1. 线程结构体
在0环，每个线程都有一个结构体ETHREAD。
nt!_ETHREAD
+0x000 Tcb : _KTHREAD
+0x200 CreateTime : _LARGE_INTEGER
+0x208 ExitTime : _LARGE_INTEGER
+0x208 KeyedWaitChain : _LIST_ENTRY
+0x210 ExitStatus : Int4B
+0x214 PostBlockList : _LIST_ENTRY
+0x214 ForwardLinkShadow : Ptr32 Void
+0x218 StartAddress : Ptr32 Void
+0x21c TerminationPort : Ptr32 _TERMINATION_PORT
+0x21c ReaperLink : Ptr32 _ETHREAD
+0x21c KeyedWaitValue : Ptr32 Void
+0x220 ActiveTimerListLock : Uint4B
+0x224 ActiveTimerListHead : _LIST_ENTRY
+0x22c Cid : _CLIENT_ID
+0x234 KeyedWaitSemaphore : _KSEMAPHORE
+0x234 AlpcWaitSemaphore : _KSEMAPHORE
+0x248 ClientSecurity : _PS_CLIENT_SECURITY_CONTEXT
+0x24c IrpList : _LIST_ENTRY
+0x254 TopLevelIrp : Uint4B
+0x258 DeviceToVerify : Ptr32 _DEVICE_OBJECT
+0x25c CpuQuotaApc : Ptr32 _PSP_CPU_QUOTA_APC
+0x260 Win32StartAddress : Ptr32 Void
+0x264 LegacyPowerObject : Ptr32 Void
+0x268 ThreadListEntry : _LIST_ENTRY
+0x270 RundownProtect : _EX_RUNDOWN_REF
+0x274 ThreadLock : _EX_PUSH_LOCK
+0x278 ReadClusterSize : Uint4B
+0x27c MmLockOrdering : Int4B
+0x280 CrossThreadFlags : Uint4B
+0x280 Terminated : Pos 0, 1 Bit
+0x280 ThreadInserted : Pos 1, 1 Bit
+0x280 HideFromDebugger : Pos 2, 1 Bit
+0x280 ActiveImpersonationInfo : Pos 3, 1 Bit
+0x280 SystemThread : Pos 4, 1 Bit
+0x280 HardErrorsAreDisabled : Pos 5, 1 Bit
+0x280 BreakOnTermination : Pos 6, 1 Bit
+0x280 SkipCreationMsg : Pos 7, 1 Bit
+0x280 SkipTerminationMsg : Pos 8, 1 Bit
+0x280 CopyTokenOnOpen : Pos 9, 1 Bit
+0x280 ThreadIoPriority : Pos 10, 3 Bits
+0x280 ThreadPagePriority : Pos 13, 3 Bits
+0x280 RundownFail : Pos 16, 1 Bit
+0x280 NeedsWorkingSetAging : Pos 17, 1 Bit
+0x284 SameThreadPassiveFlags : Uint4B
+0x284 ActiveExWorker : Pos 0, 1 Bit
+0x284 ExWorkerCanWaitUser : Pos 1, 1 Bit
+0x284 MemoryMaker : Pos 2, 1 Bit
+0x284 ClonedThread : Pos 3, 1 Bit
+0x284 KeyedEventInUse : Pos 4, 1 Bit
+0x284 RateApcState : Pos 5, 2 Bits
+0x284 SelfTerminate : Pos 7, 1 Bit
+0x288 SameThreadApcFlags : Uint4B
+0x288 Spare : Pos 0, 1 Bit
+0x288 StartAddressInvalid : Pos 1, 1 Bit
+0x288 EtwPageFaultCalloutActive : Pos 2, 1 Bit
+0x288 OwnsProcessWorkingSetExclusive : Pos 3, 1 Bit
+0x288 OwnsProcessWorkingSetShared : Pos 4, 1 Bit
+0x288 OwnsSystemCacheWorkingSetExclusive : Pos 5, 1 Bit
+0x288 OwnsSystemCacheWorkingSetShared : Pos 6, 1 Bit
+0x288 OwnsSessionWorkingSetExclusive : Pos 7, 1 Bit
