Android USB通信

1.说在前面的话

这次做了一个项目,要求android端与外接设备进行通信,用到的是otg线连接开发板。然而网上有关USB host通信的资料很少,这里我就把自己的想法以及遇到的坑说一下吧(鄙视鄙视鄙视)。
2.Android Studio 配置
2.1Manifest配置

    <!--android作为host端的权限-->
    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.usb.host" android:required="true" />


     <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
                <intent-filter>
                    <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                    <action android:name="android.hardware.usb.action.USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED"/>
                    <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                </intent-filter>
                <meta-data
                    android:name="android.hardware.usb.action.USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED"
                    android:resource="@xml/usbfilter">
                </meta-data>
            </activity>


这里的action是外接设备被检测的动作,下面的usbfilter是过滤文件,里面存放外接设备的vendor-id和product-id。
2.2Usbfilter配置

    <resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
        <usb-device vendor-id="1234" product-id="1234" />
    </resources>


配置这个主要为了过滤出你的设备,然后再android端会提示你打开相应的app。这两个id可以在电脑上面获取,将你的设备利用usb线插入电脑,然后再设备管理器里面找到你的设备,右键属性,在详细信息中查看你的硬件id(上面显示的是16进制的),将他转换成10进制的数字就可以了。或者利用这个软件进行查询。
3.通信

    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
     
        private static final String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();
        private EditText et_content;
        private TextView tv_receive;
        private Button btn_send, btn_receive;
     
        private static final String ACTION_USB_PERMISSION = "com.android.example.USB_PERMISSION";
        private HashMap<String, UsbDevice> deviceList;  //设备列表
        private UsbManager usbManager;  //USB管理器:负责管理USB设备的类
        private UsbDevice usbDevice;   //找到的USB设备
        private UsbInterface usbInterface;  //代表USB设备的一个接口
        private UsbDeviceConnection deviceConnection;  //USB连接的一个类。用此连接可以向USB设备发送和接收数据,这里我们使用这个类下面的块传输方式
        private UsbEndpoint usbEpIn;  //代表一个接口的某个节点的类:读数据节点
        private UsbEndpoint usbEpOut;  //代表一个接口的某个节点的类:写数据节点
        private PendingIntent intent; //意图
     
        private byte[] sendBytes;  //要发送信息字节
        private byte[] receiveBytes;  //接收到的信息字节
     
        private Message message = new Message();
        private DataUtil dataUtil = new DataUtil();
     
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
     
            intent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this,0,new Intent(ACTION_USB_PERMISSION),0);
            registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver, new IntentFilter(ACTION_USB_PERMISSION));
     
            initUsbDevice();
            initView();
            initListener();
        }
     
        //初始化USB设备
        private void initUsbDevice() {
            usbManager = (UsbManager) getSystemService(Context.USB_SERVICE);
            deviceList = usbManager.getDeviceList();
            Iterator<UsbDevice> deviceIterator = deviceList.values().iterator();
            while (deviceIterator.hasNext()) {
                UsbDevice device = deviceIterator.next();
                //找到指定的设备
                if (device.getVendorId() == 2588 && device.getProductId() == 9030) {
                    usbDevice = device;
                    Log.e(TAG, "找到设备");
                }
            }
            findInterface();
        }
     
        //获取设备接口
        private void findInterface() {
     
            if (usbDevice == null) {
                Log.e(TAG, "没有找到设备");
                return;
            }
     
            for (int i = 0; i < usbDevice.getInterfaceCount(); i++) {
                //一个设备上面一般只有一个接口,有两个端点,分别接受和发送数据
                UsbInterface uInterface = usbDevice.getInterface(i);
                usbInterface = uInterface;
                Log.e(TAG, usbInterface.toString());
                break;
            }
     
            getEndpoint(usbInterface);
     
            if (usbInterface != null) {
                UsbDeviceConnection connection = null;
                //判断是否有权限
                if (usbManager.hasPermission(usbDevice)) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "已经获得权限");
                    connection = usbManager.openDevice(usbDevice);
                    Log.e(TAG, connection == null ? "true" : "false");
                    if (connection == null) {
                        Log.e(TAG, "设备连接为空");
                        return;
                    }
                    if (connection != null && connection.claimInterface(usbInterface, true)) {
                        deviceConnection = connection;
                        Log.e(TAG, deviceConnection == null ? "true" : "false");
                    } else {
                        connection.close();
                    }
                    
