Ocelot简易教程目录
- Ocelot简易教程（一）之Ocelot是什么
- Ocelot简易教程（二）之快速开始1
- Ocelot简易教程（二）之快速开始2
- Ocelot简易教程（三）之主要特性及路由详解
- Ocelot简易教程（四）之请求聚合以及服务发现
- Ocelot简易教程（五）之集成IdentityServer认证以及授权
- Ocelot简易教程（六）之重写配置文件存储方式并优化响应数据
- Ocelot简易教程（七）之配置文件数据库存储插件源码解析
上篇中也提到了，最简单的Ocelot如下面所示，只有简单的两个节点，一个是ReRoutes，另一个就是GlobalConfiguration关于这两个节点的作用，上篇也已经讲述了，这里再简单的讲下ReRoutes：告诉Ocelot如何处理上游的请求。GlobalConfiguration：顾名思义就是全局配置，此节点的配置允许覆盖ReRoutes里面的配置，你可以在这里进行通用的一些配置信息。
<span style="color:#333333"><code>{
<span style="color:red">"ReRoutes"</span>: [],
<span style="color:red">"GlobalConfiguration"</span>: {}
}</code></span>
下面呢给出ReRoute 的所有的配置信息，当然在实际使用的时候你没有必要全部进行配置，只需要根据你项目的实际需要进行相关的配置就可以了。
<span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#a31515">"ReRoutes"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:#a31515">"DownstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/api/{everything}"</span>,<span style="color:green">//下游路由模板</span>
<span style="color:#a31515">"UpstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/good/{everything}"</span>,<span style="color:green">//上游路由模板</span>
<span style="color:#a31515">"UpstreamHttpMethod"</span>: [ <span style="color:#a31515">"Get"</span>, <span style="color:#a31515">"Post"</span> ],<span style="color:green">//上游请求方法</span>
<span style="color:#a31515">"AddHeadersToRequest"</span>: {},
<span style="color:#a31515">"UpstreamHeaderTransform"</span>: {},
<span style="color:#a31515">"DownstreamHeaderTransform"</span>: {},
<span style="color:#a31515">"AddClaimsToRequest"</span>: {},
<span style="color:#a31515">"RouteClaimsRequirement"</span>: {},
<span style="color:#a31515">"AddQueriesToRequest"</span>: {},
<span style="color:#a31515">"RequestIdKey"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"FileCacheOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:#a31515">"TtlSeconds"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"Region"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>
},
<span style="color:#a31515">"ReRouteIsCaseSensitive"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"ServiceName"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"DownstreamScheme"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"http"</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"QoSOptions"</span>: {<span style="color:green">//Qos相关配置</span>
<span style="color:#a31515">"ExceptionsAllowedBeforeBreaking"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"DurationOfBreak"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"TimeoutValue"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>
},
<span style="color:#a31515">"LoadBalancerOptions"</span>: {<span style="color:green">//负载均衡相关选项</span>
<span style="color:#a31515">"Type"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"RoundRobin"</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"Key"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"Expiry"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>
},
<span style="color:#a31515">"RateLimitOptions"</span>: {<span style="color:green">//限流相关配置</span>
<span style="color:#a31515">"ClientWhitelist"</span>: [],
<span style="color:#a31515">"EnableRateLimiting"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"Period"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"PeriodTimespan"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0.0</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"Limit"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>
},
<span style="color:#a31515">"AuthenticationOptions"</span>: {<span style="color:green">//认证相关选项</span>
<span style="color:#a31515">"AuthenticationProviderKey"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"AllowedScopes"</span>: []
},
<span style="color:#a31515">"HttpHandlerOptions"</span>: {<span style="color:green">//HttpHandler相关的配置</span>
<span style="color:#a31515">"AllowAutoRedirect"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,<span style="color:green">//是否对下游重定向进行响应</span>
<span style="color:#a31515">"UseCookieContainer"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,<span style="color:green">//是否启动CookieContainer储存cookies</span>
<span style="color:#a31515">"UseTracing"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"UseProxy"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">true</span>
},
<span style="color:#a31515">"DownstreamHostAndPorts"</span>: [<span style="color:green">//下游端口及host</span>
{
<span style="color:#a31515">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1001</span>
},
{
<span style="color:#a31515">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1002</span>
}
],
<span style="color:#a31515">"UpstreamHost"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,<span style="color:green">//上游Host</span>
<span style="color:#a31515">"Key"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"DelegatingHandlers"</span>: [],
<span style="color:#a31515">"Priority"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"Timeout"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"DangerousAcceptAnyServerCertificateValidator"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>
}</code></span>
当然上面的配置项我就不一一的进行介绍，因为很多配置相信大家根据意思都能知道个大概了。我只会对比较常用的配置做下介绍。而且在接下来的文章中对对每个节点进行单独的详细的介绍。在介绍之前呢先看Ocelot的几个特性。
Ocelot特性介绍
合并配置文件
这个特性允许用户创建多个配置文件来方便的对大型项目进行配置。试想一下，如果你的项目有几十个路由规则需要配置的话，那么在一个配置文件进行配置应该很痛苦吧，有了这个特性后，你就可以创建多个配置文件。Ocelot会自动合并他们。
在加载配置文件的时候 你可以通过下面的方式来调用AddOcelot()方法来替换直接加载某个配置的写法 如：AddJsonFile(“ocelot.json”)
<span style="color:#333333"><code>.ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, config) =>
{
config
.SetBasePath(hostingContext.HostingEnvironment.ContentRootPath)
