requests (第三方庫）基於urllib3 使用更加方便

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# requests 是一個用python語言寫的第三方庫，在使用的時候，需要手動安裝(pip install requests)
# 非常好用，基於urllib3

import requests


'''
requests 請求的函數
# requests.Request
# requests.request(method, url, **kwargs)
# requests.get(url, params, **kwargs)
# requests.post(url, data, json, **kwargs)
# requests.delete(url, **kwargs)
# requests.session()
'''

'''
reqiests 發起get請求的響應頁面的方法 

response = requests.get(url, params, **kwargs)
response.request
response.content       # 獲取的是二進制文本
response.text          # 獲取的是string字符串
response.headers       # 獲取請求頭
response.encoding      # 獲取服務器的響應頁面的編碼格式
response.url           # 獲取瀏覽器向服務器發送的URL
response.status_code   # 獲取服務器向瀏覽器返回的狀態嗎
response.cookies       # 獲取服務器響應後的cookies
'''

'''
requests 發起post請求的響應頁面的方法 （與get相同）

response = requests.post(url, data, json, **kwargs)
response.cookies
response.status_code
response.url
response.encoding
response.headers
response.text
response.content
response.request
'''


# response = requests.get(url='https://www.baidu.com/')


# Caused by SSLError(CertificateError
headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.139 Safari/537.36',
           'Accept':'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8'}

# 添加一個verify = False ,取消證書的驗證
response = requests.get(url='https://www.12306.cn/mormhweb/',verify = False,headers = headers)

# 將獲取的響應頁面進行編碼
response.encoding = 'utf-8'

# 獲取響應頁面的string文本
content = response.text

print(content)