Zabbix4.0歷史數據的持久化

(一)背景介紹
zabbix是一個大型的分佈式的監控系統,監控的範圍比較廣,是目前比較流行的監控系統,但是由於自身的原因,歷史數據不能持久保存,如果數據庫的數據大於100G左右查詢或其他的速度會非常的慢,會觸發很多問題,一般的zabbix歷史數據會不超過一個月(按實際獲得的數據比例計算),我們一般保存七天。一般爲了業務的需要,往往會需要很長的歷史數據來進行查看和排查問題,這就需要使zabbix的歷史數據進行長久保存(不能存數據庫,而可以存ES存儲)。

(二)環境
zabbix:zabbix4.0.1(安裝部署省略)
ES:5.5.2 (安裝部署省略)

(三)具體的配置

3.1、首先修改zabbix_server.conf文件,啓用歷史數據的配置,具體如下:

$grep '^[a-Z]' /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf 
LogFile=/tmp/zabbix_server.log
LogFileSize=0
PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid
SocketDir=/var/run/zabbix
DBHost=localhost
DBName=zabbix
DBUser=zabbix
DBPassword=zabbix
HistoryStorageURL=http://X.X.X.X:9200
HistoryStorageTypes=uint,db1,str,log,text
HistoryStorageDateIndex=1
SNMPTrapperFile=/var/log/snmptrap/snmptrap.log
Timeout=4
AlertScriptsPath=/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts
ExternalScripts=/usr

########################下邊是具體的解釋####################################

### Option: HistoryStorageURL
#       History storage HTTP[S] URL.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# HistoryStorageURL=
#HistoryStorageURL="-uelastic:FatPPdaiCom http://10.114.16.77:9200"
HistoryStorageURL=http://10.114.23.139:9200

### Option: HistoryStorageTypes
#       Comma separated list of value types to be sent to the history storage.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# HistoryStorageTypes=uint,db1,str,log,text
HistoryStorageTypes=uint,db1,str,log,text

### Option: HistoryStorageDateIndex
# Enable preprocessing of history values in history storage to store values in different indices based on date.
#       0 - disable
#       1 - enable
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
HistoryStorageDateIndex=1

備註:下邊是ES所支持存儲的數據類型
Zabbix4.0歷史數據的持久化

3.2、修改zabbix前端的配置文件,添加global $DB,$HISTORY;

$vim /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php 

<?php
// Zabbix GUI configuration file.
global $DB,$HISTORY;
#global $DB;

$DB['TYPE']     = 'MYSQL';
$DB['SERVER']   = 'localhost';
$DB['PORT']     = '0';
$DB['DATABASE'] = 'zabbix';
$DB['USER']     = 'zabbix';
$DB['PASSWORD'] = 'zabbix';

// Schema name. Used for IBM DB2 and PostgreSQL.
$DB['SCHEMA'] = '';

$ZBX_SERVER      = '10.114.23.230';
$ZBX_SERVER_PORT = '10051';
$ZBX_SERVER_NAME = 'zabbix';

$IMAGE_FORMAT_DEFAULT = IMAGE_FORMAT_PNG;

// Elasticsearch url (can be string if same url is used for all types).
$HISTORY['url']   = 'http://X.X.X.X:9200';
#$HISTORY['url']   = '-uelastic:FatPPdaiCom http://X.X.X.X:9200';
// Value types stored in Elasticsearch.
$HISTORY['types'] = ['uint', 'text', 'log', 'str', 'db1'];

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//如果不同類型使用不同的 ES 集羣,可以按如下進行配置
#$HISTORY['url']   = [
#    'uint' => 'http://10.114.16.77:9200 ',
#    'text' => 'http://10.114.16.77:9200 '
#];
#$HISTORY['types'] = ['uint', 'text'];

注意的要點:
1、HISTORY['url']和HISTORY['types']被更新。
2、定義zabbix GUI全局數據源路徑文件 global $DB, $HISTORY;(告訴zabbix先從數據庫裏讀取,沒有的話取HISTORY讀取)

3.3、在ES上依次創建五個索引(不創建也可以,會自動創建的)