.AddJsonFile(<span style="color:#a31515">"appsettings.json"</span>, <span style="color:#a31515">true</span>, <span style="color:#a31515">true</span>)
.AddJsonFile($<span style="color:#a31515">"appsettings.{hostingContext.HostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName}.json"</span>, <span style="color:#a31515">true</span>, <span style="color:#a31515">true</span>)
.AddOcelot()
.AddEnvironmentVariables();
})</code></span>
在这种情况下，Ocelot会寻找所有匹配了 (?i)ocelot.([a-zA-Z0-9]*).json 的文件，然后合并他们。如何你要设置GlobalConfiguration 属性，那么你需要建立一个ocelot.global.json 的文件来进行全局的配置。
这里上一个例子吧!可以方便大家的理解。
新建一个ocelot.good.json文件，并加入下面的配置：
<span style="color:#333333"><code>{
<span style="color:red">"ReRoutes"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/api/{everything}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamScheme"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"http"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamHostAndPorts"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1001</span>
},
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1002</span>
}
],
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/good/{everything}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHttpMethod"</span>: [ <span style="color:#a31515">"Get"</span>, <span style="color:#a31515">"Post"</span> ],
<span style="color:red">"LoadBalancerOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"Type"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"RoundRobin"</span>
}
}
]
}
</code></span>
然后再新建一个ocelot.order.json文件,并加入下面的配置：
<span style="color:#333333"><code>{
<span style="color:red">"ReRoutes"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/api/{everything}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamScheme"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"http"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamHostAndPorts"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1001</span>
},
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1002</span>
}
],
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/order/{everything}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHttpMethod"</span>: [ <span style="color:#a31515">"Get"</span>, <span style="color:#a31515">"Post"</span> ],
<span style="color:red">"LoadBalancerOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"Type"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"RoundRobin"</span>
}
}
]
}
</code></span>
最后新建一个ocelot.all.json文件，并把上篇文章中的路由拷贝到里面：
<span style="color:#333333"><code>{
<span style="color:red">"ReRoutes"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/api/{everything}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamScheme"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"http"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamHostAndPorts"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1001</span>
},
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1002</span>
}
],
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/{everything}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHttpMethod"</span>: [ <span style="color:#a31515">"Get"</span>, <span style="color:#a31515">"Post"</span> ],
<span style="color:red">"LoadBalancerOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"Type"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"RoundRobin"</span>
}
}
],
<span style="color:red">"GlobalConfiguration"</span>: {
}
}
</code></span>
然后修改下，Program.cs文件中的代码如下：
<span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#0000ff">public</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">static</span> IWebHostBuilder <span style="color:#a31515">CreateWebHostBuilder</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff">string</span>[] args) =>
WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
.ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, config) =>
{
config
.SetBasePath(hostingContext.HostingEnvironment.ContentRootPath)
.AddJsonFile(<span style="color:#a31515">"appsettings.json"</span>, <span style="color:#a31515">true</span>, <span style="color:#a31515">true</span>)
.AddJsonFile(<span style="color:#a31515">$"appsettings.<span style="color:#a31515">{hostingContext.HostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName}</span>.json"</span>, <span style="color:#a31515">true</span>, <span style="color:#a31515">true</span>)
.AddOcelot()
.AddEnvironmentVariables();
})
.UseUrls(<span style="color:#a31515">"http://localhost:1000"</span>)
.UseStartup<Startup>();</code></span>
这里最重要的代码就是config.AddOcelot()了。这段代码就会按照上面的规则查找所有符合条件的文件并合并路由。合并后的代码如下：
<span style="color:#333333"><code>{
<span style="color:red">"ReRoutes"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/api/{everything}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/{everything}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHttpMethod"</span>: [ <span style="color:#a31515">"Get"</span>, <span style="color:#a31515">"Post"</span> ],
