k8s環境部署及使用方式

原創 182422883 2018-10-27 02:41

安裝k8s+docker集羣環境（基於centos7系統）

集羣機器：
centos-master = 192.168.121.9
centos-minion-1 = 192.168.121.65
centos-minion-2 = 192.168.121.66
centos-minion-3 = 192.168.121.67

1.配置yum源
[centos-master]:cat /etc/yum.repos.d/virt7-docker-common-release.repo

[virt7-docker-common-release]
name=virt7-docker-common-release
baseurl=http://cbs.centos.org/repos/virt7-docker-common-release/x86_64/os/
gpgcheck=0
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加載安裝包：
[centos-master]:yum repolist

virt7-docker-common-release virt7-docker-common-release 15

2.安裝集羣必要軟件—-etcd/flannel/kubernetes
Etcd服務在k8s集羣中用於配置共享和服務發現。

Flannel是針對k8s設計一個網絡規劃服務，讓集羣中的不同節點主機創建的Docker容器都具有全集羣唯一的虛擬IP地址。

[centos-master]:yum -y install –enablerepo=virt7-docker-common-release kubernetes etcd flannel

3.如果集羣中沒有使用DNS解析，那麼需要在master節點的/etc/hosts中添加node的主機名信息，比如：

echo "192.168.121.9    centos-master
192.168.121.65    centos-minion-1
192.168.121.66  centos-minion-2
192.168.121.67  centos-minion-3" >> /etc/hosts
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4.修改配置master節點的kubernetes配置文件/etc/kubernetes/config

#表示錯誤日誌記錄到文件還是輸出到stderr
KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR="--logtostderr=true"

#日誌等級
KUBE_LOG_LEVEL="--v=0"

#允許運行特權容器
KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV="--allow-privileged=false"

#apiserver的服務地址，controller-manager、scheduler及kubelet都會用到這個配置，這裏配置爲192.168.121.9
KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://192.168.121.9:8080"
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5.k8s集羣中涉及的端口比較多，所以centos中的防火牆需要設置對應規則，並需關閉selinux。爲確保k8s集羣的正常運行，我們可以直接關閉iptables與seliinux服務。

setenforce 0
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl stop firewalld.service
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6.修改配置master節點的etcd配置文件/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
etcd服務的可調參數比較多，根據需求開啓對應功能，此處我們大概調整如下幾個功能：

# [member]
#etcd名稱
ETCD_NAME=default

#etcd數據存儲位置
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"

#監聽的端口
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://0.0.0.0:2379"

#[cluster]
#集羣監聽的端口
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://0.0.0.0:2379"
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7.修改配置master節點的apiserver配置文件/etc/kubernetes/apiserver

#監聽的接口，如果配置爲127.0.0.1則只監聽localhost，配置爲0.0.0.0會監聽所有接口，這裏配置爲0.0.0.0
KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--address=0.0.0.0"

#apiserver的監聽端口，默認8080
KUBE_API_PORT="--port=8080"

#minion上kubelet監聽的端口，默認10250
KUBELET_PORT="--kubelet-port=10250"

#etcd服務地址，前面已經啓動了etcd服務,端口爲2379
KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=http://127.0.0.1:2379"

#kubernetes可以分配的ip的範圍，kubernetes啓動的每一個pod以及serveice都會分配一個ip地址，將從這個範圍分配
KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES="--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16"

#需要額外添加的配置項，簡單地啓用一個集羣無需配置
KUBE_API_ARGS=""
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8.啓動並且配置etcd的網段，此網段一定是未被使用的

systemctl start etcd
etcdctl mkdir /kube-centos/network
etcdctl mk /kube-centos/network/config "{ \"Network\": \"172.30.0.0/16\", \"SubnetLen\": 24, \"Backend\": { \"Type\": \"vxlan\" } }"
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9.修改配置master節點的flanneld配置文件/etc/sysconfig/flanneld

#etcd的訪問地址及端口
FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS="http://192.168.121.9:2379"

#服務範圍
FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX="/kube-centos/network"

#其他
FLANNEL_OPTIONS=""
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10.啓動k8s集羣

for SERVICES in etcd kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler flanneld; do
    systemctl restart $SERVICES
    systemctl enable $SERVICES
    systemctl status $SERVICES
done
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以上就是k8s，master節點的安裝及配置
接下來，配置nodes節點

