从0开始学Spring Boot集成Rabbit MQ

概述

记录一次学习RabbitMQ使用的实例，整个过程也是学习的过程，一起学习，一起进步。

开发环境

JDK1.8、Spring Boot 1.5.9.RELEASE、RabbitMQ 3.7.4

Windows下RabbitMQ安装

RabbitMQ是基于Erlang语言开发的，所以我们想要安装还得先安装Erlang的环境。

下载地址

Erlang官网下载地址：https://www.erlang.org/downloads
RabbitMQ官网下载地址：http://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html

安装步骤

安装Erlang，默认选项就行，一直点下去，如下图所示：

安装rabbitmq，如下图所示：

默认一直点下去，如果有杀毒软件提示安装服务，请点击允许，如下图所示：

至此服务安装完毕

访问RabbitMQ管理控制台

网址: http://localhost:15672，用户名：guest，密码：guest

如图所示：

登录成功后看到如下界面：

Spring Boot项目创建

推荐spring官方快速创建SpringBoot项目的一个在线网站

https://start.spring.io/

在线即可完成Spring Boot项目的创建。

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>demo</name>
    <description>Spring Boot & Rabbit MQ集成示例</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath />
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.18</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <debug>false</debug>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

Spring Boot启动类

package com.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

开发及配置RabbitMQ

我们采用了监听方式来消费消息，消息类型Topic

RabbitnqConfiguration

package com.example.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class RabbitmqConfiguration {

    //对象序列化
    @Bean
    MessageConverter jackson2JsonMessageConverter() {
        return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
    }
}

创建一个RabbitMQ消费者

package com.example.consumer;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * Rabbit消费者
 */
@Component
public class RabbitmqConsumer {

    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

    @RabbitListener(
            bindings = @QueueBinding(
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "${my_exchange}", type = "topic", durable = "true"),
                    value = @Queue(value = "${my_queue}", durable = "true"),
                    key = "${my_routing_key}"
            )
    )
    public void consumer(String body, Channel channel, Message message) {
        try {
            //打印接收到的消息
            System.out.println("body=" + body);
            /**
             * 告诉服务器收到这条消息 已经被我消费了
             * 可以在队列删掉 这样以后就不会再发了
             * 否则消息服务器以为这条消息没处理掉 后续还会在发
             **/
            channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("error：", e);
        }
    }
}

创建一个RabbitMQ生产者

package com.example.producter;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * 消息生产者
 */
@RestController
public class RabbitmqProducter {

    @Resource
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    @Value("${my_exchange}")
    private String exchange;
    @Value("${my_routing_key}")
    private String routingKey;

    //发送MQ交易通知消息
    @RequestMapping(value = "/api/sender", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public void sender(@RequestBody String body) {
        //发送MQ消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routingKey, body);
    }
}

最后配置SpringBoot文件

  rabbitmq:
      username: guest
      password: guest
      host: 127.0.0.1
      port: 5672
      #支持发布确认
      publisher-confirms: true
      #支持发布返回
      publisher-returns: true
      listener:
      # prefetch: 10
        simple:
      #   采用手动应答
          acknowledge-mode: manual
      #   当前监听容器数
          concurrency: 10
      #   最大数
          max-concurrency: 20
      #   是否支持重试
          retry:
            enabled: true

my_exchange: abcdefg
my_queue: q123456
my_routing_key: k888888

小结

@RabbitListener是整个过程的核心
RabbitTemplate是我们的核心对象

希望能给刚接触RabbitMQ的小伙伴一点帮助~