$curl -XPUT http://X.X.X.X:9200/unit \
 -H 'content-type:application/json' \
 -d '{
   "settings" : {
      "index" : {
         "number_of_replicas" : 1,
         "number_of_shards" : 5
      }
   },
   "mappings" : {
      "values" : {
         "properties" : {
            "itemid" : {
               "type" : "long"
            },
            "clock" : {
               "format" : "epoch_second",
               "type" : "date"
            },
            "value" : {
               "type" : "long"
            }
         }
      }
   }
}'
$curl -XPUT http://X.X.X.X:9200/db1 \
 -H 'content-type:application/json' \
 -d '{
   "settings" : {
      "index" : {
         "number_of_replicas" : 1,
         "number_of_shards" : 5
      }
   },
   "mappings" : {
      "values" : {
         "properties" : {
            "itemid" : {
               "type" : "long"
            },
            "clock" : {
               "format" : "epoch_second",
               "type" : "date"
            },
            "value" : {
               "type" : "double"
            }
         }
      }
   }
}'

$curl -XPUT http://X.X.X.X:9200/log \
 -H 'content-type:application/json' \
 -d '{
   "settings" : {
      "index" : {
         "number_of_replicas" : 1,
         "number_of_shards" : 5
      }
   },
   "mappings" : {
      "values" : {
         "properties" : {
            "itemid" : {
               "type" : "long"
            },
            "clock" : {
               "format" : "epoch_second",
               "type" : "date"
            },
            "value" : {
               "fields" : {
                  "analyzed" : {
                     "index" : true,
                     "type" : "text",
                     "analyzer" : "standard"
                  }
               },
               "index" : false,
               "type" : "text"
            }
         }
      }
   }
}'

$curl -XPUT http://X.X.X.X:9200/text \
 -H 'content-type:application/json' \
 -d '{
   "settings" : {
      "index" : {
         "number_of_replicas" : 1,
         "number_of_shards" : 5
      }
   },
   "mappings" : {
      "values" : {
         "properties" : {
            "itemid" : {
               "type" : "long"
            },
            "clock" : {
               "format" : "epoch_second",
               "type" : "date"
            },
            "value" : {
               "fields" : {
                  "analyzed" : {
                     "index" : true,
                     "type" : "text",
                     "analyzer" : "standard"
                  }
               },
               "index" : false,
               "type" : "text"
            }
         }
      }
   }
}'
$curl -XPUT http://X.X.X.X:9200/str \
 -H 'content-type:application/json' \
 -d '{
   "settings" : {
      "index" : {
         "number_of_replicas" : 1,
         "number_of_shards" : 5
      }
   },
   "mappings" : {
      "values" : {
         "properties" : {
            "itemid" : {
               "type" : "long"
            },
            "clock" : {
               "format" : "epoch_second",
               "type" : "date"
            },
            "value" : {
               "fields" : {
                  "analyzed" : {
                     "index" : true,
                     "type" : "text",
                     "analyzer" : "standard"
                  }
               },
               "index" : false,
               "type" : "text"
            }
         }
      }
   }
}'

3.4、在ES上查看是否生成:

$curl http://X.X.X.X:9200/_cat/indices?v
health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
green open str ZTkdqhpFR9ijzTfKvtsMrQ 5 1 0 0 2.2kb 1.1kb
green open text TjY6OEGySJ2AGc1rpfOEhA 5 1 0 0 2.2kb 1.1kb
green open log qG-R2UhiQhypP9stSSodkw 5 1 0 0 2.2kb 1.1kb
green open db1 av_V5XbiSDyDdZXW0rO6aw 5 1 0 0 2.2kb 1.1kb
green open .kibana JZBiyypQSRuMxRnHxOLP1Q 1 1 1 0 8kb 4kb
green open unit 2bxxvaMTTFKqTq0EDX5EjA 5 1 0 0 2.2kb 1.1kb

3.5、在kibana上創建相應的索引並查看數據。
Zabbix4.0歷史數據的持久化
Zabbix4.0歷史數據的持久化

就可以看到歷史數據會存儲到ES中去

(四)、查看是否通過db訪問還是es,修改該文件(/etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php)的全局變量就可以知道訪問的是mysql還是ES了。

具體可以參考官方文檔(https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/4.0/manual/appendix/install/elastic_search_setup

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