<span style="color:red">"AddHeadersToRequest"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHeaderTransform"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamHeaderTransform"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"AddClaimsToRequest"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"RouteClaimsRequirement"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"AddQueriesToRequest"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"RequestIdKey"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"FileCacheOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"TtlSeconds"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Region"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"ReRouteIsCaseSensitive"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"ServiceName"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamScheme"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"http"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"QoSOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"ExceptionsAllowedBeforeBreaking"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DurationOfBreak"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"TimeoutValue"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"LoadBalancerOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"Type"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"RoundRobin"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Key"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Expiry"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"RateLimitOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"ClientWhitelist"</span>: [],
<span style="color:red">"EnableRateLimiting"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Period"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"PeriodTimespan"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0.0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Limit"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"AuthenticationOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"AuthenticationProviderKey"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"AllowedScopes"</span>: []
},
<span style="color:red">"HttpHandlerOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"AllowAutoRedirect"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UseCookieContainer"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UseTracing"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UseProxy"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">true</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamHostAndPorts"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1001</span>
},
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1002</span>
}
],
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHost"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Key"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DelegatingHandlers"</span>: [],
<span style="color:red">"Priority"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Timeout"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DangerousAcceptAnyServerCertificateValidator"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>
},
{
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/api/{everything}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/good/{everything}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHttpMethod"</span>: [ <span style="color:#a31515">"Get"</span>, <span style="color:#a31515">"Post"</span> ],
<span style="color:red">"AddHeadersToRequest"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHeaderTransform"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamHeaderTransform"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"AddClaimsToRequest"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"RouteClaimsRequirement"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"AddQueriesToRequest"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"RequestIdKey"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"FileCacheOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"TtlSeconds"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Region"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"ReRouteIsCaseSensitive"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"ServiceName"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamScheme"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"http"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"QoSOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"ExceptionsAllowedBeforeBreaking"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DurationOfBreak"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"TimeoutValue"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"LoadBalancerOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"Type"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"RoundRobin"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Key"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Expiry"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"RateLimitOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"ClientWhitelist"</span>: [],
<span style="color:red">"EnableRateLimiting"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Period"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"PeriodTimespan"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0.0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Limit"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"AuthenticationOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"AuthenticationProviderKey"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"AllowedScopes"</span>: []
},
<span style="color:red">"HttpHandlerOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"AllowAutoRedirect"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UseCookieContainer"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UseTracing"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UseProxy"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">true</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamHostAndPorts"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1001</span>
},
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1002</span>
}
],