+0x289 OwnsSessionWorkingSetShared : Pos 0, 1 Bit
+0x289 OwnsProcessAddressSpaceExclusive : Pos 1, 1 Bit
+0x289 OwnsProcessAddressSpaceShared : Pos 2, 1 Bit
+0x289 SuppressSymbolLoad : Pos 3, 1 Bit
+0x289 Prefetching : Pos 4, 1 Bit
+0x289 OwnsDynamicMemoryShared : Pos 5, 1 Bit
+0x289 OwnsChangeControlAreaExclusive : Pos 6, 1 Bit
+0x289 OwnsChangeControlAreaShared : Pos 7, 1 Bit
+0x28a OwnsPagedPoolWorkingSetExclusive : Pos 0, 1 Bit
+0x28a OwnsPagedPoolWorkingSetShared : Pos 1, 1 Bit
+0x28a OwnsSystemPtesWorkingSetExclusive : Pos 2, 1 Bit
+0x28a OwnsSystemPtesWorkingSetShared : Pos 3, 1 Bit
+0x28a TrimTrigger : Pos 4, 2 Bits
+0x28a Spare1 : Pos 6, 2 Bits
+0x28b PriorityRegionActive : UChar
+0x28c CacheManagerActive : UChar
+0x28d DisablePageFaultClustering : UChar
+0x28e ActiveFaultCount : UChar
+0x28f LockOrderState : UChar
+0x290 AlpcMessageId : Uint4B
+0x294 AlpcMessage : Ptr32 Void
+0x294 AlpcReceiveAttributeSet : Uint4B
+0x298 AlpcWaitListEntry : _LIST_ENTRY
+0x2a0 CacheManagerCount : Uint4B
+0x2a4 IoBoostCount : Uint4B
+0x2a8 IrpListLock : Uint4B
+0x2ac ReservedForSynchTracking : Ptr32 Void
+0x2b0 CmCallbackListHead : _SINGLE_LIST_ENTRY
+0x22c Cid：CLIENT_ID类型，存储了进程ID、线程ID
+0x268 ThreadListEntry：双向链表，ETHREAD存在的两条链表之一，之所以弄两条链表是为了方便，这条链表是ETHREAD里面的，KTHREAD里面也有一条链表
2. KTHREAD
线程结构体的第一个成员就是KTHREAD类型，它的结构如下：
nt!_KTHREAD
+0x000 Header : _DISPATCHER_HEADER
+0x010 CycleTime : Uint8B
+0x018 HighCycleTime : Uint4B
+0x020 QuantumTarget : Uint8B
+0x028 InitialStack : Ptr32 Void
+0x02c StackLimit : Ptr32 Void
+0x030 KernelStack : Ptr32 Void
+0x034 ThreadLock : Uint4B
+0x038 WaitRegister : _KWAIT_STATUS_REGISTER
+0x039 Running : UChar
+0x03a Alerted : [2] UChar
+0x03c KernelStackResident : Pos 0, 1 Bit
+0x03c ReadyTransition : Pos 1, 1 Bit
+0x03c ProcessReadyQueue : Pos 2, 1 Bit
+0x03c WaitNext : Pos 3, 1 Bit
+0x03c SystemAffinityActive : Pos 4, 1 Bit
+0x03c Alertable : Pos 5, 1 Bit
+0x03c GdiFlushActive : Pos 6, 1 Bit
+0x03c UserStackWalkActive : Pos 7, 1 Bit
+0x03c ApcInterruptRequest : Pos 8, 1 Bit
+0x03c ForceDeferSchedule : Pos 9, 1 Bit
+0x03c QuantumEndMigrate : Pos 10, 1 Bit
+0x03c UmsDirectedSwitchEnable : Pos 11, 1 Bit
+0x03c TimerActive : Pos 12, 1 Bit
+0x03c Reserved : Pos 13, 19 Bits
+0x03c MiscFlags : Int4B
+0x040 ApcState : _KAPC_STATE
+0x040 ApcStateFill : [23] UChar