11.修改配置nodes節點kubelet的配置文件/etc/kubernetes/kubelet

#minion監聽的地址，每個minion根據實際的ip配置,這裏配置爲0.0.0.0
KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=0.0.0.0"

#監聽的端口
KUBELET_PORT="--port=10250"

#apiserver的訪問地址及端口
KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://192.168.121.9:8080"

#額外增加的參數
KUBELET_ARGS="--logtostderr=false --v=0 --log-dir=/data/logs/kubernetes"
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12.修改配置nodes節點flanneld的配置文件/etc/sysconfig/flanneld

#etcd的訪問地址及端口
FLANNEL_ETCD="http://192.168.121.9:2379"

#etcd服務範圍
FLANNEL_ETCD_KEY="/kube-centos/network"
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13.啓動k8s集羣服務

for SERVICES in kube-proxy kubelet flanneld docker; do
    systemctl restart $SERVICES
    systemctl enable $SERVICES
    systemctl status $SERVICES
done
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14.設置kubectl的配置文件

kubectl config set-cluster default-cluster --server=http://192.168.121.9:8080
kubectl config set-context default-context --cluster=default-cluster --user=default-admin
kubectl config use-context default-context
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15.檢查集羣狀態
[centos-master]:kubectl get nodes

NAME                   STATUS     AGE     VERSION
centos-minion-1        Ready      3d      v1.5.0+fff5156
centos-minion-2        Ready      3d      v1.5.0+fff5156
centos-minion-3        Ready      3d      v1.5.0+fff5156
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至此，集羣構建完畢

搭建私有庫

私有庫用於系統內部存儲成品鏡像，能夠快速進行下載及被k8s調度。

1.下載並啓動私有庫

[centos-master]:docker run --name registry -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime -v /opt/registry:/var/lib/registry -p 5000:5000 -itd docker.io/registry

#--name 表示啓動的容器後名稱，此處爲registry
#-v 表示掛載路徑  格式爲宿主機路徑:容器內路徑
#-p 表示映射端口  格式爲宿主機端口:容器內端口
#-itd   docker的內部參數，此處聲明後臺運行容器並分配一個僞終端並綁定到容器的標準輸入上，後跟鏡像名稱此處爲docker.io/registry
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2.創建一個secret服務，用於k8s調度私有庫容器時的“令牌”。簡單來說，secret服務就是一個存儲密碼的服務

[centos-master]:kubectl create secret docker-registry registrykey --docker-server=registry.evehicle.cn --docker-username=docker --docker-password=docker [email protected]

[centos-master]:kubectl get secret
NAME          TYPE                      DATA      AGE
registrykey   kubernetes.io/dockercfg   1         6s
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此時登錄時會提示認證錯誤

[centos-master]:docker login -u docker -p docker -e [email protected] registry.evehicle.cn
Flag --email has been deprecated, will be removed in 1.13.
Error response from daemon: login attempt to https://registry.evehicle.cn/v2/ failed with status: 401 Unauthorized
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這是因爲Docker官方是推薦採用Secure Registry的工作模式的，即transport採用tls。這樣我們就需要爲Registry配置tls所需的key和crt文件了

3.配置nginx反向代理
[centos-master]: cat registry.evehicle.cn.conf

# For versions of nginx > 1.3.9 that include chunked transfer encoding support
# Replace with appropriate values where necessary

upstream docker-registry {
  server 192.168.121.9:5000;
  #server 10.44.170.95:5000;
}

# uncomment if you want a 301 redirect for users attempting to connect
# on port 80
# NOTE: docker client will still fail. This is just for convenience
# server {
#   listen *:80;
#   server_name my.docker.registry.com;
#   return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
# }

server {
    listen 443;
    server_name registry.evehicle.cn;

    ssl on;
    ssl_certificate ssl/registry.evehicle.cn.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key ssl/registry.evehicle.cn.key;

    client_max_body_size 0; # disable any limits to avoid HTTP 413 for large image uploads