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHost"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Key"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DelegatingHandlers"</span>: [],
<span style="color:red">"Priority"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Timeout"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DangerousAcceptAnyServerCertificateValidator"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>
},
{
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/api/{everything}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/order/{everything}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHttpMethod"</span>: [ <span style="color:#a31515">"Get"</span>, <span style="color:#a31515">"Post"</span> ],
<span style="color:red">"AddHeadersToRequest"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHeaderTransform"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamHeaderTransform"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"AddClaimsToRequest"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"RouteClaimsRequirement"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"AddQueriesToRequest"</span>: {},
<span style="color:red">"RequestIdKey"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"FileCacheOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"TtlSeconds"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Region"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"ReRouteIsCaseSensitive"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"ServiceName"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamScheme"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"http"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"QoSOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"ExceptionsAllowedBeforeBreaking"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DurationOfBreak"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"TimeoutValue"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"LoadBalancerOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"Type"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"RoundRobin"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Key"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Expiry"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"RateLimitOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"ClientWhitelist"</span>: [],
<span style="color:red">"EnableRateLimiting"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Period"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"PeriodTimespan"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0.0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Limit"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"AuthenticationOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"AuthenticationProviderKey"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"AllowedScopes"</span>: []
},
<span style="color:red">"HttpHandlerOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"AllowAutoRedirect"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UseCookieContainer"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UseTracing"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UseProxy"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">true</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamHostAndPorts"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1001</span>
},
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1002</span>
}
],
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHost"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Key"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DelegatingHandlers"</span>: [],
<span style="color:red">"Priority"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Timeout"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DangerousAcceptAnyServerCertificateValidator"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>
}
],
<span style="color:red">"DynamicReRoutes"</span>: [],
<span style="color:red">"Aggregates"</span>: [],
<span style="color:red">"GlobalConfiguration"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"RequestIdKey"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"ServiceDiscoveryProvider"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Type"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Token"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"ConfigurationKey"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"PollingInterval"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"RateLimitOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"ClientIdHeader"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"ClientId"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"QuotaExceededMessage"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"RateLimitCounterPrefix"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"ocelot"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DisableRateLimitHeaders"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"HttpStatusCode"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">429</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"QoSOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"ExceptionsAllowedBeforeBreaking"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DurationOfBreak"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>,
<span style="color:red">"TimeoutValue"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"BaseUrl"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"LoadBalancerOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"Type"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Key"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Expiry"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>