+0x057 Priority : Char
+0x058 NextProcessor : Uint4B
+0x05c DeferredProcessor : Uint4B
+0x060 ApcQueueLock : Uint4B
+0x064 ContextSwitches : Uint4B
+0x068 State : UChar
+0x069 NpxState : Char
+0x06a WaitIrql : UChar
+0x06b WaitMode : Char
+0x06c WaitStatus : Int4B
+0x070 WaitBlockList : Ptr32 _KWAIT_BLOCK
+0x074 WaitListEntry : _LIST_ENTRY
+0x074 SwapListEntry : _SINGLE_LIST_ENTRY
+0x07c Queue : Ptr32 _KQUEUE
+0x080 WaitTime : Uint4B
+0x084 KernelApcDisable : Int2B
+0x086 SpecialApcDisable : Int2B
+0x084 CombinedApcDisable : Uint4B
+0x088 Teb : Ptr32 Void
+0x090 Timer : _KTIMER
+0x0b8 AutoAlignment : Pos 0, 1 Bit
+0x0b8 DisableBoost : Pos 1, 1 Bit
+0x0b8 EtwStackTraceApc1Inserted : Pos 2, 1 Bit
+0x0b8 EtwStackTraceApc2Inserted : Pos 3, 1 Bit
+0x0b8 CalloutActive : Pos 4, 1 Bit
+0x0b8 ApcQueueable : Pos 5, 1 Bit
+0x0b8 EnableStackSwap : Pos 6, 1 Bit
+0x0b8 GuiThread : Pos 7, 1 Bit
+0x0b8 UmsPerformingSyscall : Pos 8, 1 Bit
+0x0b8 ReservedFlags : Pos 9, 23 Bits
+0x0b8 ThreadFlags : Int4B
+0x0bc ServiceTable : Ptr32 Void
+0x0c0 WaitBlock : [4] _KWAIT_BLOCK
+0x120 QueueListEntry : _LIST_ENTRY
+0x128 TrapFrame : Ptr32 _KTRAP_FRAME
+0x12c FirstArgument : Ptr32 Void
+0x130 CallbackStack : Ptr32 Void
+0x130 CallbackDepth : Uint4B
+0x134 ApcStateIndex : UChar
+0x135 BasePriority : Char
+0x136 PriorityDecrement : Char
+0x136 ForegroundBoost : Pos 0, 4 Bits
+0x136 UnusualBoost : Pos 4, 4 Bits
+0x137 Preempted : UChar
+0x138 AdjustReason : UChar
+0x139 AdjustIncrement : Char
+0x13a PreviousMode : Char
+0x13b Saturation : Char
+0x13c SystemCallNumber : Uint4B
+0x140 FreezeCount : Uint4B
+0x144 UserAffinity : _GROUP_AFFINITY
+0x150 Process : Ptr32 _KPROCESS
+0x154 Affinity : _GROUP_AFFINITY
+0x160 IdealProcessor : Uint4B
+0x164 UserIdealProcessor : Uint4B
+0x168 ApcStatePointer : [2] Ptr32 _KAPC_STATE
+0x170 SavedApcState : _KAPC_STATE
+0x170 SavedApcStateFill : [23] UChar
+0x187 WaitReason : UChar
+0x188 SuspendCount : Char
+0x189 Spare1 : Char
+0x18a OtherPlatformFill : UChar
+0x18c Win32Thread : Ptr32 Void
+0x190 StackBase : Ptr32 Void
+0x194 SuspendApc : _KAPC
+0x194 SuspendApcFill0 : [1] UChar
+0x195 ResourceIndex : UChar
+0x194 SuspendApcFill1 : [3] UChar
+0x197 QuantumReset : UChar
+0x194 SuspendApcFill2 : [4] UChar
+0x198 KernelTime : Uint4B
+0x194 SuspendApcFill3 : [36] UChar
+0x1b8 WaitPrcb : Ptr32 _KPRCB
