Spring接收web請求參數的幾種方式

1 查詢參數

請求格式:url?參數1=值1&參數2=值2...
同時適用於GET和POST方式
spring處理查詢參數的方法又有幾種寫法:

方法一:
方法參數名即爲請求參數名

  // 查詢參數1
  @RequestMapping(value = "/test/query1", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  public String testQuery1(String username, String password) {
    System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password);
    return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password;
  }

 

方法二:
從HttpServletRequest中提取參數

  // 查詢參數2
  @RequestMapping(value = "/test/query2", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  public String testQuery2(HttpServletRequest request) {
    String username = request.getParameter("username");
    String password = request.getParameter("password");
    System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password);
    return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password;
  }


方法三:
方法參數名和請求參數名可以不一樣,通過@RequestParam註解來綁定參數

  // 查詢參數3
  @RequestMapping(value = "/test/query3", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  public String testQuery3(@RequestParam("username") String un, @RequestParam("password") String pw) {
    System.out.println("username=" + un + ", password=" + pw);
    return "username=" + un + ", password=" + pw;
  }


方法四:
創建一個實體類對象作爲參數承載體,spring會根據參數名稱自動將參數綁定到實體類對象的屬性上

  // 查詢參數4
  @RequestMapping(value = "/test/query4", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  public String testQuery4(User user) {
    String username = user.getUsername();
    String password = user.getPassword();
    System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password);
    return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password;
  }

實體類定義如下:

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Builder
public class User {
  private String username;
  private String password;
}

這裏用到了第三方庫lombok,這樣就不需要在代碼中手動添加get、set等方法,lombok會自動添加。

發送請求的curl命令如下:

curl -i 'http://192.168.1.14:8080/test/query1?username=aaa&password=bbb'

交互報文如下:

GET /test/query1?username=aaa&password=bbb HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.1.14:8080
User-Agent: curl/7.58.0
Accept: */*

HTTP/1.1 200 
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 26
Date: Thu, 25 Oct 2018 07:01:30 GMT

username=aaa, password=bbb

 

2 表單參數

請求參數不在url中,而是在Body體中,格式爲:url?參數1=值1&參數2=值2...
適用於POST方式
表單參數處理方法和前面的請求參數處理方法幾乎完全一樣,只是RequestMethod註解中將method方法設置成POST方法

方法一:

  // 表單參數1
  @RequestMapping(value = "/test/form1", method = RequestMethod.POST)
  public String testForm1(String username, String password) {
    System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password);
    return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password;
  }

方法二:

  // 表單參數2
  @RequestMapping(value = "/test/form2", method = RequestMethod.POST)
  public String testForm2(HttpServletRequest request) {
    String username = request.getParameter("username");
    String password = request.getParameter("password");
    System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password);
    return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password;
  }

方法三:

  // 表單參數3
  @RequestMapping(value = "/test/form3", method = RequestMethod.POST)
  public String testForm3(@RequestParam("username") String un, @RequestParam("password") String pw) {
    System.out.println("username=" + un + ", password=" + pw);
    return "username=" + un + ", password=" + pw;
  }

方法四:

  // 表單參數4
  @RequestMapping(value = "/test/form4", method = RequestMethod.POST)
  public String testForm4(User user) {
    String username = user.getUsername();
    String password = user.getPassword();
    System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password);
    return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password;
  }

 curl請求命令如下:

curl -X POST -i -d "username=aaa&password=bbb" http://192.168.1.14:8080/test/form1

請求和響應報文如下:

POST /test/form1 HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.1.14:8080
User-Agent: curl/7.58.0
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 25
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

username=aaa&password=bbb

HTTP/1.1 200 
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 26
Date: Thu, 25 Oct 2018 07:05:35 GMT

username=aaa, password=bbb

 

3 路徑參數

請求參數爲url中的一部分,格式爲:url/參數1/參數2...
同時適用於GET和POST方式
代碼如下:

  @RequestMapping(value = "/test/url/{username}/{password}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  public String testUrl(@PathVariable String username, @PathVariable String password) {
    System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password);
    return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password;
  }

請求curl命令如下:

curl -i http://192.168.1.14:8080/test/url/aaa/bbb

請求和響應報文如下:

GET /test/url/aaa/bbb HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.1.14:8080
User-Agent: curl/7.58.0
Accept: */*

HTTP/1.1 200 
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 26
Date: Thu, 25 Oct 2018 07:07:44 GMT

username=aaa, password=bbb

 

4 json格式參數

請求參數在Body體中,並且爲json格式。需要添加請求頭:Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
適用於POST方式
方法一:
定義實體類,將json對象解析成實力類,需要添加RequestBody註解

  // json參數1
  @RequestMapping(value = "/test/json1", method = RequestMethod.POST)
  public String testJson1(@RequestBody User user) {
    String username = user.getUsername();
    String password = user.getPassword();
    System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password);
    return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password;
  }

方法二:
如果不像定義實體類,也可以將json請求直接解析成JSONObject類

  // json參數2
  @RequestMapping(value = "/test/json2", method = RequestMethod.POST)
  public String testJson2(@RequestBody JSONObject json) {
    String username = json.getString("username");
    String password = json.getString("password");
    System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password);
    return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password;
  }

方法三:
也可以將json對象直接解析成Map對象

  // json參數3
  @RequestMapping(value = "/test/json3", method = RequestMethod.POST)
  public String testJson3(@RequestBody Map<String, String> userMap) {
    String username = userMap.get("username");
    String password = userMap.get("password");
    System.out.println("username=" + username + ", password=" + password);
    return "username=" + username + ", password=" + password;
  }

請求curl命令如下:

curl -X POST -i -H 'Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8' -d '
{
    "username" : "aaa",
    "password" : "bbb"
}
' http://192.168.1.14:8080/test/json1

請求和響應報文如下:

POST /test/json1 HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.1.14:8080
User-Agent: curl/7.58.0
Accept: */*
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 52


{
    "username" : "aaa",
    "password" : "bbb"
}
HTTP/1.1 200 Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 26 Date: Thu, 25 Oct 2018 07:09:06 GMT username=aaa, password=bbb

 

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