},
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamScheme"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">null</span>,
<span style="color:red">"HttpHandlerOptions"</span>: {
<span style="color:red">"AllowAutoRedirect"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UseCookieContainer"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UseTracing"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">false</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UseProxy"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">true</span>
}
}
}</code></span>
Ocelot的合并方式是先对满足格式的文件遍历查找，然后循环加载他们，并提取所有的ReRoutes以及AggregateReRoutes 的数据。如果发现ocelot.global.json ，则添加到GlobalConfiguration 中。然后Ocelto会将合并后的配置保存在ocelot.json的文件中，当Ocelot运行时会加载这个合并后的ocelot.json文件，从而加载了所有的配置。
注意：这里需要注意的是Ocelot在合并的过程中不会对内容进行验证，只有在最终合并的配置进行校验，所以如果发现问题的话，那么你需要检查最终生成的ocelot.json 是否出错了！
在consul中存储配置
这里你首先要做的就是安装Ocelot中提供的Consul的NuGet包，Nuget安装方式：
Install-Package Ocelot.Provider.Consul
然后在注册服务时添加如下内容：Ocelot将会尝试在Consul KV存储并加载配置。
<span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#0000ff">services</span>
<span style="color:#000000">.AddOcelot</span>()
<span style="color:#000000">.AddConsul</span>()
<span style="color:#000000">.AddConfigStoredInConsul</span>();</code></span>
当然你还得把下面的配置添加到你的ocelot.json文件中。这里定义Ocelot如何查找Consul根并从Consul中加载并存储配置.
<span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#a31515">"GlobalConfiguration"</span>: {
<span style="color:#a31515">"ServiceDiscoveryProvider"</span>: {
<span style="color:#a31515">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">9500</span>
}
}</code></span>
变化时重新加载配置文件
Ocelot支持在配置文件发生改变的时候重新加载json配置文件。在加载ocelot.json文件的时候按照下面进行配置，那么当你手动更新ocelot.json文件时，Ocelot将重新加载ocelot.json配置文件。
config.AddJsonFile("ocelot.json", optional: false, reloadOnChange: true);
配置Key
如果你使用Consul进行配置，你可能需要配置Key以便区分多个配置，为了指定Key，你需要在json配置文件中的ServiceDiscoveryProvider部分设置ConfigurationKey属性：
<span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#a31515">"GlobalConfiguration"</span>: {
<span style="color:#a31515">"ServiceDiscoveryProvider"</span>: {
<span style="color:#a31515">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">9500</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"ConfigurationKey"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"Oceolot_A"</span>
}
}</code></span>
在此实例中，Ocelot将会在Consul查找时使用Oceolot_A 作为配置的Key.如果没有设置ConfigurationKey 则Ocelot将使用字符串InternalConfiguration 作为此配置的Key
跟踪重定向和使用CookieContainer
在ReRoute配置中可以使用HttpHandlerOptions来设置HttpHandler行为：
- AllowAutoRedirect是一个值，指示请求是否应遵循重定向响应。如果请求应自动遵循来自下游资源的重定向响应，则将其设置为true; 否则是假的。默认值为false。
- UseCookieContainer是一个值，指示处理程序是否使用CookieContainer属性存储服务器cookie并在发送请求时使用这些cookie。默认值为false。请注意，如果您使CookieContainer，则Ocelot会为每个下游服务缓存HttpClient。这意味着对该DownstreamService的所有请求将共享相同的cookie。
SSL 错误处理
如果你想忽略SSL 警告/错误，你可以在你的ReRoute 配置中加上如下配置：
<span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:red">"DangerousAcceptAnyServerCertificateValidator":</span> <span style="color:#a31515">false</span></code></span>
当然作者是不建议这样做的，最好的方式是创建你本地以及远程所信任的证书。
Ocelot路由详解
路由
Ocelot的最主要的功能是接收传入的http请求并将其转发到下游服务。
Ocelot使用ReRoute节点描述将一个请求路由到另一个请求。为了让路由在Ocelot中起作用，您需要在配置中设置ReRoute：
<span style="color:#333333"><code>{
<span style="color:red">"ReRoutes"</span>: [
]
}</code></span>
要配置ReRoute，您需要在ReRoutes json数组中至少添加一个：
<span style="color:#333333"><code>{
<span style="color:#a31515">"DownstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/api/good/{goodId}"</span>,<span style="color:green">//下游路由模板</span>
<span style="color:#a31515">"DownstreamScheme"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"http"</span>,<span style="color:green">//下游路由请求的方式</span>
<span style="color:#a31515">"DownstreamHostAndPorts"</span>: [<span style="color:green">//下游路由的Host以及端口</span>
{
<span style="color:#a31515">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:#a31515">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1001</span>,
}
],
<span style="color:#a31515">"UpstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/good/{goodId}"</span>,<span style="color:green">//上游路由请求的模板</span>
<span style="color:#a31515">"UpstreamHttpMethod"</span>: [ <span style="color:#a31515">"Put"</span>, <span style="color:#a31515">"Delete"</span> ]<span style="color:green">//上游路由请求的方式</span>
}</code></span>
DownstreamPathTemplate，DownstreamScheme和DownstreamHostAndPorts定义请求将转发到的URL。
DownstreamHostAndPorts是一个集合，用于定义您希望将请求转发到的任何下游服务的主机和端口。通常这只包含一个条目，但有时你希望对下游请求服务进行负载均衡，这个时候你就可以添加多个条目，并配合负载均衡选项进行相关的负载均衡设置。
UpstreamPathTemplate是Ocelot用于标识要用于给定请求的DownstreamPathTemplate对应的URL。使用UpstreamHttpMethod以便Ocelot可以区分具有不同HTTP谓词的请求到相同的URL。您可以设置特定的HTTP方法列表，也可以设置一个空列表以允许所有的。
在Ocelot中，您可以以{something}的形式将变量的占位符添加到模板中。占位符变量需要同时出现在DownstreamPathTemplate和UpstreamPathTemplate属性中。请求时Ocelot将尝试请求时进行替换。
你也可以像下面这样配置，捕获所有的路由：
<span style="color:#333333"><code>{
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/api/{everything}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamScheme"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"http"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamHostAndPorts"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1001</span>,
},
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1002</span>,
}
],
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/{everything}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHttpMethod"</span>: [ <span style="color:#a31515">"Get"</span>, <span style="color:#a31515">"Post"</span> ]
}</code></span>
这个配置将会把路径+查询字符串统统转发到下游路由.
