python2.7實現郵件發送功能

這篇文章主要爲大家詳細介紹了python2.7實現郵件發送功能包，含文本、附件、正文圖片等，具有一定的參考價值，感興趣的小夥伴們可以參考一下

要想實現一個能夠發送帶有文本、圖片、附件的python程序，首先要熟悉兩大模塊：

email以及smtplib

然後對於MIME（郵件擴展）要有一定認知，因爲有了擴展才能發送附件以及圖片這些媒體或者非文本信息

最後一個比較細節的方法就是MIMEMultipart，要理解其用法以及對應參數所實現的功能區別

發送郵件三部曲：

創建協議對象
連接郵件服務器
登陸併發送郵件

from email.header import Header
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import mimetypes

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import os
import smtplib

from email import Encoders as email_encoders


class Message(object):
 def __init__(self, from_addr, to_addr, subject="", html="", text=None, cc_addr=[], attachment=[]):

  self.from_addr = from_addr
  self.subject = subject

  if to_addr:
   if isinstance(to_addr, list):
    self.to_addr = to_addr
   else:
    self.to_addr = [d for d in to_addr.split(',')]
  else:
   self.to_addr = []

  if cc_addr:
   if isinstance(cc_addr, list):
    self.cc_addr = cc_addr
   else:
    self.cc_addr = [d for d in cc_addr.split(',')]
  else:
   self.cc_addr = []

  if html is not None:
   self.body = html
   self.body_type = "html"
  else:
   self.body = text
   self.body_type = "plain"

  self.parts = []
  if isinstance(attachment, list):
   for file in attachment:
    self.add_attachment(file)

 def add_attachment(self, file_path, mimetype=None):
  """
   If *mimetype* is not specified an attempt to guess it is made. If nothing
   is guessed then `application/octet-stream` is used.
  """
  if not mimetype:
   mimetype, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(file_path)

  if mimetype is None:
   mimetype = 'application/octet-stream'

  type_maj, type_min = mimetype.split('/')
  with open(file_path, 'rb') as fh:
   part_data = fh.read()

   part = MIMEBase(type_maj, type_min)
   part.set_payload(part_data)
   email_encoders.encode_base64(part)

   part_filename = os.path.basename(file_path)
   part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"'
       % part_filename)
   part.add_header('Content-ID', part_filename)

   self.parts.append(part)

 def __to_mime_message(self):
  """Returns the message as
  :py:class:`email.mime.multipart.MIMEMultipart`."""

  ## To get the message work in iOS, you need use multipart/related, not the multipart/alternative
  msg = MIMEMultipart('related')
  msg['Subject'] = self.subject
  msg['From'] = self.from_addr
  msg['To'] = ','.join(self.to_addr)

  if len(self.cc_addr) > 0:
   msg['CC'] = ','.join(self.cc_addr)

  body = MIMEText(self.body, self.body_type)
  msg.attach(body)

  # Add Attachment
  for part in self.parts:
   msg.attach(part)

  return msg

 def send(self, smtp_server='localhost'):

  smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
  smtp.connect(smtp_server)
  smtp.sendmail(from_addr=self.from_addr, to_addrs=self.to_addr + self.cc_addr, msg=self.__to_mime_message().as_string())
  smtp.close()

對於實際發送程序，要注意個參數的類型，比如from_addr是字符串，to_addr和cc_addr以及attachment都是列表

from mail_base import Message
import datetime
from_addr = 'xxx'
mail_to = 'xxx'


def send_go():
 time_now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
 attach_files = ['testcsv.xlsm','test1.jpg','test2.jpg','test3.jpg']
 mail_msg = """
  <p>Hi Lockey:</p>
  <p><img src="cid:test1.jpg"></p>####要特別注意這裏，正文插入圖片的特殊格式！！！
  <hr/>
  <p style="text-indent:16px">Here is the latest paper link from The Economist, you can click <a href="https://lockeycheng.github.io/iooi/index.html" rel="external nofollow" >Go</a> for a full view!</p>
  <hr/>
  <p>Best Regards</p>
  <p>
   Any question please mail to <a href='mailto:[email protected]'>Lockey23</a>.
  </p>
  <p>Sent at {} PST</p>
  """.format(time_now)
 subject = '[Halo] - ' + 'A new paper published!'
 msg = Message(from_addr=from_addr,
     to_addr=[mail_to],
     cc_addr=[mail_to],
     subject=subject,
     attachment=attach_files,
     html=mail_msg
     )
 msg.send()

if __name__ == '__main__':
 send_go()

對於測試程序我們命名爲sendGo.py，運行測試程序

~$ python sendGo.py

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