接口自動化測試第三篇 HTTPClient

使用方法:

使用HttpClient發送請求、接收響應很簡單，一般需要如下幾步即可。
1. 創建HttpClient對象。
2. 創建請求方法的實例，並指定請求URL。如果需要發送GET請求，創建HttpGet對象；如果需要發送POST請求，創建HttpPost對象。
3. 如果需要發送請求參數，可調用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法來添加請求參數；對於HttpPost對象而言，也可調用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法來設置請求參數。
4. 調用HttpClient對象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)發送請求，該方法返回一個HttpResponse。
5. 調用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可獲取服務器的響應頭；調用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可獲取HttpEntity對象，該對象包裝了服務器的響應內容。程序可通過該對象獲取服務器的響應內容。
6. 釋放連接。無論執行方法是否成功，都必須釋放連接

Maven pom.xml導入httpclient依賴

 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.2</version>
        </dependency>

代碼:

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpClientUtil {

    public static String get(String url){
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        HttpGet httpGet = null;
        try {
            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            //請求配置
            RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(20000)
                    .setConnectTimeout(20000)
                    .build();
            //創建HttpGet實例
            httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
            //對HttpGet指定配置
            httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
            //啓動httpget請求
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String reponseInformation = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8");
            return reponseInformation;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                if (httpGet != null) {
                    httpGet.releaseConnection();
                }

                if (httpClient != null ) {
                    httpClient.close();
                }
            }catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
        return null;
    }

    /*
    * HTTPCLIENT-POST請求:x-www-form-urlencoded  類型
    *
    * */
    public static String post(String url, Map<String,String> params){
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        HttpPost httpPost = null;
        try {
            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            //請求配置
            RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(20000)
                    .setConnectTimeout(20000)
                    .build();
            //創建HttpPost實例
            httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            //對HttpPost指定配置
            httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
            List<NameValuePair> ps = new ArrayList<>();
            for (String key : params.keySet()) {
                NameValuePair nv = new BasicNameValuePair(key,params.get(key));
                ps.add(nv);
            }
            UrlEncodedFormEntity requestEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(ps);
            httpPost.setEntity(requestEntity);
            //啓動httpPost請求
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String reponseInformation = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8");
            return reponseInformation;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                if (httpPost != null) {
                    httpPost.releaseConnection();
                }

                if (httpClient != null ) {
                    httpClient.close();
                }
            }catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
        return null;
    }
    /*
     * HTTPCLIENT-POST請求:APPLICATION_JSON類型數據
     *
     * */
    public static String post(String url, String body){
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        HttpPost httpPost = null;
        try {
            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            //請求配置
            RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(20000)
                    .setConnectTimeout(20000)
                    .build();
            //創建HttpPost實例
            httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            //對HttpPost指定配置
            httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
//            List<NameValuePair> ps = new ArrayList<>();
//            for (String key : params.keySet()) {
//                NameValuePair nv = new BasicNameValuePair(key,params.get(key));
//                ps.add(nv);
//            }
            //闖入的參數，傳入的參數類型爲"APPLICATION_JSON"
            StringEntity requestEntity = new StringEntity(body,ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
            httpPost.setEntity(requestEntity);
            //啓動httpPost請求
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String reponseInformation = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8");
            return reponseInformation;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                if (httpPost != null) {
                    httpPost.releaseConnection();
                }

                if (httpClient != null ) {
                    httpClient.close();
                }
            }catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
        return null;
    }
    public static void main (String [] args){
//        //GET請求
//        String s = get("http://v.juhe.cn/weather/index?format=2&cityname=北京&key=9679a0703822fe67b9cff961ba197b02");
//        System.out.println(s);

        //POST請求
        Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("subject","4");
        map.put("model","a1");
        map.put("testType","order");
        map.put("key","5d5d6091ba01de0c27e84b4ab2fca5df");
        String s1=post("http://v.juhe.cn/jztk/query",map);
        System.out.println(s1);

        String s2=post("http://v.juhe.cn/wepiao/query","{\"key\":\"24f59d857d2ad45011946fede9ae5d55\"}");
        System.out.println(s2);

    }
}