Linux（Centos）常用命令的英文解释(按英文字母顺序组织)
对于一个喜欢探索为什么的青年，使用linux时必须要知道它的具体含义，原始含义，方便理解和记忆。是不是颇有强迫症的疑问。
A
apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
apt-get命令是Debian Linux发行版中的APT软件包管理工具
ar = archiver
arch命令用于显示当前主机的硬件架构类型，等同于命令：uname -m
as = assembler - the portable GNU assembler（汇编程序）.
B
bash = Bourne Again SHell
bc ：basic calculator算术操作精密运算工具-计算器
bin = Binaries (二进制文件)
bg: Background
C
cal：Calendar (日历)
cat: concatenate 连接 cat命令连接文件并打印到标准输出设备上，cat经常用来显示文件的内容
cat m1 （在屏幕上显示文件ml的内容）
cat m1 m2 （同时显示文件ml和m2的内容）
cat m1 m2 > file （将文件ml和m2合并后放入文件file中）
cd：Change working directory 切换当前工作目录
chgrp: Change group
chown: Change owner
cp: Copy file复制文件
cpio = CoPy In and Out
cpp = C Pre Processor
chmod: Change mode
chgrp :Change Group
chsh : Change Shell
cmp : compare
cobra : Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture
comm : common
cups = Common Unix Printing System
cvs = Current Version System
D
date:查看当前时间
dc = Desk Calculator
dd = Disk Dump (磁盘转储)
dd: - convert and copy a file 本应命名为“cc”，但“cc”已经被用以代表“CComplier”，所以命名为“dd”
df: disk free 其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说，就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多少自由的空间。
du: Disk usage 磁盘使用情况
daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
df = Disk Free
diff = Difference
dmesg = diagnostic message
du = Disk Usage
E
ed = editor
egrep = Extended GREP
elf = Extensible Linking Format
elm = ELectronic Mail
emacs = Editor MACroS
eval = Evaluate
ex = Extended
exec = Execute (执行)
F
fsck：File system check
fd = file descriptors
fg: Foreground
fgrep = Fixed GREP
fmt = format
fsck = File System ChecK
fstab = FileSystem TABle
G
gawk = GNU AWK
groff = GNU troff
GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
I
insmod: install module,载入模块
i：insert 在vim中编辑时插入字符
IFS= Internal Field Seperators
insmod：Install module
K
ksh = Korn SHell
L
ls：list files罗列出当前文件夹中的文件名
ln -s : link -soft 创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方式
lsmod: List modules
ln: Link files
lame = Lame Ain’t an MP3 Encoder
lex = LEXical analyser
lpr = Line PRint
ldd：List dynamic dependencies
lsmod：List module
lsof = List Open Files
M
man: Manual
mv: move file 转移文件
mkdir：make directory 创建文件夹
mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
mknod = Make Node
motd = Message of The Day
mtab = Mount TABle
N
nano = Nano’s ANOther editor nano是一个字符终端的文本编辑器，有点像DOS下的editor程序。它比vi/vim要简单得多，比较适合Linux初学者使用。某些Linux发行版的默认编辑器就是nano
nl = Number of Lines
nm = names
nohup = No HangUP
nroff = New ROFF
O
od = Octal Dump - dump files in octal and other formats
P
ps: process status(进程状态，类似于windows的任务管理器)
ps -auxf 显示进程状态
pwd:print work directory 打印当前目录 显示出当前工作目录的绝对路径
passwd = Passwd
pg = pager
pico = PIne’s message COmposition editor
pine = “Program for Internet News &Email” = “Pine is not Elm”
ping -send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
popd = POP Directory
pr = print (pr命令可以用来将文本转换成适合打印的文件) $ pr -h “My report” file.txt 具体的pr用法
printf = Print Formatted
pty = pseudo tty
pushd = PUSH Directory
Q
R
rpm：即RedHat Package Management，是RedHat的发明之一
rmdir：Remove Directory（删除目录）
rm：Remove（删除目录或文件）
rc = runcom = run command
rev = REVerse
roff = RunOFF
rmmod：Remove module
S
su：switch user(切换用户)
sed = Stream Editor
seq = sequence
shar = Shell ARchive
ssh = Secure Shell
ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
stty = Set TTY
svn = SubVersion
T
tar：Tape archive （磁带档案）
tree 显示当前文件夹的文件目录结构
tcsh = TENEX C shell
tee = T (T形水管接口)
telnet = TeminaL over Network
termcap = terminal capability
terminfo = terminal information
tr - translate or delete characters
troff = Typesetter new ROFF
tsort = Topological SORT
tty = TeleTypewriter
twm = Tom’s Window Manager
tz = TimeZone
touch 创建新的空文件
Tcl = Tool Command Language
Tk = ToolKit
U
umount: Unmount
uname: Unix name
uname -a查看系统内核版本
unzip 命令用于解压缩由zip命令压缩的“.zip”压缩包
V
vim ：Vi IMproved,一个文本编辑器
VT = Video Terminal
W
who 显示当前系统登录的用户信息
whatis 查询一个命令执行什么功能 whatis ls
wall = write all
wc = Word Count 字数统计
wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator
X
xargs = eXtended Arguments
xdm = X Display Manager
xlfd = X Logical Font Description
xmms = X Multimedia System
xrdb = X Resources DataBase
xwd = X Window Dump
Y
yum - Yellowdog Updater Modified（Centos7中的包管理工具，软件安装、卸载都用它）
yacc - an LALR(1) parser generator
YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
Z
zip 对文件进行打包操作或解压缩 zip -q -r html.zip /home/Blinux/html
部分Linux命令缩写
/dev = Devices (设备)
/etc = Etcetera (等等)
/lib = LIBrary
/proc = Processes
/sbin = Superuser Binaries (超级用户的二进制文件)
/tmp = Temporary (临时)
/usr = Unix Shared Resources
/var = Variable (变量)
文件结尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）：Resource configuration
Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目录下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；
nn（执行顺序号）；xxx（服务标识）
.a（扩展名a）：Archive，static library
.so（扩展名so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library
.o（扩展名o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file
Linux常用命令全拼
https://www.cnblogs.com/yjd_hycf_space/p/7730690.html
http://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-command-manual.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/200911/p/4012161.html