注意：默认的ReRouting的配置是不区分大小写的，如果需要修改此配置，可以通过下面进行配置：
"ReRouteIsCaseSensitive": true这意味着Ocelot将尝试将传入的上游URL与上游模板匹配时，区分大小写。
全部捕获
Ocelot的路由还支持捕获所有样式路由，用户可以指定他们想要匹配所有请求。
如果您设置如下所示的配置，则所有请求都将直接代理。占位符{url}名称不重要，任何名称都可以使用。
<span style="color:#333333"><code>{
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/{url}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamScheme"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"http"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamHostAndPorts"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1001</span>,
}
],
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/{url}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHttpMethod"</span>: [ <span style="color:#a31515">"Get"</span> ]
}</code></span>
上面配置的全部捕获的优先级低于任何其他法人ReRoute。如果您的配置中还有下面的ReRoute，那么Ocelot会在全部捕获之前匹配它。
<span style="color:#333333"><code>{
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamScheme"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"http"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamHostAndPorts"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1001</span>,
}
],
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHttpMethod"</span>: [ <span style="color:#a31515">"Get"</span> ]
}</code></span>
上游主机
此功能允许您根据上游主机获得ReRoutes。这通过查看客户端使用的主机头，然后将其用作我们用于识别ReRoute的信息的一部分来工作。
要使用此功能，请在配置中添加以下内容。
<span style="color:#333333"><code>{
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamScheme"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"http"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamHostAndPorts"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1001</span>,
}
],
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHttpMethod"</span>: [ <span style="color:#a31515">"Get"</span> ],
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHost"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"yilezhu.cn"</span>
}</code></span>
仅当主机标头值为yilezhu.cn时，才会匹配上面的ReRoute。
如果您没有在ReRoute上设置UpstreamHost，那么任何主机头都将与之匹配。这意味着如果你有两个相同的ReRoutes，除了UpstreamHost，其中一个为null而另一个不为null 那么Ocelot将支持已设置的那个。
优先级
你可以通过ocelot.json文件的ReRoutes节点中的Priorty属性来设置匹配上游HttpRequest的优先级顺序
比如，下面两个路由：
<span style="color:#333333"><code>{
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/goods/{catchAll}"</span>
<span style="color:#a31515">"Priority"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">0</span>
}</code></span>
以及
<span style="color:#333333"><code>{
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/goods/delete"</span>
<span style="color:#a31515">"Priority"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">1</span>
}</code></span>
上面两个路由中，如果向Ocelot发出的请求时/goods/delete格式的话，则Ocelot会优先匹配/goods /delete 的路由。
动态路由
作者的想法是在使用服务发现提供程序时启用动态路由，这样您就不必提供ReRoute的配置。我们会在服务发现那一章进行详细的介绍。
查询字符串
Ocelot允许您指定一个查询字符串作为DownstreamPathTemplate的一部分，如下例所示。
<span style="color:#333333"><code>{
<span style="color:red">"ReRoutes"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/api/subscriptions/{subscriptionId}/updates?unitId={unitId}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/api/units/{subscriptionId}/{unitId}/updates"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHttpMethod"</span>: [
<span style="color:#a31515">"Get"</span>
],
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamScheme"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"http"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamHostAndPorts"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">50110</span>
}
]
}
],
<span style="color:red">"GlobalConfiguration"</span>: {
}
}</code></span>
在此示例中，Ocelot将使用上游路径模板中{unitId}的值，并将其作为名为unitId的查询字符串参数添加到下游请求中！
Ocelot还允许您将查询字符串参数放在UpstreamPathTemplate中，以便您可以将某些查询与某些服务匹配。
<span style="color:#333333"><code>{
<span style="color:red">"ReRoutes"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/api/units/{subscriptionId}/{unitId}/updates"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamPathTemplate"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"/api/subscriptions/{subscriptionId}/updates?unitId={unitId}"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"UpstreamHttpMethod"</span>: [
<span style="color:#a31515">"Get"</span>
],
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamScheme"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"http"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"DownstreamHostAndPorts"</span>: [
{
<span style="color:red">"Host"</span>: <span style="color:#a31515">"localhost"</span>,
<span style="color:red">"Port"</span>: <span style="color:#000000">50110</span>
}
]
}
],
<span style="color:red">"GlobalConfiguration"</span>: {
}
}</code></span>
在此示例中，Ocelot将仅匹配具有匹配的url路径的请求，并且查询字符串以unitId = something开头。您可以在此之后进行其他查询，但必须以匹配参数开头。此外，Ocelot将交换查询字符串中的{unitId}参数，并在下游请求路径中使用它。
源码地址
当然是放上实例中的源码地址了：https://github.com/yilezhu/OcelotDemo
总结
本文主要是对Ocelot的新特性以及路由进行详细的介绍，这些介绍对你使用ocelot会有很大的帮助。下篇文章呢，我会对请求聚合以及服务发现以及动态路由进行记录，敬请期待！同时需要说明一点是，本文大部分内容是翻译自官方文档，当然中间穿插着自己在使用过程中一些理解，希望大家能够喜欢！