+0x194 SuspendApcFill4 : [40] UChar
+0x1bc LegoData : Ptr32 Void
+0x194 SuspendApcFill5 : [47] UChar
+0x1c3 LargeStack : UChar
+0x1c4 UserTime : Uint4B
+0x1c8 SuspendSemaphore : _KSEMAPHORE
+0x1c8 SuspendSemaphorefill : [20] UChar
+0x1dc SListFaultCount : Uint4B
+0x1e0 ThreadListEntry : _LIST_ENTRY
+0x1e8 MutantListHead : _LIST_ENTRY
+0x1f0 SListFaultAddress : Ptr32 Void
+0x1f4 ThreadCounters : Ptr32 _KTHREAD_COUNTERS
+0x1f8 XStateSave : Ptr32 _XSTATE_SAVE
KTHREAD的成员实在是太多了，所以只对KTHREAD的主要成员进行讲解：
+0x000 Header：凡是以Header开头的内核对象结构体，都是可等待对象，可以被WaitForSingleObject()函数等待
+0x028 InitialStack
+0x02c StackLimit
+0x030 KernelStack
以上三个成员跟线程0环堆栈相关,当使用中断门或调用门提权进入0环时堆栈会被切换，堆栈信息来自于TSS中，TSS只有一个，而每个线程都有一个栈，所以当前是哪个线程在运行，就将哪个线程的栈复制到TSS中，这几个成员在线程切换的时候仍然有用
+0x088 Teb：线程环境块，位于用户地址空间，3环时，fs:[0]指向TEB，0环时，fs指向KPCR
+0x068 State：线程状态，就绪、等待还是运行
+0x135 BasePriority：它的初始值是所属进程的KPROCESS里面的BasePriority，以后可以通过KeSetBasePriorityThread()函数重新设定
+0x0C0 WaitBlock[4]：WaitForSingleObject或WaitForMultipleObject等待的内核对象
+0x0bc ServiceTable：指向系统服务表基址
+0x128 TrapFrame：进0环时保存环境
+0x13a PreviousMode：某些内核函数会判断程序是0环调用还是3环调用的
+0x1e0 ThreadListEntry：双向链表，一个进程所有的线程都在里面，一共有两个这样的链表
3. TEB
nt!_TEB
+0x000 NtTib : _NT_TIB
+0x01c EnvironmentPointer : Ptr32 Void
+0x020 ClientId : _CLIENT_ID
+0x028 ActiveRpcHandle : Ptr32 Void
+0x02c ThreadLocalStoragePointer : Ptr32 Void
+0x030 ProcessEnvironmentBlock : Ptr32 _PEB
+0x034 LastErrorValue : Uint4B
+0x038 CountOfOwnedCriticalSections : Uint4B
+0x03c CsrClientThread : Ptr32 Void
+0x040 Win32ThreadInfo : Ptr32 Void
+0x044 User32Reserved : [26] Uint4B
+0x0ac UserReserved : [5] Uint4B
+0x0c0 WOW32Reserved : Ptr32 Void
+0x0c4 CurrentLocale : Uint4B
+0x0c8 FpSoftwareStatusRegister : Uint4B
+0x0cc SystemReserved1 : [54] Ptr32 Void
+0x1a4 ExceptionCode : Int4B
+0x1a8 ActivationContextStackPointer : Ptr32 _ACTIVATION_CONTEXT_STACK
+0x1ac SpareBytes : [36] UChar
+0x1d0 TxFsContext : Uint4B
+0x1d4 GdiTebBatch : _GDI_TEB_BATCH
+0x6b4 RealClientId : _CLIENT_ID
+0x6bc GdiCachedProcessHandle : Ptr32 Void
+0x6c0 GdiClientPID : Uint4B
+0x6c4 GdiClientTID : Uint4B
+0x6c8 GdiThreadLocalInfo : Ptr32 Void
+0x6cc Win32ClientInfo : [62] Uint4B
+0x7c4 glDispatchTable : [233] Ptr32 Void
+0xb68 glReserved1 : [29] Uint4B
+0xbdc glReserved2 : Ptr32 Void
+0xbe0 glSectionInfo : Ptr32 Void
+0xbe4 glSection : Ptr32 Void
+0xbe8 glTable : Ptr32 Void
