Linux（Centos）常用命令的英文解釋(按英文字母順序組織)
對於一個喜歡探索爲什麼的青年，使用linux時必須要知道它的具體含義，原始含義，方便理解和記憶。是不是頗有強迫症的疑問。
A
apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
apt-get命令是Debian Linux發行版中的APT軟件包管理工具
ar = archiver
arch命令用於顯示當前主機的硬件架構類型，等同於命令：uname -m
as = assembler - the portable GNU assembler（彙編程序）.
B
bash = Bourne Again SHell
bc ：basic calculator算術操作精密運算工具-計算器
bin = Binaries (二進制文件)
bg: Background
C
cal：Calendar (日曆)
cat: concatenate 連接 cat命令連接文件並打印到標準輸出設備上，cat經常用來顯示文件的內容
cat m1 （在屏幕上顯示文件ml的內容）
cat m1 m2 （同時顯示文件ml和m2的內容）
cat m1 m2 > file （將文件ml和m2合併後放入文件file中）
cd：Change working directory 切換當前工作目錄
chgrp: Change group
chown: Change owner
cp: Copy file複製文件
cpio = CoPy In and Out
cpp = C Pre Processor
chmod: Change mode
chgrp :Change Group
chsh : Change Shell
cmp : compare
cobra : Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture
comm : common
cups = Common Unix Printing System
cvs = Current Version System
D
date:查看當前時間
dc = Desk Calculator
dd = Disk Dump (磁盤轉儲)
dd: - convert and copy a file 本應命名爲“cc”，但“cc”已經被用以代表“CComplier”，所以命名爲“dd”
df: disk free 其功能是顯示磁盤可用空間數目信息及空間結點信息。換句話說，就是報告在任何安裝的設備或目錄中，還剩多少自由的空間。
du: Disk usage 磁盤使用情況
daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
df = Disk Free
diff = Difference
dmesg = diagnostic message
du = Disk Usage
E
ed = editor
egrep = Extended GREP
elf = Extensible Linking Format
elm = ELectronic Mail
emacs = Editor MACroS
eval = Evaluate
ex = Extended
exec = Execute (執行)
F
fsck：File system check
fd = file descriptors
fg: Foreground
fgrep = Fixed GREP
fmt = format
fsck = File System ChecK
fstab = FileSystem TABle
G
gawk = GNU AWK
groff = GNU troff
GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
I
insmod: install module,載入模塊
i：insert 在vim中編輯時插入字符
IFS= Internal Field Seperators
insmod：Install module
K
ksh = Korn SHell
L
ls：list files羅列出當前文件夾中的文件名
ln -s : link -soft 創建一個軟鏈接，相當於創建一個快捷方式
lsmod: List modules
ln: Link files
lame = Lame Ain’t an MP3 Encoder
lex = LEXical analyser
lpr = Line PRint
ldd：List dynamic dependencies
lsmod：List module
lsof = List Open Files
M
man: Manual
mv: move file 轉移文件
mkdir：make directory 創建文件夾
mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
mknod = Make Node
motd = Message of The Day
mtab = Mount TABle
N
nano = Nano’s ANOther editor nano是一個字符終端的文本編輯器，有點像DOS下的editor程序。它比vi/vim要簡單得多，比較適合Linux初學者使用。某些Linux發行版的默認編輯器就是nano
nl = Number of Lines
nm = names
nohup = No HangUP
nroff = New ROFF
O
od = Octal Dump - dump files in octal and other formats
P
ps: process status(進程狀態，類似於windows的任務管理器)
ps -auxf 顯示進程狀態
pwd:print work directory 打印當前目錄 顯示出當前工作目錄的絕對路徑
passwd = Passwd
pg = pager
pico = PIne’s message COmposition editor
pine = “Program for Internet News &Email” = “Pine is not Elm”
ping -send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
popd = POP Directory
pr = print (pr命令可以用來將文本轉換成適合打印的文件) $ pr -h “My report” file.txt 具體的pr用法
printf = Print Formatted
pty = pseudo tty
pushd = PUSH Directory
Q
R
rpm：即RedHat Package Management，是RedHat的發明之一
rmdir：Remove Directory（刪除目錄）
rm：Remove（刪除目錄或文件）
rc = runcom = run command
rev = REVerse
roff = RunOFF
rmmod：Remove module
S
su：switch user(切換用戶)
sed = Stream Editor
seq = sequence
shar = Shell ARchive
ssh = Secure Shell
ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
stty = Set TTY
svn = SubVersion
T
tar：Tape archive （磁帶檔案）
tree 顯示當前文件夾的文件目錄結構
tcsh = TENEX C shell
tee = T (T形水管接口)
telnet = TeminaL over Network
termcap = terminal capability
terminfo = terminal information
tr - translate or delete characters
troff = Typesetter new ROFF
tsort = Topological SORT
tty = TeleTypewriter
twm = Tom’s Window Manager
tz = TimeZone
touch 創建新的空文件
Tcl = Tool Command Language
Tk = ToolKit
U
umount: Unmount
uname: Unix name
uname -a查看系統內核版本
unzip 命令用於解壓縮由zip命令壓縮的“.zip”壓縮包
V
vim ：Vi IMproved,一個文本編輯器
VT = Video Terminal
W
who 顯示當前系統登錄的用戶信息
whatis 查詢一個命令執行什麼功能 whatis ls
wall = write all
wc = Word Count 字數統計
wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator
X
xargs = eXtended Arguments
xdm = X Display Manager
xlfd = X Logical Font Description
xmms = X Multimedia System
xrdb = X Resources DataBase
xwd = X Window Dump
Y
yum - Yellowdog Updater Modified（Centos7中的包管理工具，軟件安裝、卸載都用它）
yacc - an LALR(1) parser generator
YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
Z
zip 對文件進行打包操作或解壓縮 zip -q -r html.zip /home/Blinux/html
部分Linux命令縮寫
/dev = Devices (設備)
/etc = Etcetera (等等)
/lib = LIBrary
/proc = Processes
/sbin = Superuser Binaries (超級用戶的二進制文件)
/tmp = Temporary (臨時)
/usr = Unix Shared Resources
/var = Variable (變量)
文件結尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）：Resource configuration
Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位於rcx.d目錄下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；
nn（執行順序號）；xxx（服務標識）
.a（擴展名a）：Archive，static library
.so（擴展名so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library
.o（擴展名o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file
Linux常用命令全拼
https://www.cnblogs.com/yjd_hycf_space/p/7730690.html
http://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-command-manual.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/200911/p/4012161.html