修改MySQL字符編碼

windows環境

查看mysql數據庫默認編碼

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                           |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | gbk                                             |
| character_set_connection | gbk                                             |
| character_set_database   | latin1                                          |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                          |
| character_set_results    | gbk                                             |
| character_set_server     | latin1                                          |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                            |
| character_sets_dir       | E:\0Develop\mysql-5.7.15-winx64\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql>

設置mysql數據庫編碼

在mysql安裝目錄下，將 my-default.ini 複製一分保存爲 my.ini
做如下修改

    [mysqld]
    character-set-server=utf8 
    collation-server=utf8_general_ci 

    [client]
    default-character-set = utf8

然後刪除你當前的mysql服務，再重新註冊mysql服務。

注：一定要以管理員的權限運行dos命令，且cd到mysql安裝目錄下的bin目錄，再註冊mysql服務

我將mysql的路徑配置到了path環境變量中，如果不是，需要到程序目錄下執行命令

C:\WINDOWS\system32>net stop mysql
mysql 服務正在停止.
mysql 服務已成功停止。

C:\Windows\system32>sc delete mysql
[SC] DeleteService 成功

C:\WINDOWS\system32>mysqld -install mysql --defaults-file="D:\develops\mysql-5.7.17-winx64\my.ini"
Service successfully installed.

C:\WINDOWS\system32>net start mysql
mysql 服務正在啓動 .
mysql 服務已經啓動成功。

C:\WINDOWS\system32>

再次查看

C:\WINDOWS\system32>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                           |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                                            |
| character_set_connection | utf8                                            |
| character_set_database   | utf8                                            |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                          |
| character_set_results    | utf8                                            |
| character_set_server     | utf8                                            |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                            |
| character_sets_dir       | D:\develops\mysql-5.7.17-winx64\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql>

修改數據庫實例編碼

修改是永久的，重啓mysql依然有效
mysql> show create database test;
±---------±----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
±---------±----------------------------------------------------------------+
| test | CREATE DATABASE test /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ |
±---------±----------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter database test default character set utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show create database test;
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database                                               |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| test     | CREATE DATABASE `test` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

查看字符集sql語句

查看mysql數據庫默認編碼

show variables like '%char%';

查看數據庫實例編碼

show create database mysql_db;

修改全局字符集sql語句

注：下面方式修改字符集 是臨時的，mysql重啓後無效

set character_set_connection=gb2312;

set character_set_database=gb2312;

set character_set_results=gb2312;

set character_set_server=gb2312;

set character_set_system=gb2312;

set collation_connection=gb2312;

set collation_database=gb2312;

set collation_server=gb2312;

Linux環境

查看默認編碼

mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

設置默認編碼

1. 備份配置文件

    sudo cp  /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf_2
    sudo vim  /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
   

2. 修改內容

    [mysqld]
    character-set-server=utf8 
    collation-server=utf8_general_ci 
   
    [client]
    default-character-set = utf8
   

3. 重啓mysql

    service mysql restart
   

4. 查看字符集

    mysql> show variables like "%char%";
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | Variable_name            | Value                      |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | character_set_client     | utf8                       |
    | character_set_connection | utf8                       |
    | character_set_database   | utf8                       |
    | character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
    | character_set_results    | utf8                       |
    | character_set_server     | utf8                       |
    | character_set_system     | utf8                       |
    | character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
   

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作者：書霖

wx：yy82801