+0xbec glCurrentRC : Ptr32 Void
+0xbf0 glContext : Ptr32 Void
+0xbf4 LastStatusValue : Uint4B
+0xbf8 StaticUnicodeString : _UNICODE_STRING
+0xc00 StaticUnicodeBuffer : [261] Wchar
+0xe0c DeallocationStack : Ptr32 Void
+0xe10 TlsSlots : [64] Ptr32 Void
+0xf10 TlsLinks : _LIST_ENTRY
+0xf18 Vdm : Ptr32 Void
+0xf1c ReservedForNtRpc : Ptr32 Void
+0xf20 DbgSsReserved : [2] Ptr32 Void
+0xf28 HardErrorMode : Uint4B
+0xf2c Instrumentation : [9] Ptr32 Void
+0xf50 ActivityId : _GUID
+0xf60 SubProcessTag : Ptr32 Void
+0xf64 EtwLocalData : Ptr32 Void
+0xf68 EtwTraceData : Ptr32 Void
+0xf6c WinSockData : Ptr32 Void
+0xf70 GdiBatchCount : Uint4B
+0xf74 CurrentIdealProcessor : _PROCESSOR_NUMBER
+0xf74 IdealProcessorValue : Uint4B
+0xf74 ReservedPad0 : UChar
+0xf75 ReservedPad1 : UChar
+0xf76 ReservedPad2 : UChar
+0xf77 IdealProcessor : UChar
+0xf78 GuaranteedStackBytes : Uint4B
+0xf7c ReservedForPerf : Ptr32 Void
+0xf80 ReservedForOle : Ptr32 Void
+0xf84 WaitingOnLoaderLock : Uint4B
+0xf88 SavedPriorityState : Ptr32 Void
+0xf8c SoftPatchPtr1 : Uint4B
+0xf90 ThreadPoolData : Ptr32 Void
+0xf94 TlsExpansionSlots : Ptr32 Ptr32 Void
+0xf98 MuiGeneration : Uint4B
+0xf9c IsImpersonating : Uint4B
+0xfa0 NlsCache : Ptr32 Void
+0xfa4 pShimData : Ptr32 Void
+0xfa8 HeapVirtualAffinity : Uint4B
+0xfac CurrentTransactionHandle : Ptr32 Void
+0xfb0 ActiveFrame : Ptr32 _TEB_ACTIVE_FRAME
+0xfb4 FlsData : Ptr32 Void
+0xfb8 PreferredLanguages : Ptr32 Void
+0xfbc UserPrefLanguages : Ptr32 Void
+0xfc0 MergedPrefLanguages : Ptr32 Void
+0xfc4 MuiImpersonation : Uint4B
+0xfc8 CrossTebFlags : Uint2B
+0xfc8 SpareCrossTebBits : Pos 0, 16 Bits
+0xfca SameTebFlags : Uint2B
+0xfca SafeThunkCall : Pos 0, 1 Bit
+0xfca InDebugPrint : Pos 1, 1 Bit
+0xfca HasFiberData : Pos 2, 1 Bit
+0xfca SkipThreadAttach : Pos 3, 1 Bit
+0xfca WerInShipAssertCode : Pos 4, 1 Bit
+0xfca RanProcessInit : Pos 5, 1 Bit
+0xfca ClonedThread : Pos 6, 1 Bit
+0xfca SuppressDebugMsg : Pos 7, 1 Bit
+0xfca DisableUserStackWalk : Pos 8, 1 Bit
+0xfca RtlExceptionAttached : Pos 9, 1 Bit
+0xfca InitialThread : Pos 10, 1 Bit
+0xfca SpareSameTebBits : Pos 11, 5 Bits
+0xfcc TxnScopeEnterCallback : Ptr32 Void
+0xfd0 TxnScopeExitCallback : Ptr32 Void
+0xfd4 TxnScopeContext : Ptr32 Void
+0xfd8 LockCount : Uint4B
+0xfdc SpareUlong0 : Uint4B
+0xfe0 ResourceRetValue : Ptr32 Void