    # required to avoid HTTP 411: see Issue #1486 (https://github.com/docker/docker/issues/1486)
    chunked_transfer_encoding on;

    location / {
        auth_basic  "Restricted";
        auth_basic_user_file  passwd;
        add_header 'Docker-Distribution-Api-Version' 'registry/2.0' always;

        proxy_pass                          http://docker-registry;
        proxy_set_header  Host              $http_host;   # required for docker client's sake
        proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP         $remote_addr; # pass on real client's IP
        proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For   $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_read_timeout                  900;
        }

    location /_ping {
        auth_basic off;
        include               docker-registry.conf;
    }

    location /v1/_ping {
        auth_basic off;
        include               docker-registry.conf;
    }

    location /v2/_ping {
        auth_basic off;
        include               docker-registry.conf;
    }
}
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將key及crt證書文件放到../ssl目錄下。使用htpasswd生成密碼放於./上一級目錄

 htpasswd -bcm passwd docker docker
 #-c：創建一個加密文件
 #-m：md5加密，默認可不填寫
 #-b：表示用戶名密碼在命令行中一併輸入，不用分別填寫
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4.再次登錄

[centos-master]:docker login -u docker -p docker -e [email protected] registry.evehicle.cn

Login Succeeded
表示成功，此時再pull\push既在私有庫中進行
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構建服務

docker的本意是將代碼包含在容器內製作成鏡像形成“產品”。但出於公司的（頻繁修改代碼及服務器資源受限）的特殊性，我們將代碼以“外掛”的形式運行在宿主機上。下面以部署官網（apache）服務爲例：
1.從docker的公有庫裏下載centos7的原生鏡像

[centos-master]:docker pull centos

Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos ...
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/centos
d9aaf4d82f24: Downloading [>              ]   540 kB/73.39 MB
d9aaf4d82f24: Pulling fs layer
Digest: sha256:eba772bac22c86d7d6e72421b4700c3f894ab6e35475a34014ff8de74c10872e
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
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2.編寫Dockerfile製造apache基礎鏡像

######httpd####
FROM centos
MAINTAINER lienhua lienhua@zhongchuangsanyou.com
RUN yum -y install epel-release
RUN yum -y install httpd  php php-mysql php-memcache* php-mbstring
ADD httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

EXPOSE 80

CMD ["/usr/sbin/apachectl", "-D", "FOREGROUND"]
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其中httpd.conf文件需要在當前目錄下真實存在，此處其內容爲

ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"
Listen 80
Listen 8080
Include conf.modules.d/*.conf
Include zcsy/*.conf
User apache
Group apache
ServerAdmin root@localhost
<Directory />
    AllowOverride none
    Require all denied
</Directory>
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
<Directory "/var/www">
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory "/var/www/html">
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>
<Files ".ht*">
    Require all denied
</Files>
ErrorLog "logs/error_log"
LogLevel warn
<IfModule log_config_module>
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
    <IfModule logio_module>
      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
    </IfModule>
    CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined
</IfModule>
<IfModule alias_module>
    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"
</IfModule>
<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
    AllowOverride None
    Options None
    Require all granted
</Directory>
<IfModule mime_module>
    TypesConfig /etc/mime.types
    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
    AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
    AddType text/html .shtml
    AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
</IfModule>
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
<IfModule mime_magic_module>
    MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
</IfModule>
EnableSendfile off
EnableMMAP off
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf
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執行[centos-master]:docker build -t registry.evehicle.cn/httpd . 命令製作名爲”registry.evehicle.cn/httpd”的鏡像（注意此處的點必須要有，並且其意義代表當前目錄下的Dockerfile文件）

3.將製作好的鏡像上傳到私有庫

docker push registry.evehicle.cn/httpd
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4.編寫啓動apache服務的yaml文件

[centos-master]:cat 13-rc-httpd.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: 13-rc-httpd
  labels:
    name: 13-rc-httpd
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    name: 13-rc-httpd
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: 13-rc-httpd
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: 13-rc-httpd
        image: registry.evehicle.cn/httpd
        env:
        - name: LANG
          value: en_US.UTF-8
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          hostPort: 80
        volumeMounts:
        - name: time
          mountPath: /etc/localtime
        - name: zcsy
          mountPath: /etc/httpd/zcsy
        - name: deploy
          mountPath: /docker/httpd/deploy
        - name: log
          mountPath: /var/log/httpd
      volumes:
        - name: time
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/localtime
        - name: zcsy
          hostPath:
            path: /docker/httpd/zcsy
        - name: deploy
          hostPath:
            path: /docker/httpd/deploy
        - name: log
          hostPath:
            path: /docker/httpd/log
      nodeSelector:
        slave: "13"
      imagePullSecrets:
      - name: registrykey
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5.給其中一個node加上標籤爲“13”

kubectl label nodes centos-minion-1 slave=13
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6.此時擁有標籤“13”的nodes應具備的條件

