-49b3-9c93-4ae99e2d477f); Time taken: 0.07 seconds
INFO  : Executing command(queryId=hive_20180912131453_e0afea04-95ce-49b3-9c93-4ae99e2d477f): create table t1 (s1 string,s2 string)
INFO  : Starting task [Stage-0:DDL] in serial mode
INFO  : Completed executing command(queryId=hive_20180912131453_e0afea04-95ce-49b3-9c93-4ae99e2d477f); Time taken: 0.107 seconds
INFO  : OK
No rows affected (0.219 seconds)

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向test表中插入數據

0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> insert into t1 values('1','2');
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select * from t1;

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執行一個Count語句

0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select count(*) from t1;

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5.常見問題

1.使用Kerberos用戶身份運行MapReduce作業報錯

main : run as user is fayson
main : requested yarn user is fayson
Requested user fayson is not whitelisted and has id 501,which is below the minimum allowed 1000

Failing this attempt. Failing the application.
17/09/02 20:05:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 0
Job Finished in 6.184 seconds
java.io.FileNotFoundException: File does not exist: hdfs://ip-172-31-6-148:8020/user/fayson/QuasiMonteCarlo_1504382696029_1308422444/out/reduce-out
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$20.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1266)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$20.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1258)
        at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystemLinkResolver.resolve(FileSystemLinkResolver.java:81)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.getFileStatus(DistributedFileSystem.java:1258)
        at org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile$Reader.<init>(SequenceFile.java:1820)
        at org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile$Reader.<init>(SequenceFile.java:1844)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.estimatePi(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:314)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.run(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:354)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner.run(ToolRunner.java:70)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.main(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:363)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver$ProgramDescription.invoke(ProgramDriver.java:71)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver.run(ProgramDriver.java:144)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.ExampleDriver.main(ExampleDriver.java:74)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)

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問題原因：是由於Yarn限制了用戶id小於1000的用戶提交作業；

解決方法：修改Yarn的min.user.id來解決

2.進行kinit操作後，執行MR作業報“User fayson not found”

問題原因：在集羣的節點上沒有fayson這個用戶

解決方法：需要在集羣所有節點添加fayson用戶

6.總結

CDH6與CDH5啓用Kerberos的過程基本沒差別，除了CDH6的界面有些許變化外。
在CDH集羣中啓用Kerberos需要先安裝Kerberos服務（krb5kdc和kadmin服務）
在集羣所有節點需要安裝Kerberos客戶端，用於和kdc服務通信
在Cloudera Manager Server節點需要額外安裝openldap-clients包
CDH集羣啓用Kerberos後，使用自己定義的fayson用戶向集羣提交作業需確保集羣所有節點的操作系統中存在fayson用戶，否則作業會執行失敗

如何在CDH6.0中啓用Kerberos

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