Android 學習之《第一行代碼》第二版 筆記（十九）從相冊中選取圖片

單擊按鈕從相冊中選取圖片並展示出來

在此基礎代碼上修改：調用攝像頭拍照

1. 效果圖

2. MainActivity.java

import android.Manifest;
import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.DocumentsContract;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.FileProvider;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    public static final int TAKE_PHOTO = 1;

    public static final int CHOOSE_PHOTO = 2;

    private ImageView picture;
    private Button takePhoto;
    private Button chooseFromAlbum;
    private Uri imageUri;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //獲取控件實例
        takePhoto = (Button) findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
        chooseFromAlbum = (Button) findViewById(R.id.choose_from_album);
        picture = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.picture);
        //設置takePhoto按鈕點擊事件
        takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // 創建File對象，用於存儲拍照後的圖片
                File outputImage = new File(getExternalCacheDir(), "output_image.jpg");
                try {
                    if (outputImage.exists()) {
                        outputImage.delete();
                    }
                    outputImage.createNewFile();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 24) {
                    imageUri = Uri.fromFile(outputImage);
                } else {
                    imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(MainActivity.this, "com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider", outputImage);
                }
                // 啓動相機程序
                Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
                startActivityForResult(intent, TAKE_PHOTO);
            }
        });
        //設置chooseFromAlbum按鈕點擊事件
        chooseFromAlbum.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //處理運行時權限
                //WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE表示同時授予程序對SD卡讀和寫的能力
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{ Manifest.permission. WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE }, 1);
                } else {
                    openAlbum();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    private void openAlbum() {
        Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
        intent.setType("image/*");
        startActivityForResult(intent, CHOOSE_PHOTO); // 打開相冊
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case 1:
                if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    openAlbum();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "You denied the permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            default:
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case TAKE_PHOTO:
                if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                    try {
                        // 將拍攝的照片顯示出來
                        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
                        picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                break;
            case CHOOSE_PHOTO:
                if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                    // 判斷手機系統版本號
                    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
                        // 4.4及以上系統使用這個方法處理圖片
                        // 從4.4版本開始，選取相冊中的圖片不再返回圖片真實的Uri了，而是一個封裝過的Uri
                        handleImageOnKitKat(data);
                    } else {
                        // 4.4以下系統使用這個方法處理圖片
                        handleImageBeforeKitKat(data);
                    }
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    @TargetApi(19)
    private void handleImageOnKitKat(Intent data) {
        String imagePath = null;
        Uri uri = data.getData();
        Log.d("TAG", "handleImageOnKitKat: uri is " + uri);
        if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this, uri)) {
            // 如果是document類型的Uri，則通過document id處理
            String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
            if("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
                String id = docId.split(":")[1]; // 解析出數字格式的id
                String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=" + id;
                imagePath = getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, selection);
            } else if ("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
                Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(docId));
                imagePath = getImagePath(contentUri, null);
            }
        } else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            // 如果是content類型的Uri，則使用普通方式處理
            imagePath = getImagePath(uri, null);
        } else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            // 如果是file類型的Uri，直接獲取圖片路徑即可
            imagePath = uri.getPath();
        }
        displayImage(imagePath); // 根據圖片路徑顯示圖片
    }

    private void handleImageBeforeKitKat(Intent data) {
        Uri uri = data.getData();
        String imagePath = getImagePath(uri, null);
        displayImage(imagePath);
    }

    private String getImagePath(Uri uri, String selection) {
        String path = null;
        // 通過Uri和selection來獲取真實的圖片路徑
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, selection, null, null);
        if (cursor != null) {
            if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
            }
            cursor.close();
        }
        return path;
    }

    private void displayImage(String imagePath) {
        if (imagePath != null) {
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath);
            picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "failed to get image", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}

3. activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.example.thinkpad.cameraalbumtest.MainActivity">

    <!--打開攝像頭拍照-->
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/take_photo"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="點擊拍照"/>
    <!--從相冊中選取照片-->
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/choose_from_album"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="從相冊中選取照片"/>
    <!--用於將照片顯示出來-->
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/picture"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"/>

</LinearLayout>

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整理學習自郭霖大佬的《第一行代碼》
目前小白一名，持續學習Android中，如有錯誤請批評指正！