/docker/httpd/zcsy下需要有官網的配置文件

<VirtualHost *:80>
   ServerName www.evehicle.cn
  DocumentRoot /var/deploy/wordpress/
        RewriteEngine on
        RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}%{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
        RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}%{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
        RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}%{REQUEST_URI} !^.*\.(ico|pdf|flv|jpe?g|js|gif|png|html|shtml|zip|xml|gz|rar|swf|txt|apk|bmp|css|m4a|ogg|mp3|ipa|plist)$
        RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/server-status$
        RewriteRule . /index.php [QSA,PT,L]

</VirtualHost>
<Directory /var/deploy/wordpress/>
    Options FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride All
    Require all granted
</Directory>
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以及/docker/httpd/deploy下需要有官網的代碼

7.運行yaml文件啓動容器

[centos-master]: kuberctl create -f 13-rc-httpd.yaml

8.查看服務

[centos-master]: kuberctl get rc

NAME                 DESIRED   CURRENT   AGE
13-rc-httpd          2         2         168d
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9.程序中涉及的mysql\redis\memcache等服務也需使用容器運行起來

[centos-master]: docker pull redis
[centos-master]: docker tag registry.evehicle.cn/redis redis
[centos-master]: docker push registry.evehicle.cn/redis
[centos-master]: kubectl create -f rc-redis.yaml
[centos-master]: cat rc-redis.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: redis
  labels:
    name: redis
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    name: redis
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: redis
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: redis
        image: registry.evehicle.cn/redis
        ports:
        - containerPort: 6379
          hostPort: 6379
        volumeMounts:
        - name: data
          mountPath: /data
        - name: time
          mountPath: /etc/localtime
      volumes:
        - name: data
          hostPath:
            path: /docker/redis/6379
        - name: time
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/localtime
      nodeSelector:
        slave: "13"
      imagePullSecrets:
      - name: registrykey
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啓動memcache
[centos-master]: docker pull memcache
[centos-master]: docker tag registry.evehicle.cn/memcached memcache
[centos-master]: docker push registry.evehicle.cn/memcached
[centos-master]: kubectl create -f rc-memcached.yaml
[centos-master]: cat rc-memcached.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: memcached
  labels:
    name: memcached
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    name: memcached
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: memcached
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: memcached
        image: registry.evehicle.cn/memcached
        ports:
        - containerPort: 11211
          hostPort: 11211
      #nodeSelector:
      #  slave: "13"
      imagePullSecrets:
      - name: registrykey
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製造mysql鏡像
[centos-master]: cat Dockerfile

FROM alpine


COPY startup.sh /startup.sh
RUN addgroup mysql && \
    adduser -H -D -s /bin/false -G mysql mysql && \
    apk add --update mysql mysql-client && rm -f /var/cache/apk/* && \
    mkdir /data && \
    chown -R mysql:mysql /data /etc/mysql && \
    chmod 755 /startup.sh \
    ;


WORKDIR /data
VOLUME /data
VOLUME /etc/mysql


EXPOSE 3306
CMD ["/startup.sh"]
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啓動mysql（建議mysql在宿主機啓動）
[centos-master]: docker build -t registry.evehicle.cn/mysql
[centos-master]: docker push registry.evehicle.cn/mysql
[centos-master]: kubectl create -f rc-mysql.yaml
[centos-master]: cat rc-mysql.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: 13-rc-mysql
  labels:
    name: 13-rc-mysql
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    name: 13-rc-mysql
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: 13-rc-mysql
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: 13-rc-mysql
        image: registry.evehicle.cn/mysql
        env:
        - name: MYSQL_DATABASE
          value: admin
        - name: MYSQL_USER
          value: tony
        - name: MYSQL_PASSWORD
          value: 456
        - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
          value: 123
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3306
          hostPort: 3306
        volumeMounts:
        - name: time
          mountPath: /etc/localtime
        - name: data
          mountPath: /data
        - name: etc
          mountPath: /etc/mysql
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/mysqld
      volumes:
        - name: time
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/localtime
        - name: data
          hostPath:
            path: /docker/mysql/data
        - name: etc
          hostPath:
            path: /docker/mysql/etc
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /docker/mysql/run
      nodeSelector:
        slave: "13"
      imagePullSecrets:
      - name: registrykey
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爲方便代碼編寫及統一管理，應提前做好內部DNS解析。將所負責的應用規整到對應的機器上。

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