                } else {
                    Log.e(TAG, "正在获取权限...");
                    usbManager.requestPermission(usbDevice, intent);
                    if (usbManager.hasPermission(usbDevice)) {
                        Log.e(TAG, "获取权限");
                    } else {
                        Log.e(TAG, "没有权限");
                    }
     
                }
            } else {
                Log.e(TAG, "没有找到接口");
            }
        }
     
        //获取端点
        private void getEndpoint (UsbInterface usbInterface) {
            for (int i = 0; i < usbInterface.getEndpointCount(); i++) {
                UsbEndpoint ep = usbInterface.getEndpoint(i);
                if (ep.getType() == UsbConstants.USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK) {
                    if (ep.getDirection() == UsbConstants.USB_DIR_OUT) {
                        usbEpOut = ep;
                        Log.e(TAG, "获取发送数据的端点");
                    } else {
                        usbEpIn = ep;
                        Log.e(TAG, "获取接受数据的端点");
                    }
                }
            }
        }
     
        //初始化
        private void initView() {
            et_content = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_content);
            tv_receive = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_receive);
            btn_send = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_send);
            btn_receive = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_receive);
        }
     
     
        //初始化监听
        private void initListener() {
            btn_send.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
     
                    new Thread(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            Log.e(TAG, usbDevice.getDeviceName());
                            Log.e(TAG, usbEpIn.getEndpointNumber() + "------" + usbEpOut.getEndpointNumber());
     
                            Log.e(TAG, deviceConnection == null ? "true" : "false");
                            byte[] sendData = new byte[4];
                            sendData[0] = (byte) 0x31;
                            sendData[1] = (byte) 0x32;
                            sendData[2] = (byte) 0x33;
                            sendData[3] = (byte) 0x34;
     
                            Log.e(TAG, sendData[0] + "");
                            int result = deviceConnection.bulkTransfer(usbEpOut, sendData, sendData.length, 3000);
                            Log.e(TAG, "发送状态码:" + result);
     
                            receiveBytes = new byte[1024];
                            result = deviceConnection.bulkTransfer(usbEpIn, receiveBytes, receiveBytes.length, 3000);
                            Log.e(TAG, "接受状态码:" + result);
                            Log.e(TAG, receiveBytes[0] + "" );
     
                            deviceConnection.releaseInterface(usbInterface);
                        }
                    }).start();
                }
            });
        }
     
        private BroadcastReceiver broadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
            @Override
            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                Log.e(TAG, intent.getAction());
                if (intent.getAction().equals(ACTION_USB_PERMISSION)) {
                    boolean granted = intent.getExtras().getBoolean(UsbManager.EXTRA_PERMISSION_GRANTED);
                    Log.e("granted", granted + "");
                }
            }
        };
     
        //取消广播
        @Override
        protected void onDestroy() {
            super.onDestroy();
            unregisterReceiver(broadcastReceiver);
        }
    }


这里贴出所有代码,记住接收和发送信息的处理要在子线程中运行。
4.爬坑


刚刚开始做项目的时候,那叫一个酸爽,很多坑。首先要注意你是以那种方式通信,host还是accessory,然后再去Manifest里面添加相应的权限。其次明确你的传输方式,块传输还是控制传输,两个函数的参数都不一样,最后收发信息的处理逻辑最好放到子线程中运行,防止app挂掉。

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